ASTM B359-98
(Specification)Standard Specification for Copper and Copper-Alloy Seamless Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes With Integral Fins
Standard Specification for Copper and Copper-Alloy Seamless Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes With Integral Fins
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes seamless copper and copper alloy tubing on which the external or internal surface, or both, has been modified by a cold-forming process to produce an integral enhanced surface for improved heat transfer. The tubes are used in surface condensers, evaporators, and heat exchangers and are normally made from the following copper or copper alloys: Copper or Copper Alloy UNS No. Type of Metal C10100 Oxygen-free electronic C10200 Oxygen-free without residual deoxidants C10300 Oxygen-free, extra low phosphorus C10800 Oxygen-free, low phosphorus C12000 DLP Phosphorized, low residual phosphorus C12200 DHP, Phosphorized, high residual phosphorus C14200 DPA Phosphorized arsenical C19200 Phosphorized, 1 % iron C23000 Red Brass C44300 Admiralty Metal Types B, C44400 C, and C44550 D C60800 Aluminum Bronze C68700 Aluminum Brass Type B C70400 95-5 Copper-Nickel C70600 90-10 Copper-Nickel C71000 80-20 Copper-Nickel Type A C71500 70-30 Copper-Nickel C72200 Copper-Nickel
1.2 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification.
1.2.1 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 2-A complete metric companion, B359M, has been developed; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: B 359 – 98
Standard Specification for
Copper and Copper-Alloy Seamless Condenser and Heat
Exchanger Tubes With Integral Fins
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 359; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
therefore, no metric equivalents are presented.
1. Scope *
1.1 This specification describes seamless copper and cop-
2. Referenced Documents
per alloy tubing on which the external or internal surface, or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
both, has been modified by a cold-forming process to produce
B 153 Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper and
an integral enhanced surface for improved heat transfer. The
Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tubing
tubes are used in surface condensers, evaporators, and heat
B 154 Test Method for Mercurous Nitrate Test for Copper
exchangers and are normally made from the following copper
and Copper Alloys
or copper alloys:
B 170 Specification for Oxygen-Free Electrolytic Copper—
Copper or Copper Alloy Type of Metal
Refinery Shapes
UNS No.
B 359M Specification for Copper and Copper-Alloy Seam-
C10100 Oxygen-free electronic
less Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes with Integral
C10200 Oxygen-free without residual deoxidants
Fins [Metric]
C10300 Oxygen-free, extra low phosphorus
C10800 Oxygen-free, low phosphorus E 3 Methods of Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
C12000 DLP Phosphorized, low residual phosphorus
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
C12200 DHP, Phosphorized, high residual phosphorus
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
C14200 DPA Phosphorized arsenical
C19200 Phosphorized, 1 % iron
Determine Conformance with Specifications
C23000 Red Brass 6
E 53 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper
C44300 Admiralty Metal Types B,
E 62 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper and Copper
C44400 C, and
C44550 D Alloys (Photometric Methods)
C60800 Aluminum Bronze 4
E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
C68700 Aluminum Brass Type B
E 118 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper-
C70400 95-5 Copper-Nickel
C70600 90-10 Copper-Nickel
Chromium Alloys
C71000 80-20 Copper-Nickel Type A
E 243 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Exami-
C71500 70-30 Copper-Nickel
nation of Copper and Copper-Alloy Tubes
C72200 Copper-Nickel
E 255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for
NOTE 1—Refer to Practice E 527 for explanation of Unified Numbering
Determination of Chemical Composition
System (UNS).
E 478 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper
1.2 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the
Alloys
test methods described in this specification. 9
E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)
1.2.1 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.1 flattening—this term shall be interpreted as that con-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
dition which allows a micrometer caliper, set at three times the
wall thickness, to pass over the tube freely throughout the
NOTE 2—A complete metric companion, B 359M, has been developed;
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-5 on Copper
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.04 on Pipe
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
and Tube.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1998. Published January 1999. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
published as B 359 – 60. Last previous edition B 359 – 95. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
2 8
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
cation SB-359 in Section II of that Code. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
B 359
flattened part, except at the points where the change in element furnished with unenhanced ends, but may be furnished with
of flattening takes place. enhanced ends or stripped ends from which the O.D. enhance-
3.1.2 lengths—straight pieces of product. ment has been removed by machining.
