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ASTM D1193-06

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Reagent Water

Standard Specification for Reagent Water

ABSTRACT
This specification describes the required characteristics of reagent waters. Four types of waters have been specified, with three additional grades that can be applied to the four types. The grade specifications specifically address contaminants of microbiological origin. Historically, reagent water types I, II, III, and IV have been linked to specific processes for their production. Starting with this revision, these types of waters may be produced with alternate technologies as long as the appropriate constituent specifications are met. The electrical conductivity and resistance, pH, silica, sodium, chlorides, TOC, endotoxins, and microbiological contamination shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes the required characteristics of waters deemed suitable for use with the Standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM.
1.2 The alphanumeric characters ascribed to water types and grades are specified in the ASTM Format and Style Manual. These have been assigned in order of historical precedence and should not be taken as an indication of a progression in water purity.
1.3 Four types of waters have been specified, with three additional grades that can be applied to the four types. The grade specifications specifically address contaminants of microbiological origin.
1.4 All applicable ASTM Standards are expected to reference one or more of these reagent water types where reagent water is needed as a component of an analytical measurement process. Where a different water type or grade is needed for an ASTM Standard, it may be added to this Specification through the ASTM Standard revision process.
1.5 Although these water types and associated grades have been defined specifically for use with ASTM Standards, they may be appropriate for other applications. It is the responsibility of the users of this standard to ensure that the selected water types or grades are suitable for their intended use. Historically, reagent water Types I, II, III, and IV have been linked to specific processes for their production. Starting with this revision, these types of waters may be produced with alternate technologies as long as the appropriate constituent specifications are met and that water so produced has been shown to be appropriate for the application where the use of such water is specified. Therefore, the selection of an alternate technology in place of the technology specified in should be made taking into account the potential impact of other contaminants such as microorganism and pyrogens. Such contaminants were not necessarily considered by the performance characteristics of the technology previously specified.
1.6 Guidance for applications, the preparation, use and monitoring, storage, handling, distribution, testing of these specified waters and validation of the water purification system is provided in of this document.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2006
ICS
71.040.30 - Chemical reagents
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.02 - Quality Systems, Specification, and Statistics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1193-99e1 - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM G140-02(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determining Atmospheric Chloride Deposition Rate by Wet Candle Method
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM C1254-18 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Uranium in Mineral Acids by X-Ray Fluorescence
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D1743-22 - Standard Test Method for Determining Corrosion Preventive Properties of Lubricating Greases
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM G157-98(2018) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Corrosion Properties of Wrought Iron- and Nickel-Based Corrosion Resistant Alloys for Chemical Process Industries
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D8402-23 - Standard Practice for Development of Microplastic Reference Samples for Calibration and Proficiency Evaluation in All Types of Water Matrices with High to Low Levels of Suspended Solids
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5513-22 - Standard Practice for Microwave Digestion of Industrial Furnace Feed Streams and Waste for Trace Element Analysis
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM E1297-18 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Fast-Neutron Reaction Rates by Radioactivation of Niobium
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7785-21 - Standard Practice for Water in Lint Cotton by Oven Evaporation Combined with Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM E104-20a - Standard Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity by Means of Aqueous Solutions
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6971-22 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Hindered Phenolic and Aromatic Amine Antioxidant Content in Non-zinc Turbine Oils by Linear Sweep Voltammetry
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM E224-23 - Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Hydrochloric Acid
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D8516-23 - Standard Test Method for Quantification of Culturable Waterborne Bacteria Using a Defined Culture Medium Coated Plate
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7591-12(2017) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Free and Total Glycerin in Biodiesel Blends by Anion Exchange Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D4742-23 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline Automotive Engine Oils by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT)
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006

