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ASTM D3123-09(2017)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Spiral Flow of Low-Pressure Thermosetting Molding Compounds

Standard Test Method for Spiral Flow of Low-Pressure Thermosetting Molding Compounds

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The spiral flow of a thermosetting molding compound is a measure of the combined characteristics of fusion under pressure, melt viscosity, and gelation rate under specific conditions.  
4.2 This test method is useful as a quality control test and as an acceptance criterion.  
4.3 This test method, by itself, is not a valid means for comparing the moldability of similar or different molding compounds because it cannot duplicate actual conditions prevalent in different types of production molds.  
4.4 This test method is presently intended for use at a transfer pressure of 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) and a mold temperature of 423 ± 3 K (150 ± 3°C (302 ± 5°F)).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the spiral flow of thermosetting molding compounds (soft or very soft) designed for molding pressures under 6.9 MPa (1000 psi). It is especially suited for those compounds used for encapsulation or other low pressure molding techniques. It involves the use of a standard spiral flow mold in a transfer molding press under specified conditions of applied temperature and pressure with a controlled charge mass.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jul-2017
ICS
83.140.99 - Other rubber and plastics products
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.30 - Thermal Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3123-09 - Standard Test Method for Spiral Flow of Low-Pressure Thermosetting Molding Compounds
Effective Date
01-Aug-2017
Refers
ASTM D883-24 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Feb-2024
Refers
ASTM D883-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Refers
ASTM D883-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Jan-2020
Refers
ASTM D883-19c - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Aug-2019
Refers
ASTM D883-19a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
15-Apr-2019
Refers
ASTM D883-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Feb-2019
Refers
ASTM D883-18a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Dec-2018
Refers
ASTM D883-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Nov-2018
Refers
ASTM D883-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
15-Aug-2017
Refers
ASTM D883-12e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
15-Nov-2012
Refers
ASTM D883-11 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
15-May-2011
Refers
ASTM E105-10 - Standard Practice for Probability Sampling Of Materials
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010
Refers
ASTM D883-08 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Mar-2008
Refers
ASTM D883-07 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-May-2007

