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ASTM E1042-22

(Classification)

Standard Classification for Acoustically Absorptive Materials Applied by Trowel or Spray

Standard Classification for Acoustically Absorptive Materials Applied by Trowel or Spray

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Acoustically absorptive materials are used for the control of reverberation and echoes in rooms. This standard provides a classification method for acoustically absorptive materials applied directly to surfaces by trowel or by spray.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers materials applied by trowel or spray to surfaces for the purpose of increasing their acoustical absorption.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jul-2022
ICS
91.120.20 - Acoustics in building. Sound insulation
Technical Committee
E33 - Building and Environmental Acoustics
Drafting Committee
E33.04 - Application of Acoustical Materials and Systems
Current Stage
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E1042 −22
Standard Classification for
Acoustically Absorptive Materials Applied by Trowel or
1
Spray
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1042; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope definitions given in Terminology C634. The definitions within
Terminology C634 and this standard take precedence over any
1.1 This classification covers materials applied by trowel or
other definitions of defined terms found in any other
spray to surfaces for the purpose of increasing their acoustical
documents, including other documents that may be referenced
absorption.
in this standard.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 4. Significance and Use
standard.
4.1 Acoustically absorptive materials are used for the con-
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
trol of reverberation and echoes in rooms. This standard
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
provides a classification method for acoustically absorptive
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
materials applied directly to surfaces by trowel or by spray.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5. Basis of Classification
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Classification is made according to type of material,
acoustical properties, flame spread, and dust propensity.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 Material Type—Classification of acoustically absorptive
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
material according to material type is as follows:
C423 Test Method for SoundAbsorption and SoundAbsorp-
5.2.1 Type I—Material is cementitious. Type I ingredients
tion Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method
shall be uniformly mixed and ready for use by the addition of
C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental
water.When received, the material in the container shall be dry
Acoustics
and shall not be caked or sticky. After the material has been
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
properly mixed with the amount of water specified by the
Building Materials
manufacturer, the material shall be of such a consistency that it
E795 Practices for Mounting Test Specimens During Sound
can be applied with a plastering trowel or with a suitable
Absorption Tests
plaster-spraying machine.
E859 Test Method forAir Erosion of Sprayed Fire-Resistive
5.2.2 Type II, Material is fibrous. Type II material shall
Materials (SFRMs) Applied to Structural Members
consist of mineral or organic fiber with an integrally mixed
binder, or it may be supplied for use with a liquid binder added
3. Terminology
at the time of application.
3.1 Terms used in this standard are defined either in Termi-
5.2.3 Type III, Material is cellular plastic and is intended for
nology C634 or within this standard. The definition of terms
application over beams, walls, ceilings, and columns. Type III
explicitly given within this standard take precedence over
materials are normally designed to be mixed at the time of
application.
1
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 on
5.3 Noise Reduction Coeffıcient—Classification of acousti-
Building and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
cally absorptive material according to its noise reduction
mittee E33.04 on Application of Acoustical Materials and Systems.
coefficient (NRC) shall be as follows:
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally
approved 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as E1042 – 02 (2021). DOI:
10.1520/E1042-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1042−22
5.4.3 Class (c)—The flame-spread index shall not exceed
NRC Grade Designation Minimum Acceptable
NRC or SAA
200 on the exposed surface when tested in accordance with
Test Method E84.
NRC 95 0.95
NRC 90 0.90
NOTE 4—For example:AType II, NRC 50, at
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1042 − 02 (Reapproved 2021) E1042 − 22
Standard Classification for
Acoustically Absorptive Materials Applied by Trowel or
1
Spray
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1042; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This classification covers materials applied by trowel or spray to surfaces for the purpose of increasing their acoustical
absorption.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Absorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method
C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
E795 Practices for Mounting Test Specimens During Sound Absorption Tests
E859 Test Method for Air Erosion of Sprayed Fire-Resistive Materials (SFRMs) Applied to Structural Members
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 The acoustical terminology used in this classification is consistent with Terminology C634.
