ASTM E563-22

Standard Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference Temperature

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is adequate for use with other ASTM standards that specify the ice point as a reference. It is also intended to be adequate for most other ice-point reference purposes.  
5.2 The ice point is a common practical industrial reference point of thermometry. The ice point is relatively simple to realize and provides a readily available natural fixed-point reference temperature.  
5.3 Use in Resistance Thermometry:  
5.3.1 The ice point was a defining fixed point on practical temperature scales prior to 1960.  
5.3.2 The ITS-90 defines W(T90) = R(T90)/R(273.16 K), the measured resistance ratio of a Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer (SPRT), in reference to the water triple point, not the ice point (1).3 In many instances, where the water triple point is not available, or when the accuracy obtainable with the water triple point is not required, reference to a properly established and maintained ice-point reference is used. For industrial-quality resistance thermometers, the resistance value is determined for 0 °C, and an uncertainty that is appropriate for the quality of the ice-point realization is assigned.  
5.4 Use in Thermoelectric Thermometry:  
5.4.1 In thermoelectric thermometry, the ice point is ordinarily used as the reference temperature (2).  
5.4.2 Adequate thermoelectric reference requires that thermocouple junctions be well-coupled thermally to the bath, electrically isolated from each other and from the bath, and adequately immersed to avoid perturbing the reference-junction temperatures by radiation and longitudinal conduction of heat along the thermoelements (3 and 4).  
5.5 Use in Liquid-in-Glass Thermometry:  
5.5.1 In liquid-in-glass thermometry, the ice point is ordinarily used as the reference temperature (5).  
5.5.2 The periodic recalibration of a liquid-in-glass thermometer at the ice point provides a reliable indication of the effect of gradual relaxation of residual mechanical strains in the glass that have a...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a method of preparing, maintaining, and using a temperature reference bath of a mixture of shaved ice and water, saturated with air at a pressure of 101 325 Pa (1 atm).  
1.2 An industrial practice for relating values referenced to the ice point and to the water triple point on the ITS-90 is included.  
1.3 Methods to promote uniformity of bath temperature by mechanical stirring or agitation are not described in detail.  
1.4 Methods of approximating the ice point, as by thermostatically-controlled refrigeration, are not covered by this practice.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2022
• ICS: 71.040.20 - Laboratory ware and related apparatus
• Technical Committee: E20 - Temperature Measurement
• Drafting Committee: E20.07 - Fundamentals in Thermometry

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E563 − 22
Standard Practice for
Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference
1
Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E563; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 Thispracticecoversamethodofpreparing,maintaining, 3.1 Definitions—Definitions given in Terminology E344,
and using a temperature reference bath of a mixture of shaved unless otherwise defined herein, apply to terms as used in this
ice and water, saturated with air at a pressure of 101 325 Pa (1 practice.
atm).
3.2 Temperature relationships given in Guide E1594, unless
1.2 An industrial practice for relating values referenced to otherwise defined herein, apply to temperature values as used
the ice point and to the water triple point on the ITS-90 is in this practice.
included.
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 Methods to promote uniformity of bath temperature by 3.3.1 ice-point bath, n—physical system containing ice and
mechanical stirring or agitation are not described in detail. water assembled to realize the ice point as a reference
temperature, or to establish a constant temperature near 0 °C.
1.4 Methods of approximating the ice point, as by
thermostatically-controlled refrigeration, are not covered by
4. Summary of Practice
this practice.
4.1 The ice-point bath described by this practice consists of
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
an intimate mixture, without voids, of pure shaved ice or ice
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
particles and distilled air-saturated water in a thermally insu-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
lating vessel open to the atmosphere.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.2 The ice bath realization of the ice point physically
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
approximates, with small uncertainty, a natural fixed-point
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
temperature.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.2.1 An ice-point bath prepared by rigorous application of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
this practice, using distilled-water ice and air-saturated, chilled
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
distilled water, typically has a temperature of 0.000 °C 6
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
0.002 °C at a barometric pressure of 101 325 Pa (1 standard
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
atmosphere). See Section 8, Precision and Bias.
4.2.2 The ice-point bath is open to the atmosphere. Equili-
2. Referenced Documents
bration of the liquid phase of the ice bath with the air is
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
necessary for a stable equilibrium temperature. Changes in the
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
localatmosphericpressurewillresultincorrespondingchanges
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
in the ice bath temperature (see 8.5.4, Precision and Bias).
etry
4.3 The ice-bath temperature can also be measured with an
E1594 Guide for Expression of Temperature
accurately calibrated thermometer or compared to a water
triple point cell and the bath temperature reported as the
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE20onTemperature measured temperature with an uncertainty that is attributed to
Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.07 on Funda-
the measurement, not to the ice point.
mentals in Thermometry.
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published August 2022. Originally
5. Significance and Use
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E563 – 11 (2016).
DOI: 10.1520/E0563-22.
5.1 This practice is adequate for use with other ASTM
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
standards that specify the ice point as a reference. It is also
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
intended to be adequate for most other ice-point reference
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. purposes.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E563 − 22
5.2 The ice point is a common practical industrial reference delayed l
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E563 − 11 (Reapproved 2016) E563 − 22
Standard Practice for
Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference
1
Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E563; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers a method of preparing, maintaining, and using a temperature reference bath of a mixture of shaved ice
and water, saturated with air at a pressure of 101 325 Pa 101 325 Pa (1 atm).
1.2 An industrial practice for relating values referenced to the ice point and to the water triple point on the ITS-90 is included.
1.3 Methods to promote uniformity of bath temperature by mechanical stirring or agitation are not described in detail.
1.4 Methods of approximating the ice point, as by thermostatically-controlled refrigeration, are not covered by this practice.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
E1594 Guide for Expression of Temperature
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions given in Terminology E344, unless otherwise defined herein, apply to terms as used in this practice.
3.2 Temperature relationships given in Guide E1594, unless otherwise defined herein, apply to temperature values as used in this
practice.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.07 on Fundamentals
in Thermometry.
Current edition approved May 1, 2016May 1, 2022. Published May 2016August 2022. Originally approved in 1976. Discontinued February 1996 and reinstated in 1997
as E563 – 97.Last previous ediitonedition approved in 20112016 as E563 – 11.E563 – 11 (2016). DOI: 10.1520/E0563-11R16.10.1520/E0563-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E563 − 22
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.3.1 ice-point bath, n—physical system containing ice and water assembled to realize the ice point as a reference temperature,
or to establish a constant temperature near 0 °C.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The ice-point bath described by this practice consists of an intimate mixture, without voids, of pure shaved ice or ice particles
and distilled air-saturated water in a thermally insulating vessel open to the atmosphere.
4.2 The ice bath realization of the ice point physically approximates, with small uncertainty, a natural fixed-point temperature.
4.2.1 An ice-point bath prepared by rigorous application of this practice, using distilled-water ice and air-saturated, chilled
distilled water, typically has a temperature of 0.0000.000 °C 6 0.002 °C at a barometric pressure of 101,325101 325 Pa (1 standard
atmosphere). See Section 8, Precision and Bias.
4.2.2 The ice-point bath is open to the atmosphere. The solubility of air in water, which affects phase change, is directly
proportional to the atmospheric pressure. The effect of barometric pressure on the pure ice point is −74 nK/Pa (−7.5 mK/atm). With
saturated air in solution, the effect is increased to approximately -0.1 μK/Pa (-10 mK/atm). The initial pressure gradient with
elevation in the atmosphere is approximately -11.4 Pa/m. Accordingly, the change in the air-saturated ice-point temperature
resulting from an increase in elevation
...