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ASTM D3123-09(2017) - Standard Test Method for Spiral Flow of Low-Pressure Thermosetting Molding CompoundsASTM D3123-09(2017) - Standard Test Method for Spiral Flow of Low-Pressure Thermosetting Molding Compounds
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ASTM D3123-09(2017) - Standard Test Method for Spiral Flow of Low-Pressure Thermosetting Molding Compounds
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3123 − 09 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Spiral Flow of Low-Pressure Thermosetting Molding
Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3123; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the
3. Terminology
spiral flow of thermosetting molding compounds (soft or very
soft)designedformoldingpressuresunder6.9MPa(1000psi).
3.1 Definitions—Definitions in this test method are consis-
It is especially suited for those compounds used for encapsu-
tent with Terminology D883.
lation or other low pressure molding techniques. It involves the
use of a standard spiral flow mold in a transfer molding press
4. Significance and Use
under specified conditions of applied temperature and pressure
4.1 The spiral flow of a thermosetting molding compound is
with a controlled charge mass.
a measure of the combined characteristics of fusion under
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
pressure, melt viscosity, and gelation rate under specific
standard.
conditions.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 This test method is useful as a quality control test and as
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
an acceptance criterion.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.3 This test method, by itself, is not a valid means for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
comparing the moldability of similar or different molding
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
compounds because it cannot duplicate actual conditions
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
prevalent in different types of production molds.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.4 This test method is presently intended for use at a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
transferpressureof6.9MPa(1000psi)andamoldtemperature
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
of 423 6 3 K (150 6 3°C (302 6 5°F)).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Apparatus
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Transfer Molding Press with a minimum 150 by
2. Referenced Documents 150-mm (6 by 6-in.) platen area, transfer piston pressure
potentially greater than 6.9 MPa (1000 psi), sufficient clamp
2.1 ASTM Standards:
pressure to prevent flashing, and a minimum plunger speed of
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
25.4 mm (1 in.)/s without load. It is recommended that the
D958 Practice for Determining Temperatures of Standard
plunger be equipped with at least one peripheral sealing
ASTM Molds for Test Specimens of Plastics (Withdrawn
groove. It is recommended that a pot diameter between 31.75
1995)
and 44.45 mm (1.25 and 1.75 in.) be used whenever a choice
is possible.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
NOTE2—Preliminaryevidenceindicatesthat,inmanycases,reasonable
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties
correlations may be achieved between laboratories using presses with
(Section D20.30.08).
differentpotdiameters.Typicalexamplesarepresseswithpotdiametersof
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2017. Published August 2017. Originally
31.750, 38.100, and 44.450 mm (1.250, 1.500, and 1.750 in.). However, a
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D3123 - 09. DOI:
few well-documented cases are recorded where differences in pot
10.1520/D3123-17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or diameters, even within this listed range, have caused large differences in
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM flow-length readings. Therefore, for best interlaboratory correlation it is
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
recommended that identical pot diameters be used.
the ASTM website.
5.2 Standard Spiral-Flow Mold shown in Fig. 1 shall be
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. utilized.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3123 − 09 (2017)
FIG. 1 Standard Spiral-Flow Mold
6. Materials 8. Conditioning
6.1 Molding Compound: 8.1 Conditioning—All molding compounds shall be tested
in “as-received” condition. For referee testing, all material
6.1.1 Any thermosetting molding compound with a spiral
shall be shipped and stored in moisture-barrier containers.
flow between 762 and 1270 mm (30 and 50 in.) as determined
They shall be stored for a minimum of 24 h at the standard
at the standard temperature and pressure of this test can be
laboratory temperature, before breaking the seal on the con-
evaluated.
tainer.Takecaretopreservethe“as-received”moisturecontent
NOTE 3—Since the only commercially available molds are calibrated in
and tests shall be made as soon as possible once the container
inches, spiral-flow length will be reported in these units. Conversion to SI
has been opened.Alternative methods of conditioning samples
units can readily be made by multiplying the flow length, in inches, by the
shall be mutually agreed upon between manufacturer and
appropriate conversion factor, 25.4 mm/in.
purchaser.
NOTE 4—There is considerable evidence that the test is usable over a
wider range of flow lengths, but this has not yet been confirmed by
interlaboratory testing.
9. Test Conditions
6.1.2 Form—The form of the molding compound shall be
9.1 Spiral-Flow Mold—The mold shall be clean and free
loose powder or granules at 296 6 2 K (23 6 2°C (73.4 6
from any mold-release agents or lubricants. Several prelimi-
3.6°F)).
nary moldings shall be made with the material to be tested to
purge the helical runner before beginning the test. This
NOTE 5—Preforms or pellets may be used if found necessary; however,
procedure is essential w
...

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Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Molding and Extrusion Compounds (CAB)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for plasticized cellulose acetate butyrate thermoplastic compounds suitable for injection molding and extrusion. These compounds have a butyryl content less than 38 % and an acetyl content less than 15 % and may or may not contain dyes and pigments. This specification does not include special materials compounded for special applications. Cellulosic plastic materials, being thermoplastic, are reprocessable and recyclable. This specification allows for the use of those cellulosic materials, provided that all specific requirements of this specification are met. Test specimens of the thermoplastic compounds shall conform to the prescribed specific gravity, tensile stress at yield, flexural modulus, Izod impact strength, water absorption and weight loss on heating. The materials shall also be subject to color-visual, color-quantitative, and plasticizer content analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification system covers requirements for plasticized cellulose acetate butyrate thermoplastic compounds suitable for injection molding and extrusion. These compounds have a butyryl content less than 38 % and an acetyl content less than 15 % and can contain dyes and pigments. This classification system does not include special materials compounded for special applications. Cellulosic plastic materials, being thermoplastic, are reprocessable and recyclable. This classification system allows for the use of those cellulosic materials, provided that all specific requirements of this classification system are met.  
1.2 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are specified by using the suffixes as given in Section 5.  
1.3 This classification system and subsequent line call out (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastic field only after careful consideration of the design and performance required of the part, environment to which it will be exposed, fabrication process to be employed, costs involved, and inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this classification system.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 12, of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7258-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Polymeric Piles