3.1.2 Sound absorption average (SAA)—a single number rating, the average, rounded off to the nearest 0.01, of the sound
absorption coefficients of a material for the twelve one-third octave bands from 200 through 2500 Hz, inclusive, measured
according to Test Method C423.
3.1 Terms used in this standard are defined either in Terminology C634 or within this standard. The definition of terms explicitly
given within this standard take precedence over definitions given in Terminology C634. The definitions within Terminology C634
1
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 on Building and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E33.04
on Application of Acoustical Materials and Systems.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021Aug. 1, 2022. Published February 2021September 2022. Originally approved 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20142021 as
E1042 – 02 (2014).(2021). DOI: 10.1520/E1042-02R21.10.1520/E1042-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1042 − 22
and this standard take precedence over any other definitions of defined terms found in any other documents, including other
documents that may be referenced in this standard.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Acoustically absorptive materials are used for the control of reverberation and echoes in rooms. This standard provides a
classification method for acoustically absorptive materials applied directly to surfaces by trowel or by spray.
5. Basis of Classification
5.1 Classification is made according to type of material, acoustical properties, flame spread, and dust propensity.
5.2 Material Type—Classification of acoustically absorptive material according to material type is as follows:
5.2.1 Type I—Material is cementitious. Type I ingredients shall be uniformly mixed and ready for use by the addition of water.
When received, the material in the container shall be dry and shall not be caked or sticky. After the material has been properly
mixed with the amount of water specified by the manufacturer, the material shall be of such a consistency that it can be applied
with a plastering trowel or with a suitable plaster-spraying machine.
5.2.2 Type II, Material is fibrous. Type II material shall consist of mineral or organic fiber with an integrally mixed binder, or it
may be supplied for use with a liquid binder added at the time of application.
5.2.3 Type III,
...

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ASTM C423-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Absorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Measurement of the sound absorption of a room is part of the procedure for other acoustical measurements, such as determining the sound power level of a noise source or the sound transmission loss of a partition. It is also used in certain calculations such as predicting the sound pressure level in a room when the sound power level of a noise source in the room is known.  
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5.3 Diffraction effects4 usually cause the apparent area of a specimen to be greater than its geometrical area, thereby increasing the coefficients measured according to this test method. When the test specimen is highly absorptive, these values may exceed unity.  
5.4 The coefficients measured by this test method should be used with caution because not only are the areas encountered in practical usage usually larger than the test specimen, but also the sound field is rarely diffuse. In the laboratory, measurements must be made under reproducible conditions, but in practical usage the conditions that determine the effective absorption are often unpredictable. Regardless of the differences and the necessity for judgment, coefficients measured by this test method have been used successfully by architects and consultants in the acoustical design of architectural spaces.  
5.5 Field Measurements—When sound absorption measurements are made in a building in which the size and shape of the room are not under the operator's control, the approximation to a diffuse sound field is not likely to be very close. This matter should be considered when assessing the accuracy of measurements made under field conditions. (See Te...
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room by measuring decay rate. Procedures for measuring the absorption of a room, the absorption of an object, such as an office screen, and the sound absorption coefficients of a specimen of sound absorptive material, such as acoustical ceiling tile, are described.  
1.2 Field Measurements—Although this test method covers laboratory measurements, the test method described in 4.1 can be used for making field measurements of the absorption of rooms (see also 5.5). A method to measure the absorption of rooms in the field is described in Test Method E2235.  
1.3 This test method includes information on laboratory accreditation (see Annex A1), asymmetrical screens (see Annex A2), and reverberation room qualification (see Annex A3).  
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ASTM E795-23(Practice)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The sound absorption of a material that covers a flat surface depends not only on the physical properties of the material but also on the way in which the material is mounted over the surface. The mountings specified in these practices are intended to simulate in the laboratory conditions that exist in normal use.  
4.2 Some of the specified mountings require special fixtures or minor deviations from normal practice. These fixtures or deviations are to be used only during laboratory tests and should not be specified for practical installations. They are noted in the specifications for the mountings in question by the phrase “for laboratory testing only.”  
