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ASTM E633-13

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Use of Thermocouples in Creep and Stress-Rupture Testing to 1800°F (1000°C) in Air

Standard Guide for Use of Thermocouples in Creep and Stress-Rupture Testing to 1800°F (1000°C) in Air

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 This guide presents techniques on the use of thermocouples and associated equipment for measuring temperature in creep and stress-rupture testing in air at temperatures up to 1800°F (1000°C). The duration of a creep test ranges from a few hours to several thousand hours or more at elevated temperatures, at least partially unattended by operators. Such tests are normally ended before test specimen failure. Stress-rupture tests may operate at higher stresses, higher temperatures, and for shorter times than creep tests, but they normally continue until the specimen has achieved its required life or has failed.  
6.2 Since creep and stress-rupture properties are highly sensitive to temperature, users should make every effort practicable to make accurate temperature measurements and provide stable control of the test temperature. The goal of this guide is to provide users with good pyrometric practice and techniques for precise temperature control for creep and stress-rupture testing.  
6.3 Techniques are given in this guide for maintaining a stable temperature throughout the period of test.  
6.4 If the techniques of this guide are followed, the difference between indicated temperature and true temperature, as used in E139, E292, and E21 will be reduced to the lowest practical level.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of ANSI thermocouple Types K, N, R, and S for creep and stress-rupture testing at temperatures up to 1800°F (1000°C) in air at one atmosphere of pressure. It does not cover the use of sheathed thermocouples.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2013
ICS
17.200.20 - Temperature-measuring instruments
Technical Committee
E28 - Mechanical Testing
Drafting Committee
E28.04 - Uniaxial Testing
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E633-13 - Standard Guide for Use of Thermocouples in Creep and Stress-Rupture Testing to 1800°F (1000°C) in AirASTM E633-13 - Standard Guide for Use of Thermocouples in Creep and Stress-Rupture Testing to 1800°F (1000°C) in Air
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REDLINE ASTM E633-13 - Standard Guide for Use of Thermocouples in Creep and Stress-Rupture Testing to 1800°F (1000°C) in AirREDLINE ASTM E633-13 - Standard Guide for Use of Thermocouples in Creep and Stress-Rupture Testing to 1800°F (1000°C) in Air
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REDLINE ASTM E633-13 - Standard Guide for Use of Thermocouples in Creep and Stress-Rupture Testing to 1800°F (1000°C) in Air
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E633 − 13
Standard Guide for
Use of Thermocouples in Creep and Stress-Rupture Testing
1
to 1800°F (1000°C) in Air
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E633; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This guide provides basic information, options, and guidelines to enable the user to apply
thermocouples, temperature measurement, and control equipment with sufficient accuracy to satisfy
the temperature requirements for creep and stress-rupture testing of materials.
1. Scope* E230Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
1.1 This guide covers the use ofANSI thermocouple Types
E292Test Methods for ConductingTime-for-Rupture Notch
K, N, R, and S for creep and stress-rupture testing at tempera-
Tension Tests of Materials
tures up to 1800°F (1000°C) in air at one atmosphere of
E344Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
pressure. It does not cover the use of sheathed thermocouples.
etry
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
E574Specification for Duplex, Base Metal Thermocouple
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Wire With Glass Fiber or Silica Fiber Insulation
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
E1129/E1129MSpecification for Thermocouple Connectors
and are not considered standard.
E1684Specification for Miniature Thermocouple Connec-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tors
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1 Definitions—Unless otherwise indicated, the definitions
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
given in Terminology E6 and E344 shall apply.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Classification
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 The following thermocouple types are identified in
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of MechanicalTesting
Tables E230:
E21TestMethodsforElevatedTemperatureTensionTestsof
Metallic Materials 4.1.1 Type K—Nickel—10 % chromium ( + ) versus
E139Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,
nickel—5% (aluminum, silicon) (−),
and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials
