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ASTM C730-98(2013)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Glass

Standard Test Method for<brk type="line"/> Knoop Indentation Hardness of Glass

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The Knoop indentation hardness is one of many properties that is used to characterize glasses. Attempts have been made to relate Knoop indentation hardness to tensile strength, grinding speeds, and other hardness scales, but no generally accepted methods are available. Such conversions are limited in scope and should be used with caution, except for special cases where a reliable basis for the conversion has been obtained by comparison tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Knoop indentation hardness of glass and the verification of Knoop indentation hardness testing machines using standard glasses.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2013
ICS
81.040.10 - Raw materials and raw glass
Technical Committee
C14 - Glass and Glass Products
Drafting Committee
C14.04 - Physical and Mechanical Properties
Current Stage
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ASTM C730-98(2013) - Standard Test Method for<brk type="line"/> Knoop Indentation Hardness of Glass
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C730 − 98 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
1
Knoop Indentation Hardness of Glass
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C730; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
1. Scope
C = ⁄2 (cot A/2×tan B/2),
p
A = included longitudinal edge angle (see Fig. 1), and
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Knoop
B = included transverse edge angle (see Fig. 1).
indentation hardness of glass and the verification of Knoop
indentation hardness testing machines using standard glasses.
3.1.3 Knoop indentation hardness tests in glass are made at
a test load of 100 gf (0.1 kgf).
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 The rate of indenter motion prior to contact with the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specimen shall be 0.20 60.05 mm/min. This low rate of load
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
application tends to alleviate the effect of the magnitude of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
load on Knoop hardness number.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.5 The indenter should remain in contact with the speci-
2. Referenced Documents
menbetween20and30s.Mostofthecalibratedmachinesthat
2
are used for making Knoop hardness tests are dash-pot
2.1 ASTM Standards:
controlledandthisdwelltimeisconsistentwiththeadjustment
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
of the dash-pot to meet the loading rate standard.
E384Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of
3.1.6 Table1givestheKnoophardnessofseveralglassesas
Materials
a function of load when the loading rate and dwell time are
3. Terminology held at the values recommended above.
3.1.7 Knoop indentation hardness test—anindentationhard-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ness test using a calibrated machine to force a pointed,
3.1.1 Knoop hardness number (KHN)—a number obtained
rhombic-base, pyramidal diamond indenter having specified
by dividing the applied load in kilograms-force by the pro-
faceangles,underapredeterminedload,intothesurfaceofthe
jected area of the indentation in square millimetres, computed
material under test and to measure the long diagonal of the
from the measured long diagonal of the indentation and the
resulting impression after removal of the load.
included edge angles of the diamond. It is assumed that the
indentation is an imprint of the undeformed indenter.
NOTE 1—Ageneral description of the Knoop indentation hardness test
is given in Test Method E384. The present method differs from this
3.1.2 The Knoop hardness number (KHN) is computed as
description only in areas required by the special nature of glasses.
follows:
2
KHN 5 P/A 5 P/d C (1)
~ ! ~ ! 4. Significance and Use
p p
4.1 The Knoop indentation hardness is one of many prop-
P = load, kgf,
2
erties that is used to characterize glasses. Attempts have been
A = projected area of the indentation, mm ,
p
made to relate Knoop indentation hardness to tensile strength,
d = length of the long diagonal of the indentation, mm,
grinding speeds, and other hardness scales, but no generally
accepted methods are available. Such conversions are limited
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass
in scope and should be used with caution, except for special
and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.04 on
cases where a reliable basis for the conversion has been
Physical and Mechanical Properties.
obtained by comparison tests.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originally
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C730–98 (2008).
5. Apparatus
DOI: 10.1520/C0730-98R13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1 Testing Machines:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1.1 There are two general types of machines available for
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. making this test. One type is a self-contained unit built for this
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C730 − 98 (2013)
FIG. 1 Knoop Indenter Showing Maximum Usable Dimension
A ,B
TABLE 1 Knoop Hardness of NIST Standard and Other Glasses
GE
Laboratory NIST 710 NIST 711 NIST 715 Fused NIST 710 NIST 711 NIST 715 GE Fused Quartz
Quartz
25-gf Load 50-gf Load
A 486 411 589 614 497 394 5
...

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4.1 The Knoop indentation hardness is one of many properties that is used to characterize glasses. Attempts have been made to relate Knoop indentation hardness to tensile strength, grinding speeds, and other hardness scales, but no generally accepted methods are available. Such conversions are limited in scope and should be used with caution, except for special cases where a reliable basis for the conversion has been obtained by comparison tests.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Knoop indentation hardness of glass and the verification of Knoop indentation hardness testing machines using standard glasses.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the annealing point and the strain point of a glass by measuring the viscous elongation rate of a fiber of the glass under prescribed condition.  
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