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the physical and performance requirements for round and rectangular cross-section polymeric piles in axial and lateral load-bearing applications including, by not limited to, marine, waterfront, and corrosive environments. It does not apply to individual polymeric pile products, sheet piles, and other mechanically connected polymeric pile products using inter-locking systems. Covered here are six types of polymeric piles that are fabricated from materials that may be virgin, recycled, or both, as long as the finished product meets all of the criteria specified herein. These types are: Type I, polymeric only; Type II, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of chopped, milled or continuous fiber or mineral; Type III, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of metallic bars, cages, or shapes; Type IV, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of non-metallic bars or cages; Type V, polymeric composite tube with a concrete core; and Type VI, any other polymeric piling meeting the requirements stated herein and not otherwise described by Types I through V. The polymeric tiles shall adhere to specified physical attributes such as size, cross-sectional shape, length, straightness, placement of reinforcement, and surface conditions. The performance requirements which pile specimens shall conform to include creep rupture, serviceability, flexural properties, shear strength, bearing strength, design flexural stiffness, energy absorption, compressive strength, combined stresses, dimensional stability (thermal expansion), hygrothermal cycling, and flame spread index.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification addresses the use of round and rectangular cross-section polymeric piles in axial and lateral load-bearing applications, including but not limited to marine, waterfront, and corrosive environments.  
1.2 This specification is only applicable to individual polymeric pile products. Sheet pile and other mechanically connected polymeric pile products using inter-locking systems, are not part of this specification.  
1.3 The piling products considered herein are characterized by the use of polymers, whereby (1) the pile strength or stiffness requires the inclusion of the polymer, or (2) a minimum of fifty percent (50 %) of the weight or volume is derived from the polymer. The type classifications of polymeric piles described in Section 4 show how they can be reinforced by composite design for increased stiffness or strength.  
1.4 This specification covers polymeric piles fabricated from materials that are virgin, recycled, or both, as long as the finished product meets all of the criteria specified herein. Diverse types and combinations of inorganic filler systems are permitted in the manufacturing of polymeric piling products. Inorganic fillers include such materials as talc, mica, silica, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, etc. Pilings are often placed in service where they will be subjected to continuous damp or wet exposure conditions. Due to concerns of water sensitivity and possible affects on mechanical properties in such service conditions, organic fillers, including lignocellulosic materials such as those made or derived from wood, wood flour, flax shive, rice hulls, wheat straw, and combinations thereof, are not permitted in the manufacturing of polymeric piling products.  
1.5 The values are stated in inch-pound units as these are currently the most common units used by the construction industry.  
1.6 Polymeric piles under this specification are designed using design stresses determined in accordance with Test Methods D6108, D6109, and D6112 and procedures contained within this specification unless otherwise specified.  
1.7 Although in some instances it will be an important component of the pile design, frictional properties are currently beyond the scope of this document.  
1.8 Criteria for design are included as part of this specification for polymeric piles. Certain Types and...

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ASTM
ASTM D7486-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fines and Dust Particles on Plastic Pellets by Wet Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Molding and extruding plastic pellets require dust free, dry pellets to prevent processing problems. Plastic producers try to remove the dust and streamers with dust removal systems prior to packaging and loading. How to accurately measure dust and streamer content in plastic pellets is an important quality control issue.  
5.2 Particle size analysis is used to determine a percentage of particle size distribution from a representative sample of the whole. In terms of size analysis concerning plastic pellets, sieving is used to determine the dust content in the range of 500 to 2000 micron. Test Method D1921, Test Method B, is used to determine this type of particle sizing.  
5.3 After dry sieve analysis, particles smaller than 500 microns need to be analyzed by wet method. A fresh sample shall be used for wet analysis. This test method allows washing down the fines attached to the pellets by electrostatic forces.  
5.4 The wet analysis provides accurate quantification of small to large amounts of fines, negating static effects, and eliminating detrimental effects of mechanical agitation. A wet analysis must be employed to accurately quantify lower PPM dust levels in plastic pellets.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the amount of fine particles adhered on plastic pellets or granules in which they are commonly produced and supplied. The lower limit of this test method is restricted only by the porosity of the filter disc used to capture the particle size being quantified.  
1.2 The wet analysis technique allows for separation and collection of statically charged particles by liquid wash and filtration methods. This must be performed under standard laboratory conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This test method describes an essential practice to check the quality of plastics once the production cycle is terminated and to evaluate the performance of pellet cleaning systems or of the special pneumatic conveying systems for the distinct size fractions below 500 micron only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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