4.1.2 Type N—Nickel—14% chromium, 1.5% silicon (+)
E207TestMethodforThermalEMFTestofSingleThermo-
versus nickel—4.5% silicon—0.1% magnesium (−),
element Materials by Comparison with a Reference Ther-
4.1.3 Type R—Platinum—13% rhodium (+) versus plati-
moelement of Similar EMF-Temperature Properties
num (−),
E220Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
4.1.4 Type S—Platinum—10% rhodium (+) versus plati-
Comparison Techniques
num (−).
1 5. Summary of Guide
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical
TestingandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE28.04onUniaxialTesting.
5.1 This guide will help the user to conduct a creep or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originally
stress-rupture test with the highest degree of temperature
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E633–00(2005). DOI:
10.1520/E0633-13.
precision available. It provides information on the proper
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
application of thermocouples that are used to measure and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
control the temperature of the test specimen. It also points out
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. sources of error and suggests methods to eliminate them.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E633 − 13
6. Significance and Use electronic data acquisition systems measure the temperature
where the thermoelements connect to the input terminals and
6.1 This guide presents techniques on the use of thermo-
introduce a compensating emf to simulate the ice point.
couples and associated equipment for measuring temperature
7.2.1.3 The input connections shall be isothermal and
in creep and stress-rupture testing in air at temperatures up to
shielded from sudden changes of temperature.
1800°F (1000°C). The duration of a creep test ranges from a
few hours to several thousand hours or more at elevated
7.2.2 Recalibration—The accuracy of the temperature mea-
temperatures, at least part
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E633 − 00 (Reapproved 2005) E633 − 13
Standard Guide for
Use of Thermocouples in Creep and Stress-Rupture Testing
1
to 1800°F (1000°C) in Air
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E633; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This guide provides basic information, options, and guidelines to enable the user to apply
thermocouples, temperature measurement, and control equipment with sufficient accuracy to satisfy
the temperature requirements for creep and stress-rupture testing of materials.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide covers the use of ANSI thermocouple Types K, N, R, and S for creep and stress-rupture testing at temperatures
up to 1800°F (1000°C) in air at one atmosphere of pressure. It does not cover the use of sheathed thermocouples.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic Materials
E139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials
E207 Test Method for Thermal EMF Test of Single Thermoelement Materials by Comparison with a Reference Thermoelement
of Similar EMF-Temperature Properties
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
E292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch Tension Tests of Materials
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
E574 Specification for Duplex, Base Metal Thermocouple Wire With Glass Fiber or Silica Fiber Insulation
E1129/E1129M Specification for Thermocouple Connectors
E1684 Specification for Miniature Thermocouple Connectors
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Unless otherwise indicated, the definitions given in Terminology E6 and E344 shall apply.
4. Classification
4.1 The following thermocouple types are identified in Tables E230:
4.1.1 Type K—Nickel—10 % chromium ( + ) versus nickel—5 % (aluminum, silicon) (−),
4.1.2 Type N—Nickel—14 % chromium, 1.5 % silicon ( + ) versus nickel—4.5 % silicon—0.1 % magnesium (−),
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on Uniaxial Testing.
Current edition approved May 1, 2005Nov. 1, 2013. Published May 2005December 2013. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20002005 as
E633E633–00(2005).–00. DOI: 10.1520/E0633-00R05.10.1520/E0633-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E633 − 13
4.1.3 Type R—Platinum—13 % rhodium ( + ) versus platinum (−),
4.1.4 Type S—Platinum—10 % rhodium ( + ) versus platinum (−).
5. Summary of Guide
5.1 This guide will help the user to conduct a creep or stress-rupture test with the highest degree of temperature precision
available. It provides information on the proper application of thermocouples that are used to measure and control the temperature
of the test specimen. It also points out sources of error and suggests methods to eliminate them.
6. Significance and Use
6.1 This guide presents techniques on the use of thermocouples and associated equipment for measuring temperature in creep
and stress-rupture testing in air at temperatures up to 1800°F (1000°C). The duration of a creep
...

