ASTM G65-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Apparatus
Standard Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Apparatus
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The severity of abrasive wear in any system will depend upon the abrasive particle size, shape, and hardness, the magnitude of the stress imposed by the particle, and the frequency of contact of the abrasive particle. In this practice these conditions are standardized to develop a uniform condition of wear which has been referred to as scratching abrasion (1 and 3). The value of the practice lies in predicting the relative ranking of various materials of construction in an abrasive environment. Since the practice does not attempt to duplicate all of the process conditions (abrasive size, shape, pressure, impact, or corrosive elements), it should not be used to predict the exact resistance of a given material in a specific environment. Its value lies in predicting the ranking of materials in a similar relative order of merit as would occur in an abrasive environment. Volume loss data obtained from test materials whose lives are unknown in a specific abrasive environment may, however, be compared with test data obtained from a material whose life is known in the same environment. The comparison will provide a general indication of the worth of the unknown materials if abrasion is the predominant factor causing deterioration of the materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for determining the resistance of metallic materials to scratching abrasion by means of the dry sand/rubber wheel test. It is the intent of this test method to produce data that will reproducibly rank materials in their resistance to scratching abrasion under a specified set of conditions.
1.2 Abrasion test results are reported as volume loss in cubic millimetres for the particular test procedure specified. Materials of higher abrasion resistance will have a lower volume loss.
Note 1: In order to attain uniformity among laboratories, it is the intent of this test method to require that volume loss due to abrasion be reported only in the metric system as cubic millimetres. 1 mm3 = 6.102 × 10−5 in3.
1.3 This test method covers five recommended procedures which are appropriate for specific degrees of wear resistance or thicknesses of the test material.
1.3.1 Procedure A—This is a relatively severe test which will rank metallic materials on a wide volume loss scale from low to extreme abrasion resistance. It is particularly useful in ranking materials of medium to extreme abrasion resistance.
1.3.2 Procedure B—A short-term variation of Procedure A. It may be used for highly abrasive resistant materials but is particularly useful in the ranking of medium- and low-abrasive-resistant materials. Procedure B should be used when the volume–loss values developed by Procedure A exceeds 100 mm3.
1.3.3 Procedure C—A short-term variation of Procedure A for use on thin coatings.
1.3.4 Procedure D—This is a lighter load variation of Procedure A which is particularly useful in ranking materials of low-abrasion resistance. It is also used in ranking materials of a specific generic type or materials which would be very close in the volume loss rates as developed by Procedure A.
1.3.5 Procedure E—A short-term variation of Procedure B that is useful in the ranking of materials with medium- or low-abrasion resistance.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G65 − 15
StandardTest Method for
Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel
1
Apparatus
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG65;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.3.5 Procedure E—A short-term variation of Procedure B
that is useful in the ranking of materials with medium- or
1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for de-
low-abrasion resistance.
termining the resistance of metallic materials to scratching
abrasion by means of the dry sand/rubber wheel test. It is the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
intentofthistestmethodtoproducedatathatwillreproducibly
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
rank materials in their resistance to scratching abrasion under
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
a specified set of conditions.
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.2 Abrasion test results are reported as volume loss in
cubic millimetres for the particular test procedure specified.
2. Referenced Documents
Materials of higher abrasion resistance will have a lower
volume loss. 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—In order to attain uniformity among laboratories, it is the D2240TestMethodforRubberProperty—DurometerHard-
intent of this test method to require that volume loss due to abrasion be
ness
reported only in the metric system as cubic millimetres.
3 E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
−5 3
1mm =6.102×10 in .
Sieves
1.3 This test method covers five recommended procedures
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
whichareappropriateforspecificdegreesofwearresistanceor
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
thicknesses of the test material.
Lot or Process
1.3.1 Procedure A—This is a relatively severe test which
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
will rank metallic materials on a wide volume loss scale from
ASTM Test Methods
low to extreme abrasion resistance. It is particularly useful in
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
ranking materials of medium to extreme abrasion resistance.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.3.2 Procedure B—A short-term variation of Procedure A.