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ASTM D1193-06 - Standard Specification for Reagent WaterASTM D1193-06 - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
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ASTM D1193-06 - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Federal Test Method
Designation: D1193 – 06 Standard No. 7916
Standard Specification for
1
Reagent Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1193; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.6 Guidance for applications, the preparation, use and
monitoring, storage, handling, distribution, testing of these
1.1 This specification describes the required characteristics
specifiedwatersandvalidationofthewaterpurificationsystem
of waters deemed suitable for use with the Standards under the
is provided in Appendix X1 of this document.
jurisdiction of ASTM.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2 Thealphanumericcharactersascribedtowatertypesand
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
grades are specified in the ASTM Format and Style Manual.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Thesehavebeenassignedinorderofhistoricalprecedenceand
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
should not be taken as an indication of a progression in water
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
purity.
1.3 Four types of waters have been specified, with three
2. Referenced Documents
additional grades that can be applied to the four types. The
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
grade specifications specifically address contaminants of mi-
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-
crobiological origin.
tivity of Water
1.4 All applicable ASTM Standards are expected to refer-
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
ence one or more of these reagent water types where reagent
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
water is needed as a component of an analytical measurement
3
D4453 PracticeforHandlingofUltra-PureWaterSamples
process.Where a different water type or grade is needed for an
D4517 Test Method for Low-Level Total Silica in High-
ASTM Standard, it may be added to this Specification through
Purity Water by Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectros-
the ASTM Standard revision process.
copy
1.5 Although these water types and associated grades have
D5128 Test Method for On-Line pH Measurement ofWater
been defined specifically for use with ASTM Standards, they
of Low Conductivity
may be appropriate for other applications. It is the responsi-
D5173 Test Method for On-Line Monitoring of Carbon
bility of the users of this standard to ensure that the selected
CompoundsinWaterbyChemicalOxidation,byUVLight
water types or grades are suitable for their intended use.
Oxidation, by Both, or by High Temperature Combustion
Historically, reagent water Types I, II, III, and IV have been
Followed by Gas Phase NDIR or by Electrolytic Conduc-
linked to specific processes for their production. Starting with
tivity
this revision, these types of waters may be produced with
D5245 Practice for Cleaning Laboratory Glassware, Plas-
alternate technologies as long as the appropriate constituent
ticware, and Equipment Used in MicrobiologicalAnalyses
specifications are met and that water so produced has been
D5391 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-
shown to be appropriate for the application where the use of
tivity of a Flowing High Purity Water Sample
such water is specified. Therefore, the selection of an alternate
D5542 TestMethodsforTraceAnionsinHighPurityWater
technology in place of the technology specified in Table 1
by Ion Chromatography
should be made taking into account the potential impact of
D5997 Test Method for On-Line Monitoring of Total Car-
othercontaminantssuchasmicroorganismandpyrogens.Such
bon, Inorganic Carbon in Water by Ultraviolet, Persulfate
contaminants were not necessarily considered by the perfor-
Oxidation, and Membrane Conductivity Detection
mance characteristics of the technology previously specified.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the responsibility of Subcommittee D19.02 on General Specifications,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Technical Resources, and Statistical Methods.
the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved March 1, 2006. Published March 2006. Originally
DeterminationofTraceSilicainIndustrialProcessWatersbyFlamelessAtomic
´1
approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D1193–99 . DOI:
AbsorptionSpectrometry,JudithRawaandEarlHenn, Analytical Chemistry,Vol51,
10.1520/D1
...

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ASTM D1193-06(2018)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Reagent Water

ABSTRACT
This specification describes the required characteristics of reagent waters. Four types of waters have been specified, with three additional grades that can be applied to the four types. The grade specifications specifically address contaminants of microbiological origin. Historically, reagent water types I, II, III, and IV have been linked to specific processes for their production. Starting with this revision, these types of waters may be produced with alternate technologies as long as the appropriate constituent specifications are met. The electrical conductivity and resistance, pH, silica, sodium, chlorides, TOC, endotoxins, and microbiological contamination shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
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1.1 This specification describes the required characteristics of waters deemed suitable for use with the standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM.  
1.2 The alphanumeric characters ascribed to water types and grades are specified in the manual, Form and Style for ASTM Standards. These have been assigned in order of historical precedence and should not be taken as an indication of a progression in water purity.  
1.3 Four types of waters have been specified, with three additional grades that can be applied to the four types. The grade specifications specifically address contaminants of microbiological origin.  
1.4 All applicable ASTM Standards are expected to reference one or more of these reagent water types where reagent water is needed as a component of an analytical measurement process. Where a different water type or grade is needed for an ASTM Standard, it may be added to this Specification through the ASTM Standard revision process.  
1.5 Although these water types and associated grades have been defined specifically for use with ASTM Standards, they may be appropriate for other applications. It is the responsibility of the users of this specification to ensure that the selected water types or grades are suitable for their intended use. Historically, reagent water Types I, II, III, and IV have been linked to specific processes for their production. Starting with this revision, these types of waters may be produced with alternate technologies as long as the appropriate constituent specifications are met and that water so produced has been shown to be appropriate for the application where the use of such water is specified. Therefore, the selection of an alternate technology in place of the technology specified in Table 1 should be made taking into account the potential impact of other contaminants such as microorganism and pyrogens. Such contaminants were not necessarily considered by the performance characteristics of the technology previously specified. (A) Type I grade of reagent water shall be prepared by distillation or other equal process, followed by polishing with a mixed bed of ion-exchange materials and a 0.2-µm membrane filter. Feed water to the final polishing step must have a maximum conductivity of 20 µS/cm at 298K (25°C). Type I reagent water may be produced with alternate technologies as long as the appropriate constituent specifications are met and that water so produced has been shown to be appropriate for the application where the use of such water is specified.(B) Type II grade of reagent water shall be prepared by distillation using a still designed to produce a distillate having a conductivity of less than 1.0 µS/cm at 298 K (25°C). Ion exchange, distillation, or reverse osmosis and organic adsorption may be required prior to distillation, if the purity cannot be attained by single distillation. Type II reagent water may be produced with alternate technologies as long as the appropriate constituent specifications are met and that water so produced has been shown to be appropriate for the application where the use of such water is specified.(C) Type III grade of reagent water shall be prepared by distillation, ion exchange, continuous electrodeionization, r...

