ASTM D3507-97(2000)

Standard Test Methods for Penetration of Preservatives in Wood and for Differentiating Between Heartwood and Sapwood (Withdrawn 2008)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Preservatives of the metallic series and oil soluble preservatives are not readily apparent in a cross section of wood either due to similar color to the species of wood or lack of color of the preservative itself. Chemical staining of a treated specimen of wood reveals the presence of the preservative.
The sapwood and heartwood of Douglas-Fir and the pine species can be differentiated by a chemical stain.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining penetration of preservatives in wood in cases where demarcation between the treated and untreated wood is not readily visible. Included are test methods for differentiating the heartwood and the sapwood of wood samples for specific species, and a test method for differentiating the heartwoods between the red oaks and the white oaks.  
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:  Procedure Sections Penetration of Arsenic-Containing Preservatives 6 to 8 Penetration of Copper-Containing Preservatives 9 to 11 Penetration of Fluoride-Containing Preservatives 12 to 15 Penetration of Pentachlorophenol Using 4,4[prime]-bis-Dimethylamino-Triphenylmethane (DMTM) 16 to 20 Penetration of Pentachlorophenol Using a Silver-Copper Complex Known as "Penta-Check" 21 to 24 Penetration of Solvent Used With Oil-Soluble Preservatives 25 to 28 Penetration of Zinc-Containing Preservatives 29 to 32 Differentiating between Sapwood and Heartwood in Pine Species (Pinus sp.) 33 to 36 Differentiating between Sapwood and Heartwood in Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) 37 to 40 Differentiating between Sapwood and Heartwood in White Fir (Abies concolor) 41 to 44 Differentiating Between Woods of the Red Oak and the White Oak Species 45 to 48
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods cover procedures for determining penetration of preservatives in wood in cases where demarcation between the treated and untreated wood is not readily visible.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D07 on Wood, these test methods were withdrawn in October 2008. This standard was withdrawn with no replacement due to lack of use and relevancy in the industry.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 09-Jan-2000
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Sep-2008
• ICS: 71.100.50 - Wood-protecting chemicals
• Technical Committee: D07 - Wood
• Drafting Committee: D07.06 - Treatments for Wood Products

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D3507–97 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Methods for
Penetration of Preservatives in Wood and for Differentiating
Between Heartwood and Sapwood
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3507; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 Other Standards:
AWPAStandardA 3-84, Methods for Determining Penetra-
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining
tion of Preservatives and Fire Retardants
penetration of preservatives in wood in cases where demarca-
AWPA Standard M 2-83, for Inspection of Treated Timber
tion between the treated and untreated wood is not readily
Products
visible. Included are test methods for differentiating the heart-
AWPA Standard P 9-84, Standards for Solvents and For-
wood and the sapwood of wood samples for specific species,
mulations for Organic Preservative Systems
and a test method for differentiating the heartwoods between
the red oaks and the white oaks.
3. Summary of Test Methods
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
3.1 A specific chemical solution or powder for each preser-
Procedure Sections
vative is applied to a wood specimen or cross section of wood
Penetration of Arsenic-Containing Preservatives 6-8
to bring out a color that is distinctive for the particular
Penetration of Copper-Containing Preservatives 9-11
preservative.
Penetration of Fluoride-Containing Preservatives 12-15
3.2 A chemical solution, specific for a species of wood, is
Penetration of Pentachlorophenol Using 4,48-bis-Dimethylamino- 16-20
Triphenylmethane (DMTM)
applied to a wood specimen or cross section of wood to bring
Penetration of Pentachlorophenol Using a Silver-Copper Complex 21-24
out colors distinctive to sapwood and heartwood.