3.1.2.1 lengths, specific—straight lengths that are uniform 5.1.1 The enhanced sections of the tube in the as-fabricated
in length, as specified, and subject to established length temper are in the cold-worked condition produced by the
tolerances. enhancing operation. The unenhanced sections of the tube shall
3.1.3 tube, seamless—a tube produced with a continuous be in the annealed or light drawn temper, and shall be suitable
periphery in all stages of operation. for rolling-in operations.
3.1.3.1 tube condenser—see tube, heat exchanger.
6. Materials and Manufacture
3.1.3.2 tube, heat exchanger—a tube manufactured to spe-
6.1 The material shall be of such quality and purity that the
cial requirements as to dimensional tolerances, finish, and
finished products shall conform to the requirements prescribed
temper for use in condensers and other heat exchangers.
in this specification and shall be cold-worked to the specified
3.1.3.3 tube, heat exchangers with integral enhanced
size. To comply with this specification, the enhanced and
surface—a tube having an external or internal surface, or both,
unenhanced material must be homogeneous.
modified by a cold forming operation, to produce an enhanced
6.2 Due to the discontinuous nature of the processing of
surface for improved heat transfer. The enhancement may take
castings into wrought products, it is not practical to identify
the form of longitudinal or helical fins or ridges, or both, as
specific casting analysis with a specific quantity of finished
well as modifications thereto.
material.
3.1.4 unaided eye—corrective spectacles necessary to ob-
6.3 When heat identification is required, the purchaser shall
tain normal vision may be used.
specify the details desired in the purchase order or contract.
4. Ordering Information
7. Chemical Composition
4.1 Purchase orders for tubes described in this specification
7.1 The tubes shall conform to the chemical requirements
should include the following, as required, to describe the tubes
specified in Table 1.
adequately.
7.2 These specification limits do not preclude the presence
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
of other elements. Limits for unnamed elements may be
4.1.2 Alloy,
established by agreement between manufacturer or supplier
4.1.3 Temper,
and purchaser.
4.1.4 Dimensions: diameter, wall thickness, length and lo-
7.2.1 Copper Alloy C19200—Copper may be taken as the
cation of unenhanced surfaces and total tube length. Configu-
difference between the sum of results for all specified elements
ration of enhanced surfaces shall be as agreed upon between
and 100 %. When all elements specified, including copper, are
the manufacturer and the purchaser. (Refer to Figs. 1-3).
determined, their sum shall be 99.8 % minimum.
4.1.5 Whether the product is to be subsequently welded,
7.2.2 For alloys in which copper is specified as the remain-
4.1.6 Quantity,
der, copper may be taken as the difference between the sum of
4.1.7 Certification, when required,
the results for all specified elements and 100 % for the
4.1.8 Mill test report, when required,
particular alloy.
4.1.9 When heat identification or traceability is required,
7.2.2.1 When analyzed, copper plus the sum of results for
and
specified elements shall be as shown in the following table.
4.1.10 When tubes are for Boiler and Pressure Vessel code
Copper Alloy UNS No. Copper Plus Named Elements, % min
application, which should then be ordered according to ASME
SB 359.
C60800 99.5
C70400 99.5
5. General Requirements
C70600 99.5
C71000 99.5
5.1 Tubes described by this specification shall normally be
C71500 99.5
C72200 99.8
7.2.3 For alloys in which zinc is specified as the remainder,
either copper or zinc may be taken as the difference between
the sum of the results of specified elements analyzed and
100 %.
7.2.3.1 When all specified elements are determined the sum
of results plus copper shall be as follows:
Copper Alloy UNS No. Copper Plus Named Elements, % min
C23000 99.8
C44300, C44400, C44500 99.6
C68700 99.5
NOTE—The outside diameter over the enhanced section will not
8. Temper
normally exceed the outside diameter of the unenhanced section.
FIG. 1 Outside Diameter Enhanced Tube Nomenclature 8.1 The tube after enhancing shall be supplied, as specified,
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
B 359
FIG. 2 Outside Diameter and Inside Diameter Enhanced Tube Nomenclature
10. Expansion Test
10.1 The unenhanced sections of all tubes selected for test
shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 3 when
tested in accordance with B 153. The expanded tube shall show
no cracking or rupture visible to the unaided eye.
