ASTM A255-10

Standard Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method covers the procedure for determining the hardenability of steel by the end-quench or Jominy test. The test consists of water quenching one end of a cylindrical test specimen 1.0 in. in diameter and measuring the hardening response as a function of the distance from the quenched end.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the identification and description of test methods for determining the hardenability of steels. The two test methods include the quantitative end-quench or Jominy Test and a method for calculating the hardenability of steel from the chemical composition based on the original work by M. A. Grossman.
1.2 The selection of the test method to be used for determining the hardenability of a given steel shall be agreed upon between the supplier and user. The Certified Material Test Report shall state the method of hardenability determination.
1.3 The calculation method described in these test methods is applicable only to the range of chemical compositions that follow:

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2010
• ICS: 77.080.20 - Steels
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.15 - Bars

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A255-07e1 - Standard Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Replaced By: ASTM A255-10(2014) - Standard Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Referred By: ASTM A579/A579M-20 - Standard Specification for Superstrength Alloy Steel Forgings
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM A646/A646M-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Premium Quality Alloy Steel Blooms and Billets for Aircraft and Aerospace Forgings
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM A304-20 - Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars Subject to End-Quench Hardenability Requirements
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM A689-97(2018) - Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars for Springs
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM A485-17(2022) - Standard Specification for High Hardenability Antifriction Bearing Steel
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM A534-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Carburizing Steels for Anti-Friction Bearings
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM A1100-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Qualification and Control of Induction Heat Treating
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM A914/A914M-19 - Standard Specification for Steel Bars Subject to Restricted End-Quench Hardenability Requirements
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM B848/B848M-21 - Standard Specification for Powder Forged (PF) Ferrous Materials
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A255 − 10
StandardTest Methods for
1
Determining Hardenability of Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A255; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 These test methods cover the identification and descrip-
tionoftestmethodsfordeterminingthehardenabilityofsteels.
2. Referenced Documents
The two test methods include the quantitative end-quench or
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Jominy Test and a method for calculating the hardenability of
E18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
steelfromthechemicalcompositionbasedontheoriginalwork
terials
by M. A. Grossman.
E112Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
1.2 The selection of the test method to be used for deter-
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
mining the hardenability of a given steel shall be agreed upon
3
ASTM Hardenability Chart
between the supplier and user. The Certified Material Test
Report shall state the method of hardenability determination.
END-QUENCH OR JOMINY TEST
1.3 The calculation method described in these test methods
is applicable only to the range of chemical compositions that
3. Description
follow:
3.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining
Element Range, %
thehardenabilityofsteelbytheend-quenchorJominytest.The
Carbon 0.10–0.70
test consists of water quenching one end of a cylindrical test
Manganese 0.50–1.65
specimen 1.0 in. in diameter and measuring the hardening
Silicon 0.15–0.60
Nickel 1.50 max
response as a function of the distance from the quenched end.
Chromium 1.35 max
Molybdenum 0.55 max
4. Apparatus
Copper 0.35 max
Vanadium 0.20 max
4.1 Support for Test Specimen—Afixture for supporting the
1.4 Hardenability is a measure of the depth to which steel test specimen vertically so that the lower end of the specimen
will harden when quenched from its austenitizing temperature is a distance of 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) above the orifice of the
(Table 1). It is measured quantitatively, usually by noting the water-quenching device.Asatisfactory type of support for the
