ASTM D5684-19a

Standard Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of all terminology developed by Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.  
1.2 This terminology is unique to the pile floor covering industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the industry can be found in other compilations or in other dictionaries of general usage.  
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, D5684 is also useful for managing the Terminology of the Subcommittee.  
1.4 Terms listed under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee D13.21.  
1.5 For definitions of other textile terms see Terminology D123.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2019
• ICS: 97.150 - Floor coverings
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.21 - Pile Floor Coverings

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5684-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Refers: ASTM D6119-19(2024) - Standard Practice for Creating Surface Appearance Changes in Pile Yarn Floor Covering from Foot Traffic
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM D5823-19(2024) - Standard Test Method for Tuft Height of Pile Floor Coverings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM D7267-19a(2024) - Standard Test Method for Edge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile, Pile Yarn Floor Covering
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM D6859-18(2024) - Standard Test Method for Pile Thickness of Finished Level Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM D2646-24 - Standard Guide for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM D6540-24 - Standard Test Method for Accelerated Soiling of Pile Yarn Floor Covering
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM D6962-24 - Standard Practice for Operation of a Roller Chair Tester for Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM D5252-24 - Standard Practice for the Operation of the Hexapod Tumble Drum Tester
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM D7267-19a - Standard Test Method for Edge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile, Pile Yarn Floor Covering
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Refers: ASTM D7267-19 - Standard Test Method for Edge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile, Pile Yarn Floor Covering
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM D5823-19 - Standard Test Method for Tuft Height of Pile Floor Coverings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2019
• Refers: ASTM D6859-18 - Standard Test Method for Pile Thickness of Finished Level Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Refers: ASTM D2646-18 - Standard Guide for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2018
• Refers: ASTM D1335-17 - Standard Test Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
• Effective Date: 15-Jul-2017

Overview

ASTM D5684-19a: Standard Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings is a comprehensive compilation of terminology developed by ASTM Subcommittee D13.21, specifically for the pile floor covering industry. This standard acts as an authoritative resource, defining terms unique to pile floor coverings such as carpets and rugs, ensuring clarity and consistency across manufacturing, testing, installation, and quality control processes. It serves an essential role as both a specialized dictionary and a practical reference for managing industry-specific terminology.

Key Topics

ASTM D5684-19a includes terminology critical for understanding and communicating about pile floor coverings. Key topics addressed include:

• Pile Floor Covering Construction: Terms like pile, cut pile, loop pile, multilevel pile, and level pile explain the architectural features of textile floor coverings.
• Backing and Support Layers: Definitions for backing, primary backing, secondary backing, backing fabric, and back coating clarify the supporting components that provide dimensional stability and durability.
• Performance Attributes: The standard details terms such as durability, crush, matting, fuzzing, loss of tuft definition, and soiling, which relate to how floor coverings resist wear and maintain aesthetic appeal.
• Measurement and Manufacturing Terms: Includes terms such as tuft, tuft bind, binding site, pile height, pile thickness, tuft element, stitches, gage, pitch, and wires per unit length.
• Specialized Features: Concepts like attached cushion, underlay, change in surface appearance, coefficient of friction, and static coefficient of friction that impact performance and comfort.
• Types of Floor Coverings: Distinguishes between carpet, rug, carpet module, and textile floor covering, supporting precise product selection and specification.

Applications

This terminology standard provides practical benefits across the entire lifecycle of pile floor coverings:

• Product Development and Manufacturing: Designers, engineers, and production teams use the standardized terms to guide product specifications, quality assurance, and innovation in pile floor covering technology.
• Testing and Certification: Testing laboratories and quality inspectors reference these definitions when conducting or reporting on test procedures for properties like tuft bind, resistance to delamination, and pile thickness.
• Procurement and Specification: Professionals involved in specifying or sourcing pile yarn floor coverings rely on these terms to ensure accurate product descriptions and compliance with industry benchmarks.
• Installation and Maintenance: Installers and maintenance teams use the terminology for correct handling, placement, and care of carpets and rugs, enhancing service life and performance.
• Education and Training: Industry trainers and educators use the standard as a foundational resource for teaching the essentials of pile floor covering products and their technical language.

Related Standards

ASTM D5684-19a aligns with several other ASTM standards to ensure a comprehensive approach to pile floor covering evaluation:

• ASTM D123 - Terminology Relating to Textiles
• ASTM D1335 - Test Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
• ASTM D2646 - Guide for Backing Fabric Characteristics
• ASTM D3936 - Test Method for Resistance to Delamination
• ASTM D5793 - Test Method for Binding Sites per Unit Length or Width
• ASTM D5823 / D6859 / D7241 - Methods for Measuring Pile Height and Thickness
• ASTM D6719 - Guide for Standard Test Methods and Practices for Evaluating Pile Yarn Floor Covering
• ASTM D6540 - Test Method for Accelerated Soiling

These related documents further support standardized practices and testing methodologies, helping professionals maintain high quality and consistency in pile floor covering products.