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SCOPE
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is an in situ method, that is, the measurements are made at the actual installation. The sound levels measured according to this test method should be representative for that installation and for the quantity of acoustical absorption actually, permanently present.  
5.2 The test method has the following limitations:  
5.2.1 The test method produces sound data which may be compared with applicable criteria or limits only if they are in terms of the quantities measured in this test method.  
5.2.2 The test method does not quantify certain subjective aspects of the sound environment that may be objectionable. These include pure tones, spectral content, and temporal distribution.
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1.1 This test method provides guidance to the methodology used in the measurement of building interior sound levels.  
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1.4.2 Effects from exterior sources such as aircraft, railroad operations, motor vehicles, mining operation, weapons fire, etc.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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FIG. 1 Direct (D) and Some Indirect or Flanking Paths (F and Dotted) in a Building  
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1.1 This terminology covers terms, related definitions, and descriptions of terms used or likely to be used in building and environmental acoustics standards. Definitions of terms are special-purpose definitions that are consistent with the standard definitions but are written to ensure that a specific building and environmental acoustics standard is properly understood and precisely interpreted. The primary focus of this document is upon terms, definitions and descriptions found within standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33; however, terms, definitions and descriptions that are of general interest to the field of acoustics are also included.  
1.2 This building and environmental acoustics standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The specific airflow resistance of an acoustical material is one of the properties that determine its sound-absorptive and sound-transmitting properties. Measurement of specific airflow resistance is useful during product development, for quality control during manufacture, and for specification purposes.  
5.2 Valid measurements are made only in the region of laminar airflow where, aside from random measurement errors, the airflow resistance (R = P/U) is constant. When the airflow is turbulent, the apparent airflow resistance increases with an increase of volume velocity and the term “airflow resistance” does not apply.  
5.3 The specific airflow resistance measured by this test method may differ from the specific resistance measured by the impedance tube method in Test Method E384 for two reasons. In the presence of sound, the particle velocity inside a porous material is alternating while in this test method, the velocity is constant and in one direction only. Also, the particle velocity inside a porous material is not the same as the linear velocity measured outside the specimen.
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of airflow resistance and the related measurements of specific airflow resistance and airflow resistivity of porous materials that can be used for the absorption and attenuation of sound. Materials cover a range from thick boards or blankets to thin mats, fabrics, papers, and screens. When the material is anisotropic, provision is made for measurements along different axes of the specimen.  
1.2 This test method is designed for the measurement of values of specific airflow resistance ranging from 100 to 10 000 mks rayls (Pa·s/m) with linear airflow velocities ranging from 0.5 mm/s to 50 mm/s and pressure differences across the specimen ranging from 0.1 Pa to 250 Pa. The upper limit of this range of linear airflow velocities is a point at which the airflow through most porous materials is in partial or complete transition from laminar to turbulent flow.  
1.3 A procedure for accrediting a laboratory for the purposes of this test method is given in Annex A1.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Table 1 is provided for user to convert into cgs units.    
cgs acoustic ohm  
mks acoustic ohm (Pa·s/m3)  
105  
cgs rayl  
mks rayl (Pa·s/m)  
10    
cgs rayl/cm  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
103  
cgs rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
394  
mks rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
39.4  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E492-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The spectrum of the noise in the room below the test specimen is determined by the following:  
5.1.1 The size and the mechanical properties of the floor-ceiling assembly, such as its construction, surface, mounting or edge restraints, stiffness, or internal damping,  
5.1.2 The acoustical response of the room below,  
5.1.3 The placement of the object or device producing the impacts, and  
5.1.4 The nature of the actual impact itself.  
5.2 This test method is based on the use of a standardized tapping machine of the type specified in 8.1 placed in specific positions on the floor. This machine produces a continuous series of uniform impacts at a uniform rate on a test floor and generates in the receiving room broadband sound pressure levels that are sufficiently high to make measurements possible beneath most floor types even in the presence of background noise. The tapping machine itself, however, is not designed to simulate any one type of impact, such as produced by male or female footsteps.  