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ASTM E633-21a(Guide)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 This guide presents techniques on the use of thermocouples and associated equipment for measuring temperature in elevated-temperature mechanical testing under typical conditions. Test durations range from minutes for tension, compression, Young's modulus, and superplastic property tests to thousands of hours for creep, stress-rupture, creep rupture, notch tension, and stress-relaxation tests.  
6.2 Since elevated-temperature mechanical properties are highly sensitive to temperature, users should make every effort practicable to make accurate temperature measurements and provide stable control of the test temperature. The goal of this guide is to provide users with good pyrometric practice and techniques for precise temperature control for elevated-temperature mechanical testing.  
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1.1 This guide covers the use of ANSI thermocouple Types listed in Specification E230/E230M for elevated-temperature mechanical testing at temperatures typical in testing of metals.
Note 1: Typical conditions for mechanical testing are specified temperatures up to 1800 °F (982 °C) in air at one atmosphere of pressure.  
1.1.1 This guide focuses on most commonly used base metal and noble metal ANSI type K, N, R, and S thermocouples.  
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1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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4.1 The oxygen consumption principle, used for the measurements described here, is based on the observation that, generally, the net heat of combustion is directly related to the amount of oxygen required for combustion (1).7 Approximately 13.1 MJ of heat are released per 1 kg of oxygen consumed. Test specimens in the test are burned in ambient air conditions, while being subjected to a prescribed external heating source.  
4.1.1 This technique is not appropriate for use on its own when the combustible fuel is an oxidizer or an explosive agent, which release oxygen. Further analysis is required in such cases (see Appendix X2).  
4.2 The heat release is determined by the measurement of the oxygen consumption, as determined by the oxygen concentration and the flow rate in the combustion product stream, in a full scale environment.  
4.3 The primary measurements are oxygen concentration and exhaust gas flow rate. Additional measurements include the specimen ignitability, the smoke obscuration generated, the specimen mass loss rate, the effective heat of combustion and the yields of combustion products from the test specimen.  
4.4 The oxygen consumption technique is used in different types of test methods. Intermediate scale (Test Method E1623, UL 1975) and full scale (Test Method D5424, Test Method D5537, Test Method E1537, Test Method E1590, Test Method E1822, ISO 9705, NFPA 265, NFPA 266, NFPA 267, NFPA 286, UL 1685) test methods, as well as unstandardized room scale experiments following Guide E603, using this technique involve a large instrumented exhaust hood, where oxygen concentration is measured, either standing alone or positioned outside a doorway. A large test specimen is placed either under the hood or inside the room. This practice is intended to address issues associated with equipment requiring a large instrumented hood and not stand-alone test apparatuses with small test specimens.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
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ASTM
ASTM E2918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Performance Validation of Thermomechanical Analyzers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used to determine and validate the performance of a particular thermomechanical analyzer apparatus.  
5.2 This test method may be used to determine and validate the performance of a particular method based upon thermomechanical analyzer temperature or length change measurements.  
5.3 This test method may be used to determine the repeatability of a particular apparatus, operator, or laboratory.  
5.4 This test method may be used for specification and regulatory compliance purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for validating temperature and length change measurements of thermomechanical analyzers (TMA) and analytical methods based upon the measurement of temperature and length change. Performance parameters include temperature repeatability, linearity, and bias; and dimension change repeatability, detection limit, quantitation limit, linearity, and bias.  
1.2 Validation of apparatus performance and analytical methods is a necessary requirement for quality initiatives. Results may also be used for legal purposes.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E235/E235M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Type K and Type N Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Thermocouples for Nuclear or for Other High-Reliability Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for sheathed, Type K and N thermocouples for nuclear service. This specification can be used for sheathed thermocouples which are required for laboratory or general commercial applications where the environmental conditions exceed normal service requirements. The measuring junction styles for thermocouples are as follows: Style G2 (grounded) in which measuring junction is electrically connected to conductive sheaths and Style U2 (ungrounded) in which measuring junctions are electrically isolated from conductive sheaths and from reference ground. Different properties of the sheath such as integrity, cracks, voids, inclusions, surface finish, surface defect, and metallurgical structure shall be determined by performing different tests. Insulation resistance between thermoelements and the sheath shall be measured as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for simplex, compacted mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed (MIMS), Type K and N thermocouples for nuclear or other high reliability service. Depending on size, these thermocouples are normally suitable for operating temperatures to 1652 °F [900 °C]; special conditions of environment and life expectancy may permit their use at temperatures in excess of 2012 °F [1100 °C]. This specification was prepared to detail requirements for this type of MIMS thermocouple for use in nuclear environments, but they can also be used for laboratory or general commercial applications where the environmental conditions exceed normal service requirements. The intended use of a MIMS thermocouple in a specific nuclear application will require evaluation of the compatibility of the thermocouple, including the effect of the temperature, atmosphere, and integrated neutron flux on the materials and accuracy of the thermoelements in the proposed application by the purchaser.  
1.2 This specification does not attempt to include all possible specifications, standards, etc., for materials that may be used as sheathing, insulation, and thermocouple wires for sheathed-type construction. The requirements of this specification include only the austenitic stainless steels and other alloys as allowed by Specification E585/E585M for sheathing, magnesium oxide or aluminum oxide as insulation, and Type K and N thermocouple wires for thermoelements (see Note 1).  
1.3 General Design—Nominal sizes of the finished thermocouples shall be 0.0400 in., 0.0625 in., 0.125 in., 0.1875 in., or 0.250 in. [1.000 mm, 1.500 mm, 3.000 mm, 4.500 mm, or 6.000 mm]. Sheath dimensions and tolerances for each nominal size shall be in accordance with Table 1 and Figs. 1 and 2. The measuring junction styles for thermocouples covered by this specification are as follows:  
FIG. 1 Grounded Measuring Junction, Style G  
FIG. 2 Ungrounded Measuring Junction, Style U  
1.3.1 Style G2  (grounded)—The measuring junction is electrically connected to its conductive sheath, and  
1.3.2 Style U2 (ungrounded)—The measuring junction is electrically isolated from its conductive sheath and from reference ground.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents or conversions; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recomm...