---

Keywords: ASTM D5684-19a, pile floor coverings, carpet terminology, rug terminology, tuft bind, pile height, floor covering standards, textile floor coverings, carpet testing, ASTM standards for carpets

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5684 − 19a
Standard Terminology
Relating to Pile Floor Coverings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5684; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5252 Practice for the Operation of the Hexapod Tumble
Drum Tester
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of all terminology
D5417 Practice for Operation of the Vettermann Drum
developed by Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.
Tester
1.2 This terminology is unique to the pile floor covering
D5793 Test Method for Binding Sites per Unit Length or
industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the industry
Width of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
can be found in other compilations or in other dictionaries of
D5823 Test Method for Tuft Height of Pile Floor Coverings
general usage.
D5848 Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Pile Yarn
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, D5684 is
Floor Coverings (Withdrawn 2019)
also useful for managing the Terminology of the Subcommit-
D6119 Practice for Creating SurfaceAppearance Changes in
tee.
Pile Yarn Floor Covering from Foot Traffic
D6283 Test Method for Tuft Element Length of Uncoated
1.4 Terms listed under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee
Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
D13.21.
D6540 Test Method for Accelerated Soiling of Pile Yarn
1.5 For definitions of other textile terms see Terminology
Floor Covering
D123.
D6719 Guide for Standard Test Methods and Practices for
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
Evaluating Pile Yarn Floor Covering
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D6859 Test Method for Pile Thickness of Finished Level
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D6962 Practice for Operation of a Roller Chair Tester for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
D7241 Test Method for Pile Thickness of Finished Multi-
level Pile Yarn Floor Covering
2. Referenced Documents
D7267 Test Method for Edge Ravel Resistance of Finished
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Loop Pile, Pile Yarn Floor Covering
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D7330 Test Method for Assessment of Surface Appearance
D1335 Test Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Yarn Floor
ChangeinPileFloorCoveringsUsingStandardReference
Coverings
Scales
D2646 GuideforBackingFabricCharacteristicsofPileYarn
Floor Coverings
3. Terminology
D3936 Test Method for Resistance to Delamination of the
Secondary Backing of Pile Yarn Floor Covering 3.1 Definitions:
D5251 Practice for the Operation of the Tetrapod Walker
attached cushion, n—for pile yarn floor covering, a material,
Drum Tester (Withdrawn 2014)
bonded to the backing fabric side of a pile yarn floor
covering to provide additional dimensional stability,
thickness, and padding.
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.
DISCUSSION—Suchproductsasfoam,rubber,andurethaneareusedas
Current edition approved July 1, 2019. Published July 2019. Originally approved
attached cushion. D3936
in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D5684 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/
D5684-19A.
2 back coating, n—in textile floor covering, an adhesive com-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
poundappliedforsuchpurposeaslockingpileyarntuftsinto
Standards volume information, refer tot he standard’s Document Summary page on
a carpet backing, bonding a secondary backing to a primary
the ASTM website.
3 backing, increasing fabric body or stiffness and increasing
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. dimensional stability. D5793, D5848
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5684 − 19a
backing, n—in pile yarn floor covering, all materials in a pile delamination—See resistance to delamination.
floor covering other than the pile yarn. D5793, D5848, delamination strength—the tensile force required to separate
D6719 the component layers under specified force. [D13.21]
D3936, D5684
backing fabric, n—in textiles, a fabric into which a pile yarn
is inserted; or a reinforcing layer which is adhered to the
dents per unit width, n—for woven pile floor covering, the
reverse side of a fabric.
number of binding sites per unit width; dents being the reed
DISCUSSION—In woven and knitted pile yarn floor coverings the
spaces through which the warp yarns pass in the loom or the
backing fabric is created at the same time the pile yarn is bound to the
metal strips in the reed that form these spaces. D2646
backing fabric, but, in tufted pile yarn floor coverings, the backing
fabric is made prior to the operation in which the pile yarn is fastened
durability, n—for pile yarn floor coverings,apropertyofapile
to the backing fabric. D2646, D5793, D5848, D6719
yarnfloorcoveringdescribingtheabilitytomaintainspecific
