ASTM E2103-06
(Classification)Standard Classification for Bridge Elements and Related Approach Work
Standard Classification for Bridge Elements and Related Approach Work
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This classification defines bridge elements that are major components of most bridges. The elemental clarification is the common thread linking activities and participants in a bridge project from initial planning through operations, maintenance, and disposal.
The users of this classification include federal, state, county and city officials, cost planners, estimators, schedulers, engineers, project/program managers, specification writers, operating and maintenance staff, manufacturers, and educators.
Use this classification when doing the following:
4.3.1 Estimating and controlling costs during planning, design, and construction. Use this classification to prepare budgets and to establish elemental cost plans before design begins. The project manager uses cost plans to control project cost, time, and quality, and to set design-to-cost targets.
4.3.2 Conducting value engineering workshops. Use this classification as a checklist to ensure that alternatives for all elements of significant cost in the bridge project are analyzed in the creativity phase of the job plan. Also, use the elemental cost data to expedite the development of cost models for bridge systems.
4.3.3 Developing initial project master schedules. Since projects are built element by element, this classification is an appropriate basis for preparing construction schedules at the start of the design process.
4.3.4 Structuring cost manuals and recording construction, operating, and maintenance costs in a computer database. Having a cost manual or computer database in an elemental format assists the preparation of an economic analysis early in the design stage and at a reasonable cost.
4.3.5 Structuring preliminary project descriptions during the conceptual design phase. This classification facilitates the description of the scope of the project in a clear, concise, and logical sequence for presentation to the client; it provides the basis for the preparation of more detailed elemental estim...
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers bridge elements and related approach work. Elements, as defined here, are major components common to most bridges. Elements usually perform a given function, regardless of the design specification, construction method, or materials used. This classification serves as a consistent reference for analysis, evaluation, cost estimating, and monitoring during the feasibility, planning and design stages of bridges. It also enhances reporting at all stages from feasibility and planning through the preparation of working documents, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, and disposal.
1.2 This classification applies to bridges and related approach work. It excludes specialized structures such as signs and signals related to general highway use, but it does include bridge parapets, medians, drainage, and barriers needed to lessen vehicular impact.
1.3 This classification is similar to the E 1557
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E2103 – 06
Standard Classification for
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Bridge Elements and Related Approach Work
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2103; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This classification covers bridge elements and related 4.1 This classification defines bridge elements that are
approach work. Elements, as defined here, are major compo- major components of most bridges. The elemental clarification
nents common to most bridges. Elements usually perform a is the common thread linking activities and participants in a
given function, regardless of the design specification, construc- bridge project from initial planning through operations, main-
tion method, or materials used. This classification serves as a tenance, and disposal.
consistent reference for analysis, evaluation, cost estimating, 4.2 The users of this classification include federal, state,
and monitoring during the feasibility, planning and design county and city officials, cost planners, estimators, schedulers,
stages of bridges. It also enhances reporting at all stages from engineers, project/program managers, specification writers,
feasibility and planning through the preparation of working operating and maintenance staff, manufacturers, and educators.
documents, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, and dis- 4.3 Use this classification when doing the following:
posal. 4.3.1 Estimating and controlling costs during planning,
1.2 This classification applies to bridges and related ap- design, and construction. Use this classification to prepare
proach work. It excludes specialized structures such as signs budgets and to establish elemental cost plans before design
and signals related to general highway use, but it does include begins. The project manager uses cost plans to control project
bridge parapets, medians, drainage, and barriers needed to cost, time, and quality, and to set design-to-cost targets.
lessen vehicular impact. 4.3.2 Conducting value engineering workshops. Use this
1.3 This classification is similar to the Classification E1557. classification as a checklist to ensure that alternatives for all
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the elements of significant cost in the bridge project are analyzed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the in the creativity phase of the job plan. Also, use the elemental
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- cost data to expedite the development of cost models for bridge
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- systems.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4.3.3 Developing initial project master schedules. Since
projects are built element by element, this classification is an
2. Referenced Documents
appropriate basis for preparing construction schedules at the
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
start of the design process.
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions 4.3.4 Structuring cost manuals and recording construction,
E833 Terminology of Building Economics
operating, and maintenance costs in a computer database.
E1557 Classification for Building Elements and Related Having a cost manual or computer database in an elemental
Sitework—UNIFORMAT II
format assists the preparation of an economic analysis early in
the design stage and at a reasonable cost.
3. Terminology
4.3.5 Structuringpreliminaryprojectdescriptionsduringthe
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this clas-
conceptual design phase. This classification facilitates the
sification, refer to Terminologies E631 and E833.
description of the scope of the project in a clear, concise, and
logical sequence for presentation to the client; it provides the
basis for the preparation of more detailed elemental estimates
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This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
during the early concept and preliminary design phases, and it
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81
on Building Economics. enhances communication between designers and clients by
Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originally
providing a clear statement of the designer’s intent.
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E2103 – 00. DOI:
10.1520/E2103-06.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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