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ASTM D704-99(2004)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Melamine-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds

Standard Specification for Melamine-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds

ABSTRACT
This specification covers compression molding, thermosetting, melamine-formaldehyde molding compounds, resin binder, with or without other resins, intimately combined with fillers, pigments, and any chemical agents needed. The molding compounds shall conform to the requirements specified. Tests shall be performed to determine the properties of the material in accordance with the following test methods: bulk factor; specific gravity; water absorption; impact resistance; flexural strength; deflection temperature; dielectric strength; permittivity and dissipation factor; arc resistance; shrinkage; and comparative tracking index.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers compression molding, thermosetting, melamine-formaldehyde molding compounds as further defined in , resin binder, with or without other resins, intimately combined with fillers, pigments, and any chemical agents needed.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Note 1The properties included in this specification are those required to identify the types of molding compounds covered. There may be other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics. These will be added to the specification as their inclusion becomes generally desirable and the necessary test data and methods become available. Transfer or injection molding will usually result in different physical and electrical characteristics than compression molding.Note 2
ISO 2122-1977(E) is similar but not equivalent to this specification. Product classification and characterization are not equivalent.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2004
ICS
83.140.99 - Other rubber and plastics products
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.16 - Thermosetting Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D704-99 - Standard Specification for Melamine-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004

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ASTM D704-99(2004) - Standard Specification for Melamine-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D704 −99(Reapproved 2004)
Standard Specification for
Melamine-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D731 Test Method for Molding Index of Thermosetting
Molding Powder
1.1 This specification covers compression molding,
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
thermosetting, melamine-formaldehyde molding compounds
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
as further defined in 4.1, resin binder, with or without other
als
resins, intimately combined with fillers, pigments, and any
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
chemical agents needed.
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
standard.
D1895 Test Methods forApparent Density, Bulk Factor, and
Pourability of Plastic Materials
NOTE1—Thepropertiesincludedinthisspecificationarethoserequired
to identify the types of molding compounds covered. There may be other
D1896 Practice for Transfer Molding Test Specimens of
requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics.These will be
Thermosetting Compounds
added to the specification as their inclusion becomes generally desirable
D3638 Test Method for Comparative Tracking Index of
and the necessary test data and methods become available. Transfer or
Electrical Insulating Materials
injection molding will usually result in different physical and electrical
D3795 Test Method for Thermal Flow, Cure, and Behavior
characteristics than compression molding.
NOTE 2—ISO 2122-1977(E) is similar but not equivalent to this
Properties of PourableThermosetting Materials byTorque
specification. Product classification and characterization are not equiva-
Rheometer
lent.
D3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
D5224 PracticeforCompressionMoldingTestSpecimensof
2. Referenced Documents
Thermosetting Molding Compounds
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D6289 Test Method for Measuring Shrinkage from Mold
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
Dimensions of Molded Thermosetting Plastics
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
2.2 ASTM Manual:
at Commercial Power Frequencies
Manual 7A Manual on Presentation of Data and Control
D150 Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
Chart Analysis, Seventh Edition
tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum 2.3 ISO Standard:
Impact Resistance of Plastics ISO 2122-1977(E) Plastics—Aminoplastic Molding
D495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc Materials—Specification
Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
D570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics 3. Terminology
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of technical terms pertain-
D648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics
ing to plastics used in this specification seeTerminologyD883.
Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
4. Classification
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
4.1 The molding compounds covered by this specification
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.16 on Thermosetting
shall be designated by types, based upon their principal
Materials.
characteristics and the fillers used.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published December 2004. Originally
approved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D704 - 99. DOI:
10.1520/D0704-99R04.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request MNL7A.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D704−99 (2004)
4.1.1 Type 1—General-purpose compound with cellulose 6.2 Therequiredplasticityshallbeagreeduponbetweenthe
filler,availableincolors,white,andblack.Suitableforgeneral, purchaser and producer or supplier. Test Methods D731 and
mechanical, and electrical applications. D3795 are suggested for measuring plasticity and rate of cure.
4.1.2 Type 2—A mineral- and flock-filled compound for
6.3 The requirements in Table 1 shall be considered as
industrial uses involving elevated-temperature and electrical
minimum or maximum average values. Individual test results
applications.
may vary 610 % from the average, in most cases (Note 5). In
4.1.3 Type 3—Acompound with chopped cotton-cloth filler,
the case of arc resistance, all test results must be averaged,
having greater impact strength than the other Types 1 through
when practicable, and the range of test results must always be
7.
reported. For all other tests, a single result beyond the range of
4.1.4 Type 5—Unreinforced molding compound with high
four times the estimated standard deviation must be discarded,
translucency, particularly suited for small pearlescent mold-
retests made, and the resulting value substituted for the
ings.
discarded value (Note 6).
4.1.5 Type 6—A wood-filled compound for general indus-
trial uses involving mechanical and electric applications. NOTE 5—The moisture content of the molding compound and the
molded part, as well as mold design, molding process, and molding
4.1.6 Type 7—SimilartoType6,butwithcellulosefillerand
conditions, also influence test results.
improved insert-holding properties.
NOTE 6—A method for determining 99 % confidence limits is given in
4.1.7 Type 8—Aglass-fiber-reinforced compound with high
Manual 7A.
impact strength and good electrical properties.
4.1.8 Type 9—Short-fiber, glass-filled compound with good
7. Sampling
dimensional stability and mechanical properties.
7.1 Abatch or lot shall be considered as a unit of manufac-
4.1.9 Type 10—Aglass fiber-filled compound, with medium
ture and may consist of a blend of two or more production runs
impact strength.
of compound.
4.1.10 Type 11—A glass-filled, chopped strand compound
with extremely high impact strength and good arc resist
...