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ASTM
ASTM E1350-18(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Testing Sheathed Thermocouples, Thermocouple Assemblies, and Connecting Wires Prior to, and After Installation or Service

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test procedures confirm and document that the thermocouple assembly was not damaged prior to or during the installation process and that the extension wires are properly connected.  
5.2 The test procedures should be used when thermocouple assemblies are first installed in their working environment.  
5.3 In the event of subsequent thermocouple failure, these procedures will provide benchmark data to verify failure and may help to identify the cause of failure.  
5.4 The usefulness and purpose of the applicable tests will be found within each category.  
5.5 These tests are not meant to ensure that the thermocouple assembly will measure temperatures accurately. Such assurance is derived from proper thermocouple and instrumentation selection and proper placement in the location at which the temperature is to be measured. For further information, the reader is directed to MNL 12, Manual on the Use of the Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement2 which is an excellent reference document on metal sheathed thermocouple uses.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods for users to test metal sheathed thermocouple assemblies, including the extension wires just prior to and after installation or some period of service.  
1.2 The tests are intended to ensure that the thermocouple assemblies have not been damaged during storage or installation, to ensure that the extension wires have been attached to connectors and terminals with the correct polarity, and to provide benchmark data for later reference when testing to assess possible damage of the thermocouple assembly after operation. Some of these tests may not be appropriate for thermocouples that have been exposed to temperatures higher than the recommended limits for the particular type.  
1.3 The tests described herein include methods to measure the following characteristics of installed sheathed thermocouple assemblies and to provide benchmark data for determining if the thermocouple assembly has been subsequently damaged in operation:  
1.3.1 Loop Resistance:  
1.3.1.1 Thermoelements,
1.3.1.2 Combined extension wires and thermoelements.  
1.3.2 Insulation Resistance:  
1.3.2.1 Insulation, thermocouple assembly,
1.3.2.2 Insulation, thermocouple assembly and extension wires.  
1.3.3 Seebeck Voltage:  
1.3.3.1 Thermoelements,
1.3.3.2 Combined extension wires and thermocouple assembly.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E585/E585M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Compacted Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed, Base Metal Thermocouple Cable

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the required material, processing and testing requirements, and also the optional supplementary testing and quality assurance and verification choices for compacted, mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed, base metal thermocouple cables with at least two thermoelements. The material of construction includes standard base metal thermoelements, austenitic stainless steel or other corrosion resistant sheath material, and either magnesia (MgO) or alumina (Al2O3) insulation. The required tests to which the thermocouple cables shall undergo for quality verification are dimensions, insulation resistance at room temperature, calibration, electrical continuity, insulation density, sheath integrity, and EMF versus temperature values.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for compacted, mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed (MIMS), base metal thermocouple cable,2 with at least two thermoelements.3  
1.2 This specification describes the required material, processing and testing requirements, optional supplementary testing, quality assurance, and verification choices.  
1.3 The material of construction includes standard base metal thermoelements, austenitic stainless steel or other corrosion resistant sheath material, and either magnesia (MgO) or alumina (Al2O3) insulation.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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