ASTM D1245-11

Standard Practice for Examination of Water-Formed Deposits by Chemical Microscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Chemical composition of water-formed deposits is a major indicator of proper or improper chemical treatment of process water, and is often an indicator of operational parameters as well, for example, temperature control. This practice allows for rapid determination of constituents present in these deposits, particularly those indications of improper water treatment, since they usually have very distinctive and easily recognized optical properties.
This practice, where applicable, eliminates the need for detailed chemical analysis, which is time-consuming, and which does not always reveal how cations and anions are mutually bound.
Qualitative use of this practice should be limited to those deposits whose control is generally known or predictable, based on treatment and feedwater mineral content, and whose constituents are crystalline, or in other ways optically or morphologically distinctive. If these criteria are not met, other techniques of analysis should be used, such as Practice D2332 or Test Methods D3483, or both.
Quantitative use of this practice should be limited to estimates only. For more precise quantitative results, other methods should be used (see 5.3).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the examination of water-formed deposits by means of chemical microscopy. This practice may be used to complement other methods of examination of water-formed deposits as recommended in Practices D2331 or it may be used alone when no other instrumentation is available or when the sample size is very small.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2011
• ICS: 13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1245-08 - Standard Practice for Examination of Water-Formed Deposits by Chemical Microscopy
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Replaced By: ASTM D1245-17 - Standard Practice for Examination of Water-Formed Deposits by Chemical Microscopy
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D3223-17 - Standard Test Method for Total Mercury in Water
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E284-22 - Standard Terminology of Appearance
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D887-13(2022) - Standard Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D2331-08(2022) - Standard Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of Water-Formed Deposits
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E772-15(2021) - Standard Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1245 − 11
Standard Practice for
Examination of Water-Formed Deposits by Chemical
1
Microscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1245; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the examination
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms in this practice
of water-formed deposits by means of chemical microscopy. relating specifically to water and water-formed deposits, refer
This practice may be used to complement other methods of to Terminology D1129.
examination of water-formed deposits as recommended in
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Practices D2331 or it may be used alone when no other
3.2.1 Certain terms in this practice that relate specifically to
instrumentation is available or when the sample size is very
chemical microscopy are described as follows:
small.
3.2.2 anisotropic, adj—havingdifferentopticalpropertiesin
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as different optical planes.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2.2.1 Discussion—These planes are referred to as the
standard. alpha, beta, and omega axes.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.3 Becke line, n—a faint, halo-like line that surrounds a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the crystal when the crystal is mounted in an oil of different
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
refractive index.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.2.3.1 Discussion—TheBeckelineincreasesinintensityas
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the difference in the refractive index between the crystal and
the oil increases.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.4 dispersion, n—thevariationofindexofrefractionwith
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
wavelength.
D887Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits
3.2.5 dispersion staining, n—the color effects produced
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
when a transparent object, immersed in a liquid having a
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
refractive index near that of the object, is viewed under the
D2331Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of
microscope by transmitted white light and precise aperture
Water-Formed Deposits
control.
D2332Practice for Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits by
3.2.6 extinction angle, n—the angle between the extinction
Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence
position and some plane, edge, or line in a crystal.
D3483TestMethodsforAccumulatedDepositioninaSteam
Generator Tube
3.2.7 extinction position, n—the position in which an aniso-
tropic crystal, between crossed polars, exhibits complete dark-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and ness.
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
3.2.8 index of refraction, n—thenumericalexpressionofthe
Water-Formed Deposits,Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
ratioofthevelocityoflightinavacuumtothevelocityoflight
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally
in a substance.
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D1245–08. DOI:
3.2.9 isotropic, adj—having the same optical properties in
10.1520/D1245-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
all directions.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.10 petrographic, adj—pertaining to the description of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. rocks or rocklike substances.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1245 − 11
1
3.2.10.1 Discussion—Suchdescriptionisusuallyintermsof 7.2 Cover Glasses, No. 1 or No. 1 ⁄2 thickness, round or
morphology and optical properties. square cover glasses.
3.2.11 solid solution, n—a homogeneous mixture of two or
7.3 Glass Rods,150by5-mm,fortransferringdrops,and75
more components, in the solid state, retaining substantially the
by 1-mm, for stirring and leading reagent drops on the slides.
structure of one of the components.
7.4 Hotplate.
4. Summary of Practice
7.5 Light Source—Microscope lamp with concentrated fila-
4.1 The practice is essentially chemical microscopical,
ment bulb and a focusing lens.
supplemented by optical data obtained by the petrographic
method. The identification of
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D1245–08 Designation:D1245–11
Standard Practice for
Examination of Water-Formed Deposits by Chemical
1
Microscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1245; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the examination of water-formed deposits by means of chemical microscopy. This
practice may be used to complement other methods of examination of water-formed deposits as recommended in Practices D2331
or it may be used alone when no other instrumentation is available or when the sample size is very small.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D887 Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2331 Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of Water-Formed Deposits
D2332 Practice for Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits by Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence
D3483 Test Methods for Accumulated Deposition in a Steam Generator Tube
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms in this practice relating specifically to water and water-formed deposits, refer to
Terminology D1129.
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard—Certain terms in this practice that relate specifically to chemical
microscopy are described as follows:
3.2.1 anisotropic, adj—having different optical properties in different optical planes.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—These planes are referred to as the alpha, beta, and omega axes.
3.2.2 Becke line, n—a faint, halo-like line that surrounds a crystal when the crystal is mounted in an oil of different refractive
index. It
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The Becke line increases in intensity as the difference in the refractive index between the crystal and the
oil increases.
3.2.3 dispersiondispersion, n—the variation of index of refraction with wavelength.
3.2.4 dispersion staining, n—the color effects produced when a transparent object, immersed in a liquid having a refractive
index near that of the object, is viewed under the microscope by transmitted white light and precise aperture control.
3.2.5 extinction angleextinction angle, n—the angle between the extinction position and some plane, edge, or line in a crystal.
3.2.6 extinction positionextinction position, n—the position in which an anisotropic crystal, between crossed polars, exhibits
complete darkness.
3.2.7 index of refractionindex of refraction, n—the numerical expression of the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to the
velocity of light in a substance.
3.2.8 isotropicisotropic, adj—having the same optical properties in all directions.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 onWater and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on SamplingWater andWater-Formed
Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008.2011. Published May 2008.2011. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 as D1245–84 (2007).
D1245 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/D1245-08.10.1520/D1245-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1245–11
3.2.9 petrographic, adj—pertaining to the description of rocks or rocklike substances.
3.2.9.1 Discussion—Such description is usually in terms of morphology and optical properties.
3.2.10 solid solutionsolid solution, n—a homogeneous mixture of two or more components, in the solid state, retaining
substantially the structure of one of the compon
...