11. Flattening Test
11.1 The unenhanced lengths of tube selected for tests shall
FIG. 3 Inside Diameter Enhanced Tube Nomenclature
be flattened on different elements and a flattened element shall
in the annealed or as-fabricated temper.
show no cracking or rupture visible to the unaided eye.
8.1.1 The enhanced sections of tubes in the as-fabricated
(Corrective spectacles necessary to obtain normal vision may
temper are in the cold-worked condition produced by the
be used.)
fabricating operation.
12. Mercurous Nitrate Test
8.1.2 The unenhanced sections of tubes in the as-fabricated
temper are in the temper of the tube prior to enhancing, 12.1 Each specimen shall withstand an immersion in the
annealed or light drawn, and suitable for rolling-in operations. mercurous nitrate solution as prescribed in Test Method B 154
8.1.3 Copper alloys C23000, C44300, C44400, C44500, without cracking. The enhanced specimens shall include the
C60800, and C68700, furnished in the as-fabricated temper, finished tube ends.
must be stress relief annealed after enhancing and be capable of 12.2 This test is required only for copper alloys C23000,
meeting the requirements of the mercurous nitrate test in C44300, C44400, C44500, C60800, and C68700.
Section 12. Stress relief annealing of the copper and other
13. Non-destructive Testing
copper alloys described by this specification is not required.
13.1 Each tube shall be subjected to a non-destructive test.
8.1.3.1 Some annealed tubes, when subjected to aggressive
Tubes shall normally be tested in the as-fabricated temper but,
environments, may be subject to stress-corrosion cracking
at the option of the manufacturer, may be tested in the annealed
failure because of the residual tensile stresses developed in
temper. Unless otherwise specified, the manufacturer shall
straightening. For such applications, it is recommended that
have the option of testing the tubes by one of the following test
tubes of copper alloys C23000, C44300, C44400, C44500,
methods.
C60800, and C68700 be subjected to a stress relieving thermal
13.1.1 Eddy-Current Test—The tubes shall be passed
treatment subsequent to straightening. When required, this
through an eddy-current testing unit adjusted per the require-
must be specified on the purchase order or contract. Tolerance
ments of 19.3.3 to provide information on the suitability of the
for roundness and length, and the condition for straightness, for
tube for the intended application.
tube so ordered, shall be to the requirements agreed upon
13.1.1.1 Tubes causing irrelevant signals because of mois-
between the manufacturer and purchaser.
ture, soil, and like effects may be reconditioned and retested.
8.1.4 The enhanced sections of tubes in the annealed temper
Such tubes shall be considered to conform, should they not
shall show complete recrystallization when examined in the
cause output signals beyond the acceptable limits.
cross-section of the tube at a magnification of 75 diameters.
13.1.1.2 Tubes causing irrelevant signals because of visible
Average grain size shall be within the limits agreed upon
and identifiable handling marks may be retested by the
between the manufacturer and purchaser, when measured in the
hydrostatic test prescribed in 13.1.2 or the pneumatic test
wall of the tube outside of the enhanced area.
prescribed in 13.1.3.
9. Tensile Properties
13.1.1.3 Unless otherwise agreed, tubes meeting the re-
9.1 Prior to the enhancing operation, the tube shall conform quirements of either test shall be considered to conform if the
to the requirements for tensile properties prescribed in Table 2. tube dimensions are within the prescribed limits.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
B 359
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Copper
or
Other
Copper
Alumi- Nickel, incl Lead, Named
A
Copper Tin Iron Zinc Manganese Arsenic Antimony Phosphorus Chromium
Alloy
num Cobalt max Ele-
UNS No.
ments
B C
0.0002 max. . . 0.0010 max0.0005 0.0010 max0.0001 max0.00005 0.0005 max0.0004 max0.0003 max. . . .
C10100 99.99 min
max
D
C10200 99.95 min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
E
C10300 99.95 min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001–0.005. . . . . .
E
C10800 99.95 min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.005–0.012. . . . . .
C12000 99.90 min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.004–0.012. . . . . .
C12200 99.9 min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.015–0.040. . .
C14200 99.40 min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.15–0.50 . . . 0.015–0.040. . . . . .
C19200 98.7 min . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8–1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.01–0.04 . . . . . .
C23000 84.0–86.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.05 0.05 max remainder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C44300 70.0–73.0 0.9–1.2 . . . . . . 0.07 0.06 max re
...
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