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ASTM D5542-16(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Trace Anions in High Purity Water by Ion Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The anions fluoride, chloride, and sulfate have been identified as important contributors to corrosion of high pressure boilers, electric power turbines and their associated heat exchangers. Many electric power utilities attempt to reduce these contaminants in their boiler feed water to less than 1 μg/L.  
4.2 In the semiconductor manufacturing process these ions, among others, have been identified as a cause of low product yield and, thus, must be monitored and controlled to levels similar to those required by the electric power industry.  
4.3 Low molecular weight organic acids, such as acetate and formate, have been found in many steam generator feed waters and condensates. They are believed to come from the high temperature breakdown of organic matter found in boiler make up water. It is felt that these organic acids promote corrosion by lowering the pH of boiler waters and may even be corrosive themselves.  
4.4 Such low molecular weight organics may also be produced when ultraviolet light is used to produce bacteria-free water for semiconductor processing. Such polar organic contaminants are suspected of causing reduced semiconductor yields.  
4.5 Phosphates are commonly added to drum boilers in the low mg/L level to precipitate calcium and magnesium and thereby prevent scale formation. Ion chromatography can be used to monitor the concentration of such chemicals in boiler water, as well as detect unwanted carry-over into the steam.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of trace (μg/L) levels of fluoride, acetate, formate, chloride, phosphate, and sulfate in high purity water using ion chromatography in combination with sample preconcentration. Other anions, such as bromide, nitrite, nitrate, sulfite, and iodide can be determined by this method. However, since they are rarely present in significant concentrations in high purity water, they are not included in this test method. Two test methods are presented and their ranges of application, as determined by a collaborative study, are as follows:    
Range Tested
(μg/L Added)  
Limit of DetectionA
(Single Operator)
(μg/L)  
Sections  
Test Method A:  
7–16  
Chloride  
0–24  
0.8  
Phosphate  
0–39  
B  
Sulfate  
0–55  
1.8  
Test Method B:  
17–24  
Fluoride  
0–14  
0.7  
Acetate  
0–414  
6.8  
Formate  
0–346  
5.6  
(A) Limit of detection is lowest measurable concentration not reportable as zero at 99 % level of confidence as per EPRI study as cited in Sections 16 and 24.(B) Insufficient data to calculate limit of detection.  
1.2 It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.  
1.3 The common practical range of Test Method A is as follows: chloride, 1 to 100 μg/L, phosphate, 3 to 100 μg/L, and sulfate, 2 to 100 μg/L.  
1.4 The common practical range of Test Method B is as follows: fluoride, 1 to 100 μg/L, acetate, 10 to 200 μg/L, and formate, 5 to 200 μg/L.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method has been found useful for the determination of the specific surface area of catalysts and catalyst carriers in the range from 0.05 m2/g to 10 m2/g for materials specification, manufacturing control, and research and development in the evaluation of catalysts. The determination of surface area of catalysts and catalyst carriers above 10 m2/g is addressed in Test Method D3663 – Surface Area of Catalyst and Catalyst Carriers – and is appropriate for most samples with specific surface areas above 1 m2/g.
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5.1 This test method is to be used for measuring the vibratory packing density of formed particles that will not break up during sampling, filling, or vibrating of the measuring cylinder under test conditions.
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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Standard Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Storage of Standard and Reagent Solutions for Chemical Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The accuracy of many analytical measurements is dependent upon the manner in which the standard solutions are prepared and stored, and the accuracy with which they are standardized. Combining the methods recommended for the preparation and handling of such solutions into one practice eliminates the necessity for covering such details in all of the methods wherein the solutions are used.
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1.1 This practice covers procedures for the preparation, standardization, and storage of the standard volumetric solutions and reagent testing solutions commonly used in chemical analysis.  
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Sections  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Significance and Use  
4  
Apparatus  
5  
Temperature effects  
6  
Measurements  
7  
Reagents  
8  
Concentration of solutions  
9  
Mixing of solutions  
10  
Storage of solutions  
11  
Preparation and standardization of solutions  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Sodium hydroxide solution, 0.02 to 1.0 meq/mL (N)  
14 to 19  
Hydrochloric acid, 0.02 to 1.0 meq/mL (N)  
20 to 28  
Sulfuric acid, 0.02 to 1.0 meq/mL (N)  
29 to 33  
Hydrochloric acid, special 1 meq/mL (N)  
34 to 38  
Sulfuric acid, special 1 meq/mL (N)  
39 to 43  
Silver nitrate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N)  
44 to 48  
Ammonium thiocyanate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N)  
49 to 53  
Iodine solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N)  
54 to 58  
Sodium thiosulfate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N)  
59 to 63  
Potassium permanganate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N)  
64 to 68  
Potassium dichromate solution, 0.1 meq/mL(N)  
69 to 73  
Methanolic sodium hydroxide solution, 0.5 meq/mL (N)  
74 to 79  
Ceric sulfate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N)  
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85 to 89  
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90 to 94  
Standard ion solutions  
95  
Nonstandardized reagent solutions and indicator solutions  
96  
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5.1 The particle size of fine mesh and powdered activated carbon is sometimes used to evaluate filter cake filtration rates and the filter penetration in filtering applications.  
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Note 1: Relative humidity (RH) can affect the repeatability and accuracy of this test. Activated carbon not at equilibrium with the RH of the ambient air may lose or gain weight accordingly, dependent upon whether the carbon picks up or loses moisture.
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Standard Test Method for Mechanically Tapped Density of Activated Carbon (Powdered and Fine Mesh)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine the density expressed in g/mL for powdered or fine mesh carbon. Due to the nature of the small particles, the density of these carbon types cannot be measured using the same procedure as granular carbon.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanically tapped density of powdered and fine mesh activated carbon. For the purpose of this test method, “powdered carbon” is defined as having a mean particle diameter less than 45 µm, and “fine mesh carbon” is defined as having a particle size predominately between 80 and 325 U.S. Standard mesh.  
1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measure are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D2867-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Moisture in Activated Carbon

