ASTM E438-92(2024)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Glasses in Laboratory Apparatus
Standard Specification for Glasses in Laboratory Apparatus
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the glasses commonly used to manufacture laboratory glass apparatus. Three types of glasses are included: Type I, Class A which is a low-expansion borosilicate glass, Type I, Class B which is an alumino-borosilicate glass, and Type II which is a soda-lime glass. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following properties of glasses: linear coefficient of expansion, annealing point, softening point, density, and chemical durability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the glasses commonly used to manufacture laboratory glass apparatus.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E438 − 92 (Reapproved 2024)
Standard Specification for
Glasses in Laboratory Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E438; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
1.1 This specification covers the glasses commonly used to
manufacture laboratory glass apparatus.
3. Classification
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1 Three types are included, as follows:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.1 Type I, Class A—A low-expansion borosilicate glass.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.2 Type I, Class B—An alumino-borosilicate glass.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.3 Type II—A soda-lime glass.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Chemical Requirements
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 The Type I, Class A and B glasses shall have the major
2.1 ASTM Standards:
constituents and comply with the restrictions on trace constitu-
C225 Test Methods for Resistance of Glass Containers to
ents given in Table 1. The major constituents will be varied to
Chemical Attack
maintain the physical requirements as shown.
C338 Test Method for Softening Point of Glass
4.2 Suitable Type II glasses may vary somewhat in chemical
C598 Test Method for Annealing Point and Strain Point of
composition and still meet essential physical requirements.
Glass by Beam Bending
Two such compositions are shown in Table 2; both are readily
C729 Test Method for Density of Glass by the Sink-Float
available and are used for laboratory apparatus.
Comparator
5. Physical Requirements
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E41 on
5.1 The physical requirements for glasses shall be as pre-
Laboratory Apparatus and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E41.01 on
Laboratory Ware and Supplies.
scribed in Table 3. The tolerances listed in Table 3 must be on
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2024. Published January 2018. Originally
the published values of the manufacturer’s specific glass
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as E438 – 92 (2018).
compositions.
DOI: 10.1520/E0438-92R24.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6. Keywords
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 6.1 glasses; laboratory
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