extentordepthofhardeningofastandardsizeandshapeoftest standard 1.0-in. (25.4-mm) specimen is shown in Fig. 1.
specimen in a standardized quench. In the end-quench test the
NOTE 1—Asuitable support for other sizes and shapes of specimens is
depthofhardeningisthedistancealongthespecimenfromthe
shown in Fig. X1.1.
quenched end which correlates to a given hardness level.
4.2 Water-QuenchingDevice—Awater-quenchingdeviceof
1.5 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
suitable capacity to provide a vertical stream of water that can
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
be controlled to a height of 2.5 in. (63.5 mm) when passing
information only.
through an orifice 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter. A tank of
sufficient capacity to maintain the water temperature require-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ments of 6.3 with a small pump and control valves will be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Subcommittee A01.15 on Bars. the ASTM website.
3
1
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally Standard ASTM Hardenability Charts (8 ⁄2 by 11 in. pads of 50 charts) are
ε1
approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A255–07 . DOI: available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJA0255.
10.1520/A0255-10. Original adjunct produced in 1945.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A255 − 10
A
TABLE 1 Normalizing and Austenitizing Temperatures
temperature listed in Table 1 for 1 h and cooled in air.
Ordered
Tempering of the normalized sample to improve machinability
Normalizing Austenitizing
Carbon
Steel Series Temperature, Temperature, is permitted.
Content,
°F (°C) °F (°C)
max, %
6.2
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:A255–07 Designation: A255 – 10
Standard Test Methods for
1
Determining Hardenability of Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A255; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Table15 corrected editorially in March 2009.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the identification and description of test methods for determining the hardenability of steels. The
two test methods include the quantitative end-quench or Jominy Test and a method for calculating the hardenability of steel from
the chemical composition based on the original work by M. A. Grossman.
1.2 The selection of the test method to be used for determining the hardenability of a given steel shall be agreed upon between
the supplier and user. The Certified Material Test Report shall state the method of hardenability determination.
1.3 Thecalculationmethoddescribedinthesetestmethodsisapplicableonlytotherangeofchemicalcompositionsthatfollow:
Element Range, %
Carbon 0.10–0.70
Manganese 0.50–1.65
Silicon 0.15–0.60
Nickel 1.50 max
Chromium 1.35 max
Molybdenum 0.55 max
Copper 0.35 max
Vanadium 0.20 max
1.4 Hardenability is a measure of the depth to which steel will harden when quenched from its austenitizing temperature (Table
1). It is measured quantitatively, usually by noting the extent or depth of hardening of a standard size and shape of test specimen
in a standardized quench. In the end-quench test the depth of hardening is the distance along the specimen from the quenched end
which correlates to a given hardness level.
1.5 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformation
only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
3
ASTM Hardenability Chart
END-QUENCH OR JOMINY TEST
3. Description
3.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the hardenability of steel by the end-quench or Jominy test. The test
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.15 on Bars.
Current edition approved Sept.May 1, 2007.2010. Published October 2007.June 2010. Originally approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 20022007 as
´1
A255–02A255 – 07 . DOI: 10.1520/A0255-07E01. DOI: 10.1520/A0255-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
1
Standard ASTM Hardenability Charts (8 ⁄2 by 11 in. pads of 50 charts) are available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJA0255. Original
adjunct produced in 1945.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A255 – 10
A
TABLE 1 Normalizing and Austenitizing Temperatures
Normalizing Austenitizing
Steel Series Ordered Carbon Temperature, Temperature,
Content, max, % °F (°C) °F (°C)
1000, 1300, 1500, 0.25 and under 1700 (925) 1700 (925)
3100, 4000, 4100
4300, 4400, 4500, 0.26 to 0.36, incl 1650 (900) 1600 (870)
4600, 4700, 5000,
B
5100, 6100, 8100,
8600, 8700, 8800,
9400, 9700, 9800
0.37 and over 1600 (870) 1550 (845)
2300, 2500, 3300, 0.25 and under 1700 (925) 1550 (845)
4800, 9300
0.26 to 0.36, incl 1650 (900) 1500 (815)
0.37 and over 1600 (870) 1475 (800)
9200 0.50 and over 1650 (900) 1600 (870)
A
A variation of 610°F (6°C) from the temperatures in this table is permissible.
B
Normalizing and austenitizing temperatures are 50°F (30°C) higher for the
6100 series.
consists of water quenching one end of a cylindrical test specimen 1.0 in. in diameter and measuring the hardening
...