physical properties or product integrity without deterioration
binding site, n—for pile yarn floor covering, a point at which
after a significant amount of time or a significant extended
the pile yarn is, or can be, bound to the backing fabric.
stress. D6962
DISCUSSION—In any machine-made pile yarn floor covering, the
binding sites occur in an orderly and repetitive array at uniform
edge ravel, n—in pile yarn floor covering,theforcerequiredto
intervals both in the lengthwise and widthwise directions of the pile
pull a tuft element from a loop pile yarn floor covering along
yarn floor covering. The nature of the binding sites differs among
a seam in the lengthwise direction. D7267
woven, knitted, and tufted pile yarn floor coverings. For example, the
binding site of a woven pile yarn floor covering consists of one or more
finished, adj—in textile floor covering materials, the comple-
filling shots under which the face yarn passes, whereas the binding site
tion of all manufacturing operations. D1335, D2646, D3936,
of a tufted pile yarn floor covering consists of a section of backing
D5251, D5252, D5417, D5793, D5823, D5848, D6119,
fabric between two adjacent needle holes in the lengthwise direction.
The number of pile yarn strands that can be fastened at one binding site D6283, D6540, D6719, D6859, D6962, D7241, D7267
can vary from one to several, according to the design. D5793,
finished pile yarn floor covering, n—in textile floor covering
D5252, D5848, D6283, D6719
materials, the pile yarn floor covering that has undergone all
buried pile yarn, n—for coated pile yarn floor covering, the
of the steps of the manufacturing process. D1335, D2646,
part of pile yarn tufts which is in or under the primary
D3936, D5251, D5252, D5417, D5793, D5823, D5848,
backing. D5793, D5848
D6119, D6283, D6540, D6719, D6859, D6962, D7241, D7267
carpet, n—a textile floor covering manufactured with natural
floor covering, n—an essentially planar material, having a
or synthetic yarns, the construction can be tufted, woven or
relatively small thickness in comparison to its length or
other method of manufacture to form a pile yarn use surface.
width, that is laid on a floor to enhance the beauty, comfort,
DISCUSSION—The floor covering may or may not be installed over
and utility of the floor. D1335, D2646, D3936, D5251,
cushion, attached to the floor by mechanical means, tack strips, or
adhesives. D1335, D2646, D3936, D5251, D5252, D5417,
D5793, D5848, D6119, D6283, D6540, D6719, D6859, D6962
carpet module, n—textile floor covering sections usually
having dimensions of less than 1 m . D5848
change in surface appearance—for pile yarn floor coverings,
the physical affect of changing the use-surface by mechani-
cal means or foot traffic.
DISCUSSION—The change in surface appearance is the cumulative
change in appearance between the unexposed and exposed test speci-
ad = cut pile tuft element
mens due to matting, crushing, and loss of tuft definition. D6119,
gj = loop pile tuft element
D6719
ab, cd, ef, gh, ij, jk = tuft legs
cd, ef = cut pile tuft leg pair
coefficient of friction, n—for pile yarn floor covering,theratio
ij, jk = loop pile tuft leg pair, a loop
of the horizontal component of force required to overcome
B = one binding site
or tend to overcome friction to the vertical component of the FIG. 1 Cross Section of Tufted Pile Yarn Floor Covering
object weight or normal force applied through the object
which tends to cause the friction.
D5252, D5417, D5793, D5823, D5848, D6119, D6283,
D6540, D6719, D6859, D6962, D7241, D7267
components, n—for pile yarn floor covering, the individual
yarn or fabric elements into which a pile yarn floor covering
foot traffic units, n—for pile floor covering, the number of
can be separated. D5793, D5848
passes by human walkers over a specific group of carpet
samples. D6119
crush, n—in pile yarn floor coverings, loss of tuft definition
due to entanglement and compression of pile fibers. D6119
friction, n—for pile yarn floor covering, the resistance devel-
cut pile yarn floor covering, n—a pile floor covering in which oped between the physical contacting surface of two bodies
the pile is composed of adjacent tuft elements that are when there is movement or tendency for movement of one
separated or cut (see Fig. 1). D1335, D5823, D6283 body relative to the other parallel to the plane of the contact.
D5684 − 19a
or different pile levels. Areas of intermingled cut and loop pile or
fusion bonding, n—in pile yarn floor covering, a method of
intermingled high and low level pile may also occur. D1335, D2646,
creating a carpet pile construction by attaching loops of yarn
D3936, D5251, D5252, D5417, D5793, D5823, D5848,
to a supporting adhesive material, usually PVC, to form
D6119, D6283, D6540, D6719, D6859, D6962, D7241
either cut or loop pile structures.
pile height, n—in determination of tuft height, a measurement
fuzzing, n—in pile yarn floor coverings, surface appearance
that uses a small graduated ruler inserted until it touches the
change due to the protrusion of broken or unbound fibers.
backing to measure the pile from the top surface of the
gage, n—of tufted pile yarn floor covering,theaveragedistance