G40Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
It may be used for highly abrasive resistant materials but is
2.2 American Foundrymen’s Society Standards:
particularly useful in the ranking of medium- and low-
3
AFS Foundry Sand Handbook, 7thEdition
abrasive-resistant materials. Procedure B should be used when
thevolume–lossvaluesdevelopedbyProcedureAexceeds100
3
3. Terminology
mm .
1.3.3 Procedure C—A short-term variation of Procedure A
3.1 Definitions:
for use on thin coatings.
3.1.1 abrasive wear—wear due to hard particles or hard
1.3.4 Procedure D—This is a lighter load variation of
protuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface
ProcedureAwhichisparticularlyusefulinrankingmaterialsof
(Terminology G40).
low-abrasion resistance. It is also used in ranking materials of
NOTE 2—This definition covers several different wear modes or
a specific generic type or materials which would be very close
mechanisms that fall under the abrasive wear category.These modes may
in the volume loss rates as developed by Procedure A.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.30 on Abrasive contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Wear. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as G65–04 (2010). DOI: Available from American Foundrymen’s Society, Golf and Wolf Roads, Des
10.1520/G0065-15. Plaines, IL 60016.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G65−15
degrade a surface by scratching, cutting, deformation, or gouging (1 and
duplicate all of the process conditions (abrasive size, shape,
4
2).
pressure, impact, or corrosive elements), it should not be used
to predict the exact resistance of a given material in a specific
4. Summary of Test Method
environment. Its value lies in predicting the ranking of mate-
4.1 The dry sand/rubber wheel abrasion test (Fig. 1) in-
rials in a similar relative
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: G65 − 04 (Reapproved 2010) G65 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel
1
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G65; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for determining the resistance of metallic materials to scratching abrasion by
means of the dry sand/rubber wheel test. It is the intent of this test method to produce data that will reproducibly rank materials
in their resistance to scratching abrasion under a specified set of conditions.
1.2 Abrasion test results are reported as volume loss in cubic millimetres for the particular test procedure specified. Materials
of higher abrasion resistance will have a lower volume loss.
NOTE 1—In order to attain uniformity among laboratories, it is the intent of this test method to require that volume loss due to abrasion be reported
3 −5 3
only in the metric system as cubic millimetres. 1 mm1 mm = 6.102 × 10 in .
1.3 This test method covers five recommended procedures which are appropriate for specific degrees of wear resistance or
thicknesses of the test material.
1.3.1 Procedure A—This is a relatively severe test which will rank metallic materials on a wide volume loss scale from low to
extreme abrasion resistance. It is particularly useful in ranking materials of medium to extreme abrasion resistance.
1.3.2 Procedure B—A short-term variation of Procedure A. It may be used for highly abrasive resistant materials but is
particularly useful in the ranking of medium- and low-abrasive-resistant materials. Procedure B should be used when the
3
volume–loss values developed by Procedure A exceeds 100 mm .
1.3.3 Procedure C—A short-term variation of Procedure A for use on thin coatings.
1.3.4 Procedure D—This is a lighter load variation of Procedure A which is particularly useful in ranking materials of
low-abrasion resistance. It is also used in ranking materials of a specific generic type or materials which would be very close in
the volume loss rates as developed by Procedure A.
1.3.5 Procedure E—A short-term variation of Procedure B that is useful in the ranking of materials with medium- or
low-abrasion resistance.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
2.2 American Foundrymen’s Society Standards:
3
AFS Foundry Sand Handbook, 7th Edition
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.30 on Abrasive Wear.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2015. Published December 2010December 2015. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20042010
as G65–04. –04 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/G0065-04R10.10.1520/G0065-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Foundrymen’s Society, Golf and Wolf Roads, Des Plaines, IL 60016.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G65 − 15
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 abrasive wear—wear due to hard particles or hard protuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface
(Terminology G40).
NOTE 2—This definition covers several different wear modes or mechanisms that fall under the abrasive wear ca
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.