Known as “Penta-Check”
Penetration of Solvent Used With Oil-Soluble Preservatives 25-28
4. Significance and Use
Penetration of Zinc-Containing Preservatives 29-32
Differentiating between Sapwood and Heartwood in Pine Species 33-36
4.1 Preservatives of the metallic series and oil soluble
(Pinus sp.)
preservatives are not readily apparent in a cross section of
Differentiating between Sapwood and Heartwood in Douglas Fir 37-40
(Pseudotsuga menziesii)
wood either due to similar color to the species of wood or lack
Differentiating between Sapwood and Heartwood in White Fir 41-44
of color of the preservative itself. Chemical staining of a
(Abies concolor)
treated specimen of wood reveals the presence of the preser-
Differentiating Between Woods of the Red Oak and the White Oak 45-48
Species
vative.
Determination of Copper in Wood Using Rubeanic Acid 49-52
4.2 The sapwood and heartwood of Douglas-Fir and the
Determining Penetration of Copper-Containing Preservatives 53-56
pine species can be differentiated by a chemical stain.
Determination of the Presence of Hexavalant Chromium in 57-61
Treated Wood
5. Reagents
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Purity of Reagent—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
2. Referenced Documents
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
accuracy of the determination.
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
Available from American-Wood-Preservatives Assn., P.O. Box 286, Wood-
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-7 on stock, MD 21163-0286.
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.06.01 on Specifica- Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
tions and Chemical Analysis of Wood Preservatives. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
Current edition approved March 10, 1997. Published May 1997. Originally listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
published as D 3507 – 76. Last previous edition D 3507 – 92. Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
These test methods are substantially the same asAWPAStandardsA 3 and M 2. and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3507–97 (2000)
5.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references PENETRATION OF FLUORIDE-
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming CONTAININGPRESERVATIVES
to Specification D 1193, Type I or II.
12. Scope
PENETRATION OFARSENIC-CONTAINING
12.1 The mixed stock solutions will not work satisfactorily
PRESERVATIVES
after standing 1 h.Therefore, minimum quantities of the mixed
6. Apparatus
stock solutions should be made up to avoid wastage.
12.2 The surface of the wood should be well dried before
6.1 Balance.
6.2 Atomizers (Optional)—3. testing. Results are not reliable on wet surfaces.
6.3 Medicine Dropper.
13. Apparatus
7. Reagents
13.1 Atomizer.
7.1 Ammonium Molybdate ((NH ) Mo O ·4 H O).
4 6 7 24 2
13.2 Balance.
7.2 o-Anisidine.
13.3 Medicine Dropper.
7.3 Hydrochloric Acid (sp gr 1.19)—Concentrated hydro-
chloric acid (HCl).
14. Reagents
7.4 Hydrochloric Acid (1.7 %)—Mix 8.5 g of concentrated
14.1 Hydrochloric Acid (sp gr 1.19)—Concentrated hydro-
HCl (sp gr 1.19) with 491.5 g of water.
chloric acid (HCl).
7.5 Hydrochloric Acid (1+1)—Mix 1 volume of concen-
14.2 Sodium Alizarin Sulfonate.
trated HCl (sp gr 1.19) with 1 volume of water.
14.3 Solution 1—Mix 0.5 g of sodium alizarin sulfonate in
7.6 Solution 1—Dissolve 3.5 g of ammonium molybdate in
100.0 g of water.
90 mL of water, then add 9 mL of concentrated HCl.
14.4 Solution 2—Mix 0.5 g of zirconyl chloride in 30.0 g of
7.7 Solution 2—Dissolve1gof o-anisidine in 99 g of 1.7 %
HCl and 70.0 g of water.
HCl.
14.5 Solution, Mixed—Mix equal quantities of Solution 1
7.8 Solution 3—Dissolve 30 g of stannous chloride in 100
and Solution 2 by adding Solution 1 to 2 (red to white);
mL of HCl (1+1).
otherwise, a proper reaction will not take place.