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The moisture content of activated carbon is often required to define and express its properties in relation to the net weight of the carbon.  
4.2 The moisture content of activated carbon packed in typical shipping containers will usually increase during transportation and storage. Users of activated carbon in applications where low moisture content is important should be aware of this effect.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods provide three procedures for the determination of the moisture content of activated carbon. The procedures may also be used to dry samples required for other tests. The oven drying and moisture balance methods are used when water is the only volatile material present and is in significant quantities, and the activated carbon is not heat sensitive (some activated carbons can ignite spontaneously at temperatures as low as 150 °C). The xylene extraction method is used when a carbon is known or suspected to be heat sensitive or to contain miscible organic compounds instead of or in addition to water. The interferences posed by miscible inorganic compounds has not been determined. The oven drying method described in these test methods may be used as the reference for development of instrumental techniques for moisture determination in activated carbon.  
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5.1 This test method is intended to provide information concerning the ability of a powdered catalyst to resist particle size reduction during use in a fluidized environment.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative attrition characteristics of FCC catalysts by means of air jet attrition. Other fine powder catalysts can be analyzed by this test method, but the precision of this test method has been determined only for FCC catalysts. It is applicable to spherically or irregularly shaped particles which range in size between 10 and 180 μm, have skeletal densities between 2.4 and 3.0 g/cm3 (2400 and 3000 kg/m3) (see IEEE/ASTM SI-10) and are insoluble in water. Particles less than 20 μm are considered fines. (See Terminology D3766.)  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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    English language
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