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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 12, of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7258-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Polymeric Piles

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the physical and performance requirements for round and rectangular cross-section polymeric piles in axial and lateral load-bearing applications including, by not limited to, marine, waterfront, and corrosive environments. It does not apply to individual polymeric pile products, sheet piles, and other mechanically connected polymeric pile products using inter-locking systems. Covered here are six types of polymeric piles that are fabricated from materials that may be virgin, recycled, or both, as long as the finished product meets all of the criteria specified herein. These types are: Type I, polymeric only; Type II, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of chopped, milled or continuous fiber or mineral; Type III, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of metallic bars, cages, or shapes; Type IV, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of non-metallic bars or cages; Type V, polymeric composite tube with a concrete core; and Type VI, any other polymeric piling meeting the requirements stated herein and not otherwise described by Types I through V. The polymeric tiles shall adhere to specified physical attributes such as size, cross-sectional shape, length, straightness, placement of reinforcement, and surface conditions. The performance requirements which pile specimens shall conform to include creep rupture, serviceability, flexural properties, shear strength, bearing strength, design flexural stiffness, energy absorption, compressive strength, combined stresses, dimensional stability (thermal expansion), hygrothermal cycling, and flame spread index.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification addresses the use of round and rectangular cross-section polymeric piles in axial and lateral load-bearing applications, including but not limited to marine, waterfront, and corrosive environments.  
1.2 This specification is only applicable to individual polymeric pile products. Sheet pile and other mechanically connected polymeric pile products using inter-locking systems, are not part of this specification.  
1.3 The piling products considered herein are characterized by the use of polymers, whereby (1) the pile strength or stiffness requires the inclusion of the polymer, or (2) a minimum of fifty percent (50 %) of the weight or volume is derived from the polymer. The type classifications of polymeric piles described in Section 4 show how they can be reinforced by composite design for increased stiffness or strength.  
1.4 This specification covers polymeric piles fabricated from materials that are virgin, recycled, or both, as long as the finished product meets all of the criteria specified herein. Diverse types and combinations of inorganic filler systems are permitted in the manufacturing of polymeric piling products. Inorganic fillers include such materials as talc, mica, silica, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, etc. Pilings are often placed in service where they will be subjected to continuous damp or wet exposure conditions. Due to concerns of water sensitivity and possible affects on mechanical properties in such service conditions, organic fillers, including lignocellulosic materials such as those made or derived from wood, wood flour, flax shive, rice hulls, wheat straw, and combinations thereof, are not permitted in the manufacturing of polymeric piling products.  
1.5 The values are stated in inch-pound units as these are currently the most common units used by the construction industry.  
1.6 Polymeric piles under this specification are designed using design stresses determined in accordance with Test Methods D6108, D6109, and D6112 and procedures contained within this specification unless otherwise specified.  
1.7 Although in some instances it will be an important component of the pile design, frictional properties are currently beyond the scope of this document.  
1.8 Criteria for design are included as part of this specification for polymeric piles. Certain Types and...

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ASTM
ASTM D7486-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fines and Dust Particles on Plastic Pellets by Wet Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Molding and extruding plastic pellets require dust free, dry pellets to prevent processing problems. Plastic producers try to remove the dust and streamers with dust removal systems prior to packaging and loading. How to accurately measure dust and streamer content in plastic pellets is an important quality control issue.  
5.2 Particle size analysis is used to determine a percentage of particle size distribution from a representative sample of the whole. In terms of size analysis concerning plastic pellets, sieving is used to determine the dust content in the range of 500 to 2000 micron. Test Method D1921, Test Method B, is used to determine this type of particle sizing.  
5.3 After dry sieve analysis, particles smaller than 500 microns need to be analyzed by wet method. A fresh sample shall be used for wet analysis. This test method allows washing down the fines attached to the pellets by electrostatic forces.  
5.4 The wet analysis provides accurate quantification of small to large amounts of fines, negating static effects, and eliminating detrimental effects of mechanical agitation. A wet analysis must be employed to accurately quantify lower PPM dust levels in plastic pellets.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the amount of fine particles adhered on plastic pellets or granules in which they are commonly produced and supplied. The lower limit of this test method is restricted only by the porosity of the filter disc used to capture the particle size being quantified.  
1.2 The wet analysis technique allows for separation and collection of statically charged particles by liquid wash and filtration methods. This must be performed under standard laboratory conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This test method describes an essential practice to check the quality of plastics once the production cycle is terminated and to evaluate the performance of pellet cleaning systems or of the special pneumatic conveying systems for the distinct size fractions below 500 micron only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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