ASTM D4599-03(2009)e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Measuring the Concentration of Toxic Gases or Vapors Using Length-of-Stain Dosimeters
Standard Practice for Measuring the Concentration of Toxic Gases or Vapors Using Length-of-Stain Dosimeters
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 29 CFR 1910.1000 Subpart Z designates that certain gases and vapors present in work place atmospheres must be controlled so that their concentrations do not exceed specified limits. Other countries have similar regulations.
This practice will provide a means for the determination of airborne concentrations of certain gases and vapors listed in 29 CFR 1910.1000 and in other countries’ regulations.
A partial list of chemicals for which this practice is applicable is presented in Annex A1 with current Threshold Limit Values (TLV) (2) and typical measurement ranges for the selected chemicals as obtained from various manufacturer's specifications.
This practice may be used for either personal or area monitoring.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the detection and measurement of time weighted average (TWA) concentrations of toxic gases or vapors using length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeter tubes. A list of some of the gases and vapors that can be detected by this practice is provided in Annex A1. This list is given as a guide and should be considered neither absolute nor complete.
1.2 Length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeters work by diffusional sampling. The results are immediately available by visual observation; thus no auxiliary sampling, test nor analysis equipment are needed. The dosimeters, therefore, are extremely simple to use and very cost effective.
1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4599 − 03(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Practice for
Measuring the Concentration of Toxic Gases or Vapors
Using Length-of-Stain Dosimeters
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4599; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Reapproved with editorial changes in October 2009.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to
1.1 This practice describes the detection and measurement
of time weighted average (TWA) concentrations of toxic gases Terminology D1356.
orvaporsusinglength-of-staincolorimetricdosimetertubes.A
4. Summary of Practice
listofsomeofthegasesandvaporsthatcanbedetectedbythis
practice is provided in AnnexA1. This list is given as a guide
4.1 Length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeters consist of a
and should be considered neither absolute nor complete.
sealed glass tube containing a detector inside the tube (1-5).
The detector is a length of granulated material impregnated
1.2 Length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeters work by diffu-
with a reactive chemical that is sensitive to the particular gas
sional sampling. The results are immediately available by
for which the dosimeter is designed. To use the tube, one end
visualobservation;thusnoauxiliarysampling,testnoranalysis
is opened. The gas, if present, diffuses into the tube and reacts
equipment are needed. The dosimeters, therefore, are ex-
with the chemical reagent on the carrier material, causing the
tremely simple to use and very cost effective.
latter to change color. Each lot of dosimeters is individually
1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the
calibratedsothatbymeasuringthelengthofstainandthetime
standard.
ofexposure,theTWAconcentrationtowhichthedosimeterhas
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
been exposed can be determined directly and immediately.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Information on the correct use of length of stain dosim-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
eter tubes is presented.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administra-
2. Referenced Documents
tion (OSHA) in 29 CFR 1910.1000 Subpart Z designates that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
certain gases and vapors present in work place atmospheres
D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
must be controlled so that their concentrations do not exceed
Atmospheres
specified limits. Other countries have similar regulations.
2.2 Other Document:
5.2 Thispracticewillprovideameansforthedetermination
U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Standard—Title
of airborne concentrations of certain gases and vapors listed in
291910.1000 Subpart Z
29 CFR 1910.1000 and in other countries’regulations.
5.3 A partial list of chemicals for which this practice is
applicable is presented in Annex A1 with current Threshold
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air
LimitValues(TLV) (2)andtypicalmeasurementrangesforthe
Qualityand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on WorkplaceAir
selected chemicals as obtained from various manufacturer’s
Quality.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
specifications.
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4599–03. DOI:
5.4 This practice may be used for either personal or area
10.1520/D4599-03R09E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
monitoring.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
Code of Federal Regulations, available from U.S. Government Printing Office, The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references appended to
Washington, DC 20402. this practice.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4599 − 03 (2009)
6. Interferences dm
dl 5 (2)
kA
6.1 The instructions may provide correction factors to be
applied when certain interferences are present. Some common
where:
interfering gases or vapors for each dosimeter are listed in the
k = absorption capacity of a layer element, ng/cm , and
instruction sheets for the dosimeter provided by the manufac-
A = cross-sectional area of the reagent layer, cm (assumed
turers
constant).
7. Apparatus
Thisprocess,calledchemisorption,hasthefollowingeffects
on the remaining measuring process:
7.1 Dosimeter Tube:
7.1.1 General Description—A length-of-stain dosimeter 9.1.1 Since the gas molecules to be measured are bound
tube consists of a glass tube containing an inert granular chemically, they are practically no longer present in the
material impregnated with a chemical system that reacts with
atmosphere directly above the granular carrier material. Thus,
the gas or vapor of interest. As a result of this reaction, the additional sample molecules are able to flow into the detector
impregnated chemical changes color. The granular material is
tube according to Fick’s First Law of Diffusion, since the
heldinplacewithintheglasstubebyporousplugsofasuitable
concentration gradient ∆c is maintained.
inert material. To protect the contents during storage, the ends
9.1.2 The effect of the color zone formed in the process is
of the glass tube are flame sealed. The calibration scale is
thatthesubsequentcontaminantmoleculesmustcoveralonger
printed on the tube to make it easy to read the length of stain
diffusionpath,l,untiltheyreachtheunusedreagentlayer.This
of reacted chemical.
means that the diffusion path, l, as defined in the diffusion law,
7.1.2 Stability on Storage—Stability on storage may vary
isnotconstant,butbecomesgreaterwithprogressiveexposure.
depending on manufacturer and type of dosimeter, but most
The transport rate dm/dt of the sample molecules decreases in
dosimeter tubes can be stored for at least 24 months with no
theprocess.Theslowdowninmasstransporthasadirecteffect
deleterious effects.
on the shape of the calibration curves of the indicating tubes.
7.2 TubeHolders—Duringuse,thedosimetertubeisheldin
The mathematical correlation can be traced to Formulas 1 and
a lightweight, plastic holder. The tube holder protects the
2. Eliminating the contaminant mass, dm, from Eq 1 and 2 and
dosimeter during use and also helps to minimize effects of air
integrating yields:
currentsonperformance.Theholderhasaclipthatallowsitto
1 t k
befastenedtoacollarorpocketduringpersonalsamplingorto
c [ * ∆cdt 5 3l (3)
S D
TWA
t 2Dt
some appropriate object during area sampling.
where c is the time-weighted average of the time-
TWA
8. Reagents
dependent concentration, ∆c. Calibration curves described by
8.1 Thereagentsusedtoimpregnatethegranularmaterialin
this equation are not linear, but have the shape of a parabola
the dosimeters are specific for each tube, and, to dete
...
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