primary backing to the top of the tuft.
between adjacent binding sites in the widthwise direction.
DISCUSSION—Pile height is typically used generically by manufactur-
[D13.21] D5793, D3936, D1335, D2646, D5252, D5417,
ing personnel in setting machinery and by laymen. This proce
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5684 − 19 D5684 − 19a
Standard Terminology
Relating to Pile Floor Coverings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5684; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of all terminology developed by Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Covering.Coverings.
1.2 This terminology is unique to the pile floor covering industry. Meanings ifof the same terms used outside the industry can
be found in other compilations or in other dictionaries of general usage.
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, D5684 is also useful for managing the Terminology of the Subcommittee.
1.4 Terms listed under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee D13.21.
1.5 For definitions of other textile terms see Terminology D123.
1.6 This terminology is a compilation of all terminology developed by Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Covering.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1335 Test Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
D2646 Guide for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
D3936 Test Method for Resistance to Delamination of the Secondary Backing of Pile Yarn Floor Covering
D5251 Practice for the Operation of the Tetrapod Walker Drum Tester (Withdrawn 2014)
D5252 Practice for the Operation of the Hexapod Tumble Drum Tester
D5417 Practice for Operation of the Vettermann Drum Tester
D5793 Test Method for Binding Sites per Unit Length or Width of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
D5823 Test Method for Tuft Height of Pile Floor Coverings
D5848 Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings (Withdrawn 2019)
D6119 Practice for Creating Surface Appearance Changes in Pile Yarn Floor Covering from Foot Traffic
D6283 Test Method for Tuft Element Length of Uncoated Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
D6540 Test Method for Accelerated Soiling of Pile Yarn Floor Covering
D6719 Guide for Standard Test Methods and Practices for Evaluating Pile Yarn Floor Covering
D6859 Test Method for Pile Thickness of Finished Level Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
D6962 Practice for Operation of a Roller Chair Tester for Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
D7241 Test Method for Pile Thickness of Finished Multilevel Pile Yarn Floor Covering
D7267 Test Method for Edge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile, Pile Yarn Floor Covering
D7330 Test Method for Assessment of Surface Appearance Change in Pile Floor Coverings Using Standard Reference Scales
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.
Current edition approved May 15, 2019July 1, 2019. Published June 2019July 2019. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20122019 as
D5684 – 12.D5684 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/D5684-19.10.1520/D5684-19A.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer tot he standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5684 − 19a
attached cushion, n—for pile yarn floor covering, a material, bonded to the backing fabric side of a pile yarn floor covering to
provide additional dimensional stability, thickness, and padding.
DISCUSSION—
Such products as foam, rubber, and urethane are used as attached cushion. D3936
back coating, n—in textile floor covering, an adhesive compound applied for such purpose as locking pile yarn tufts into a carpet
backing, bonding a secondary backing to a primary backing, increasing fabric body or stiffness and increasing dimensional
stability. D5793, D5848
backing , backing, n—in pile yarn floor covering, all materials in a pile floor covering other than the pile yarn. D5793, D5848,
D6719
backing fabric, n—in textiles, a fabric into which a pile yarn is inserted; or a reinforcing layer which is adhered to the reverse
side of a fabric.
DISCUSSION—
In woven and knitted pile yarn floor coverings the backing fabric is created at the same time the pile yarn is bound to the backing fabric, but, in tufted
pile yarn floor coverings, the backing fabric is made prior to the operation in which the pile yarn is fastened to the backing fabric. D2646, D5793,
D5848, D6719
binding site, n—for pile yarn floor covering, a point at which the pile yarn is, or can be, bound to the backing fabric.
DISCUSSION—
In any machine-made pile yarn floor covering, the binding sites occur in an orderly and repetitive array at uniform intervals both in the lengthwise
and widthwise directions of the pile yarn floor covering. The nature of the binding sites differs among woven, knitted, and tufted pile yarn floor
coverings. For example, the binding site of a woven pile yarn floor covering consists of one or more filling shots under which the face yarn passes,
whereas the binding site of a tufted pile yarn floor covering consists of a section of backing fabric between two adjacent needle holes in the lengthwise