5.3 Because of its portable design, the tapping machine does not simulate the weight of a human walker. Therefore, the structural sounds, i.e., creaks or booms of a floor assembly caused by such footstep excitation is not reflected in the single number impact rating derived from test results obtained by this test method. The degree of correlation between the results of tapping machine tests in the laboratory and the subjective acceptance of floors under typical conditions of domestic impact excitation is uncertain. The correlation will depend on both the type of floor construction and the nature of the impact excitation in the building.  
5.4 In laboratories designed to satisfy the requirements of this test method, the intent is that only significant path for sound transmission between the rooms is through the test specimen. This is not generally the case in buildings where there are often many other paths for sounds— flanking sound transmission. Consequently so...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission of floor-ceiling assemblies using a standardized tapping machine. It is assumed that the test specimen constitutes the primary sound transmission path into a receiving room located directly below and that a good approximation to a diffuse sound field exists in this room.  
1.2 Measurements may be conducted on floor-ceiling assemblies of all kinds, including those with floating-floor or suspended ceiling elements, or both, and floor-ceiling assemblies surfaced with any type of floor-surfacing or floor-covering materials.  
1.3 This test method prescribes a uniform procedure for reporting laboratory test data, that is, the normalized one-third octave band sound pressure levels transmitted by the floor-ceiling assembly due to the tapping machine.  
1.4 Laboratory Accreditation—The requirements for accrediting a laboratory for performing this test method are given in Annex A2.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1573-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement and Reporting of Masking Sound Levels Using A-Weighted and One-Third-Octave-Band Sound Pressure Levels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acoustical performance is dependent on many factors (see Guide E1374 for a discussion on general office acoustical considerations). One of these factors is the masking sound. The masking spectrum shape and level must conform within specified tolerances throughout the treated area. The measurement and recording of these parameters are addressed in this test method.  
5.2 The results from this test method are used to determine if the masking sound meets a particular specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies the procedure used to measure the masking sound in terms of A-weighted and one-third-octave-band sound pressure levels.  
1.2 The results of this test method can be used to determine if and where the masking sound meets (or does not meet) a particular specification.  
1.3 This test method does not evaluate the overall acoustical environment. It is intended only to measure and report the masking sound levels.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C635/C635M-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Manufacture, Performance, and Testing of Metal Suspension Systems for Acoustical Tile and Lay-in Panel Ceilings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers metal ceiling suspension systems used primarily to support acoustical tile or acoustical lay-in panels. Some suspension systems incorporate locking assembly details that enhance performance by providing some continuity or load transfer capability between adjacent sections of the ceiling grid. The structural classification or grade of ceiling suspension systems shall be determined by the capability of main runners or nailing bars to support a uniformly distributed load. These classifications shall be: light-duty systems; intermediate-duty systems; and heavy-duty systems. The structural classification of ceiling suspension systems shall be based on the load-carrying capacity of the main runners of the structural network. Suspension system structural members shall conform to the following tolerance requirements: metal thickness; straightness; length; overall cross-section dimensions; and section squareness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers metal ceiling suspension systems used primarily to support acoustical tile or acoustical lay-in panels.  
1.2 Some suspension systems incorporate locking assembly details that enhance performance by providing some continuity or load transfer capability between adjacent sections of the ceiling grid. The test methods of Test Methods E3090/E3090M referenced in this specification do not provide the means for making a complete evaluation of continuous beam systems, nor for assessing the continuity contribution to overall system performance. However, the test methods can be used for evaluating primary structural members in conjunction with secondary members that interlock, as well as with those of noninterlocking type.  
1.3 While this specification is applicable to the exterior installation of metal suspension systems, the atmospheric conditions and wind loading require additional design attention to ensure safe implementation. For that reason, a specific review and approval should be solicited from the responsible architect and engineer, or both, for any exterior application of metal suspension systems in the construction of a new building or building modification.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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