7.9 Stannous Chloride (SnCl ·2 H O).
2 2
14.6 Zirconyl Chloride.
8. Procedure
8.1 Apply Solution 1 first, followed by Solution 2 and 15. Procedure
Solution 3 in that order. Apply the solutions by dropping the
15.1 Spray or drop the mixed solution on the surface of the
solution on the wood with a medicine dropper, by pouring the
split increment core or cross section of wood to be tested. The
solutions over the wood, or by spraying the solutions on the
atomizer should be held about 75 mm (3 in.) from the surface
wood using a fine mist sprayer. Allow 2 min between applica-
under test and the spraying continued until the surface can be
tion of each solution. Spraying is the preferred procedure.
seen to be wetted. No running of the condensed spray must
8.2 After Solution 3 is applied, the areas of the wood
take place. As the wood dries, the red color of the sprayed
specimen that contain arsenic will immediately turn blue. This
surface will change to yellow where fluoride is present. The
blue color may tend to fade but may be restored by another
reaction is somewhat slow but will be developed fully after 15
application of Solution 3.
min.An infrared lamp or laboratory oven set at no higher than
105°C will help accelerate the reaction. Make a second
PENETRATION OF COPPER-CONTAINING
application of spray when the surface has dried again in order
PRESERVATIVES
to obtain clearer definition.
9. Apparatus
PENETRATION OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL USING
9.1 Atomizer.
9.2 Graduate, 100-mL. 4,4*-bis-DIMETHYLAMINO-TRIPHENYLMETHANE
(DMTM)
9.3 Balance.
9.4 Medicine Dropper.
16. Scope
10. Reagents
16.1 The test may become less selective as a solution of
10.1 Chrome Azurol S.
DMTM in acetone ages. Therefore, only freshly prepared
10.2 Chrome Azurol S–Sodium Acetate Solution—Dissolve
solutions should be used.
0.5 g of chrome azurol S and 5.0 g of sodium acetate in 80 mL
16.2 The method is not suitable for determining penetration
of water and dilute to 500 mL.
in wood treated with pentachlorophenol dissolved in conven-
10.3 Sodium Acetate.
tional TypeAhydrocarbon solvents (seeAWPAStandard P 9).
11. Procedure
11.1 Spray the solution over split increment cores or freshly
cutsurfacesofthetreatedsample.Adeepbluecolorrevealsthe
Fisher Z-80 or an equivalent have been found suitable and is available from
presence of copper. Fisher Scientific Co., Pittsburgh, PA.
D3507–97 (2000)
16.3 Since the solution is basically a stain, any unused PENETRATION OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL USING
portion should be disposed of with care. If kept in the A SILVER-COPPER COMPLEX KNOWN AS “PENTA-
laboratory, the solution will dry, becoming a greenish dust CHECK”
which may stain clothing and equipment.
21. Scope
17. Apparatus
21.1 Thistestmethodusesablendofcopperandsilverions,
and reddish colored copper pentachlorophenate is formed
17.1 Balance, accurate to 0.1 g.
where pentachlorophenol is present. Untreated earlywood
17.2 Eye Dropper.
(springwood) and heartwood of southern pine and ponderosa
17.3 Erlenmeyer Flask, 125-mL.
pine are colored green. Untreated Douglas fir is colored
17.4 Graduated Cylinder, 100-mL.
yellowish to olive.
17.5 Infrared Lamp, 115 to 125-V, 250-W. 21.2 The exact mechanism of the silver ions is not known
but in their presence a redder color is formed than with copper
17.6 Spatula.
alone.
17.7 Support for Lamp.
21.3 This test method is recommended for determining the
penetration in wood of pentachlorophenol dissolved in light-
18. Reagents
colored hydrocarbon solvents of all conventional types, that is,
18.1 Acetone.
Types A, B, C, and D (see AWPA Standard P 9). Excessively
18.2 4,48-bis-Dimethylamino-Triphenylmethane (DMTM). dark treatments tend to obscure the color. The penetration of
pentachlorophenolindark-coloredTypeAhydrocarbonsolvent
18.3 Solution—The stain consists of 0.5 g of DMTM
should be judged by visual examination without staining. This
dissolvedin75mLofacetone.Inmakingthesolution,thesolid
method is not suitable for determining penetration in the
dye is weighed on the balance into a 125-mLErlenmeyer flask.
heartwood of redwood (Sequoia sempervirens).