direction. The number of pile yarn strands that can be fastened at one binding site can vary from one to several, according to the design. D5793,
D5252, D5848, D6283, D6719
buried pile yarn, n—for coated pile yarn floor covering, the part of pile yarn tufts which is in or under the primary backing.
D5793, D5848
carpet, n—a textile floor covering manufactured with natural or synthetic yarns, the construction can be tufted, woven or other
method of manufacture to form a pile yarn use surface.
DISCUSSION—
The floor covering may or may not be installed over cushion, attached to the floor by mechanical means, tack strips, or adhesives. D1335, D2646,
D3936, D5251, D5252, D5417, D5793, D5848, D6119, D6283, D6540, D6719, D6859, D6962
carpet module, n—textile floor covering sections usually having dimensions of less than 1 m . D5848
change in surface appearance—for pile yarn floor coverings,the physical affect of changing the use-surface by mechanical means
or foot traffic.
DISCUSSION—
The change in surface appearance is the cumulative change in appearance between the unexposed and exposed test specimens due to matting, crushing,
and loss of tuft definition. D6119, D6719
coefficient of friction, n—for pile yarn floor covering, the ratio of the horizontal component of force required to overcome or tend
to overcome friction to the vertical component of the object weight or normal force applied through the object which tends to
cause the friction.
components, n—for pile yarn floor covering, the individual yarn or fabric elements into which a pile yarn floor covering can be
separated. D5793, D5848
crush, n—in pile yarn floor coverings, loss of tuft definition due to entanglement and compression of pile fibers. D6119
D5684 − 19a
cut pile yarn floor covering, n—a pile floor covering in which the pile is composed of adjacent tuft elements that are separated
or cut (see Fig. 1). D1335, D5823, D6283
delamination—See resistance to delamination.
delamination strength—the tensile force required to separate the component layers under specified force. [D13.21] D3936,
D5684
dents per unit width, n—for woven pile floor covering, the number of binding sites per unit width; dents being the reed spaces
through which the warp yarns pass in the loom or the metal strips in the reed that form these spaces. D2646
durability, n—for pile yarn floor coverings, a property of a pile yarn floor covering describing the ability to maintain specific
physical properties or product integrity without deterioration after a significant amount of time or a significant extended stress.
D6962
edge ravel, n—in pile yarn floor covering, the force required to pull a tuft element from a loop pile yarn floor covering along a
seam in the lengthwise direction. D7267
finished, adj—in textile floor covering materials, the completion of all manufacturing operations. D1335, D2646, D3936, D5251,
D5252, D5417, D5793, D5823, D5848, D6119, D6283, D6540, D6719, D6859, D6962, D7241, D7267
finished pile yarn floor covering, n—in textile floor covering materials, the pile yarn floor covering that has undergone all of the
steps of the manufacturing process. D1335, D2646, D3936, D5251, D5252, D5417, D5793, D5823, D5848, D6119, D6283,
D6540, D6719, D6859, D6962, D7241, D7267
floor covering, n—an essentially planar material, having a relatively small thickness in comparison to its length or width, that is
laid on a floor to enhance the beauty, comfort, and utility of the floor. D1335, D2646, D3936, D5251, D5252, D5417, D5793,
ad = cut pile tuft element
gj = loop pile tuft element
ab, cd, ef, gh, ij, jk = tuft legs
cd, ef = cut pile tuft leg pair
ij, jk = loop pile tuft leg pair, a loop
B = one binding site
FIG. 1 Cross Section of Tufted Pile Yarn Floor Covering
D5823, D5848, D6119, D6283, D6540, D6719, D6859, D6962, D7241, D7267
foot traffic units, n—for pile floor covering, the number of passes by human walkers over a specific group of carpet samples.
D6119
friction, n—for pile yarn floor covering, the resistance developed between the physical contacting surface of two bodies when
there is movement or tendency for movement of one body relative to the other parallel to the plane of the contact.
fusion bonding, n—in pile yarn floor covering, a method of creating a carpet pile construction by attaching loops of yarn to a
supporting adhesive material, usually PVC, to form either cut or loop pile structures.
fuzzing, n—in pile yarn floor coverings, surface appearance change due to the protrusion of broken or unbound fibers.
gage, n—of tufted pile yarn floor covering, the average distance between adjacent binding sites in the widthwise direction.
[D13.21] D5793, D3936, D1335, D2646, D5252, D5417, D5823, D5848, D6119, D6283, D6719, D6859, D6962, D7241, D7267
lengthwise direction, n—for pile yarn floor covering, the direction in a machine-made textile floor covering parallel to the
direction of movement during the manufacturing process.
DISCUSSION—
D5684 − 19a
In machine-made goods the lengthwise direction in applicable to tufted and woven pile yarn floor coverings. D1335, D2646, D3936, D5251,
D5252, D5417, D5793, D5823, D5848, D6119,
...