Acetone is poured into the flask and the dye is dissolved by
swirling gently. Solution should be made up fresh each day
22. Apparatus
unless stored under refrigeration.
22.1 Atomizer.
19. Procedure 22.2 Balance.
22.3 Medicine Dropper.
19.1 With an eyedropper (Note 1), place several drops of
freshly prepared stain on a cross section or the end grain of an
23. Reagents
increment core. Usually 4 to 6 drops per 25.4-mm (1.0-in.)
23.1 Cupric Acetate.
length of core is sufficient to soak the surface thoroughly.
23.2 Isopropyl Alcohol (99 %), commercial grade.
NOTE 1—An eye dropper is recommended rather than dipping the 23.3 Silver Acetate.
sample in stain solution. If samples are dipped, there is a possibility of
23.4 Solution 1—Stir 4.0 g of cupric acetate in 100.0 g of
solutioncontaminationbypentachlorophenolfromonesampletothenext.
water until dissolved, and then add 0.5 g of Tergitol XD. The
This will not occur when a dropper is used.
XD is semisolid at normal temperatures and it is best to heat
this until liquid and then add to the blend with mixing until the
19.2 Allow the surface of the samples to dry for 10 to 15 s;
then place them under the infrared lamp at 75 to 100 mm (3 to solution clears.
23.5 Solution 2—Stir 0.4 g of silver acetate in 100.0 g of
4 in.) distance beneath the lamp. The test may be conducted,
however, without the use of a lamp. water until dissolved.
23.6 Solution, Mixed—Prepare the stain solution in the
19.3 After an exposure of 2 to 3 min under the lamp,
following preparations:
maximum reaction will have taken place. If no lamp is used,
Volume, %
maximum reaction will take place in 5 to 10 min.
Solution 1 25
19.4 The presence of pentachlorophenol is indicated by the
Solution 2 25
development of a green color on the surface of the wood. Water 25
Isopropyl alcohol 25
NOTE 2—The reaction is positive when freshly prepared solutions are
used. When it is necessary to use old solutions (24 h or older), a faint 7
23.7 Tergitol XD.
greenish cast appears even on the surface of untreated wood.
24. Procedure
20. Precision
24.1 Apply the mixed solution to cross sections of wood or
20.1 This test method will detect quantities of 0.8 kg/m
split increment cores and observe the rapid formation of red
3 3
(0.05lb/ft )readily,andfrequentlywilldetect0.16kg/m (0.01
copper pentachlorophenate.Application may be by small hand
lb/ft ).
spray or by medicine dropper.
6 7
Westinghouse clean glass heat lamp or an equivalent have been found Tergitol XD has been found suitable and is available from Union Carbide
satisfactory. Chemical Co., 270 Park Ave., New York, NY 10017.
D3507–97 (2000)
PENETRATION OF SOLVENT USED WITH OIL- 31. Reagents
SOLUBLE PRESERVATIVES
31.1 Potassium Ferricyanide.
31.2 Potassium Iodide.
25. Scope
31.3 Starch, soluble.
25.1 This test method is designed exclusively for determin- 31.4 Solution—Dissolve1gof potassium ferricyanide in
ingpenetrationofpentachlorophenoldissolvedinlight-colored
100 mL of water and dissolve1gof potassium iodide in 100
hydrocarbon solvent Type A (see AWPA Standard P 9). The mL of water. Make a paste of1gof soluble starch in about 5
penetration of pentachlorophenol in dark-colored Type A
mL of water and boil 1 min with constant stirring. Cool. Mix
hydrocarbon solvent should be judged by visual examination 10mLofeachofthethreestocksolutionsandpourintoaclean
without staining.
atomizer or bottle.
26. Apparatus 32. Procedure
26.1 Atomizer or Small Brush. 32.1 Spray the solution evenly over the reasonably dry split
26.2 Balance. increment core or cross section of wood. The reaction between
26.3 Mortar and Pestle. the zinc and the indicator solution will cause the treated wood
toturnadeepblueinstantly,whiletheuntreatedpartwillretain
27. Reagents
its original color. The method is positive. Should the color
...