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ASTM D5236-03(2011)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is one of a number of tests conducted on heavy hydrocarbon mixtures to characterize these materials for a refiner or a purchaser. It provides an estimate of the yields of fractions of various boiling ranges.
The fractions made by this test method can be used alone or in combination with other fractions to produce samples for analytical studies and quality evaluations.
Residues to be used in the manufacture of asphalt can also be made but may not always be suitable. The long heat soaking that occurs in this test method may alter some of the properties.
Note 1—While the practice of reblending distillates with residue can be done to produce a lighter residue, it is not recommended because it produces blends with irregular properties.
Details of cutpoints must be mutually agreed upon before the test begins.
This is a complex procedure involving many interacting variables. It is most important that at the time of first use of a new apparatus, its components be checked as detailed in Annex A1 and Annex A2 and that the location of the vapor temperature sensor be verified as detailed in 6.5.3 and Fig. 1.
STILL HEAD DIMENSION CHART
  Size AB CD EF GH I 25 mm 85 mm 75 mm 64 mm 47 mm ID 40 mm OD 4–5 mm 35/2528/1535 mm 36 mm 90 mm 75 mm 64 mm 68 mm ID 57 mm OD 5–6 mm 65/4035/2535 mm 50 mm 110 mm100 mm 75 mm 94 mm ID 79 mm OD 7–9 mm 75/5035/2545 mm 70 mm 140 mm100 mm100 mm131 mm ID111 mm OD10–11 mm102/7550/3070 mmFIG. 1 Distillation Head
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for distillation of heavy hydrocarbon mixtures having initial boiling points greater than 150°C (300°F), such as heavy crude oils, petroleum distillates, residues, and synthetic mixtures. It employs a potstill with a low pressure drop entrainment separator operated under total takeoff conditions. Distillation conditions and equipment performance criteria are specified and typical apparatus is illustrated.
1.2 This test method details the procedures for the production of distillate fractions of standardized quality in the gas oil and lubricating oil range as well as the production of standard residue. In addition, it provides for the determination of standard distillation curves to the highest atmospheric equivalent temperature possible by conventional distillation.  
1.3 The maximum achievable atmospheric equivalent temperature (AET) is dependent upon the heat tolerance of the charge. For most samples, a temperature up to 565°C (1050°F) can be attained. This maximum will be significantly lower for heat sensitive samples (for example, heavy residues) and might be somewhat higher for nonheat sensitive samples.
1.4 The recommended distillation method for crude oils up to cutpoint 400°C (752°F) AET is Test Method D2892. This test method can be used for heavy crude oils with initial boiling points greater than 150°C (302°F). However, distillation curves and fraction qualities obtained by these methods are not comparable.
1.5 This test method contains the following annexes:
1.5.1 Annex A1—Test Method for Determination of Temperature Response Time,
1.5.2 Annex A2—Practice for Calibration of Sensors,
1.5.3 Annex A3—Test Method for Dehydration of a Wet Sample of Oil,
1.5.4 Annex A4—Practice for Conversion of Observed Vapor Temperature to Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET), and
1.5.5 Annex A5—Test Method for Determination of Wettage.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see 6.5.4.2, 6.5.6.3, 6.9.3, 9.5, 9.7, and A2.3.1.3.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2011
ICS
71.080.01 - Organic chemicals in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.08 - Volatility
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5236-03(2007) - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2011

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ASTM D5236-03(2011) - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)ASTM D5236-03(2011) - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)
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ASTM D5236-03(2011) - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5236 − 03(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill
1
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5236; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5.4 Annex A4—Practice for Conversion of Observed Va-
por Temperature to Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for distillation of
(AET), and
heavy hydrocarbon mixtures having initial boiling points
1.5.5 Annex A5—Test Method for Determination of Wet-
greater than 150°C (300°F), such as heavy crude oils, petro-
tage.
leum distillates, residues, and synthetic mixtures. It employs a
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
potstill with a low pressure drop entrainment separator oper-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
ated under total takeoff conditions. Distillation conditions and
only.
equipment performance criteria are specified and typical appa-
ratus is illustrated.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 This test method details the procedures for the produc-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tion of distillate fractions of standardized quality in the gas oil
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and lubricating oil range as well as the production of standard
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
residue. In addition, it provides for the determination of
warnings, see 6.5.4.2, 6.5.6.3, 6.9.3, 9.5, 9.7, and A2.3.1.3.
standard distillation curves to the highest atmospheric equiva-
lent temperature possible by conventional distillation.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 The maximum achievable atmospheric equivalent tem-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
perature (AET) is dependent upon the heat tolerance of the
D941Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
charge.Formostsamples,atemperatureupto565°C(1050°F)
cific Gravity) of Liquids by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnom-
can be attained. This maximum will be significantly lower for
3
eter (Withdrawn 1993)
heatsensitivesamples(forexample,heavyresidues)andmight
D1217Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
be somewhat higher for nonheat sensitive samples.
cific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
1.4 The recommended distillation method for crude oils up
D1250Guide for Use of the Petroleum MeasurementTables
to cutpoint 400°C (752°F) AET is Test Method D2892. This
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
testmethodcanbeusedforheavycrudeoilswithinitialboiling
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
pointsgreaterthan150°C(302°F).However,distillationcurves
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
and fraction qualities obtained by these methods are not
D1480Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
comparable.
cific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnom-
eter
1.5 This test method contains the following annexes:
D2892Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum
1.5.1 Annex A1—Test Method for Determination of Tem-
(15-Theoretical Plate Column)
perature Response Time,
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.5.2 Annex A2—Practice for Calibration of Sensors,
Petroleum Products
1.5.3 Annex A3—Test Method for Dehydration of a Wet
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Sample of Oil,
Petroleum Products
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D02.08 on Volatility. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published April 2012. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5236–03(2007). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D5236-03R11. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5236 − 03 (2011)
D5002Test Method for Density and Relative Density of 4.2 Themassofeachfractionisobtained.Distillationyields
Crude Oils by Digital Density Analyzer by mass are calculated from the mass of each fraction relative
to the total mass recovery.
3. Terminology
4.3 The de
...

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5.1 This test method is one of a number of tests conducted on heavy hydrocarbon mixtures to characterize these materials for a refiner or a purchaser. It provides an estimate of the yields of fractions of various boiling ranges.  
5.2 The fractions made by this test method can be used alone or in combination with other fractions to produce samples for analytical studies and quality evaluations.  
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1.1 This test method covers the procedure for distillation of heavy hydrocarbon mixtures having initial boiling points greater than 150 °C (300 °F), such as heavy crude oils, petroleum distillates, residues, and synthetic mixtures. It employs a potstill with a low pressure drop entrainment separator operated under total takeoff conditions. Distillation conditions and equipment performance criteria are specified and typical apparatus is illustrated.  
1.2 This test method details the procedures for the production of distillate fractions of standardized quality in the gas oil and lubricating oil range as well as the production of standard residue. In addition, it provides for the determination of standard distillation curves to the highest atmospheric equivalent temperature possible by conventional distillation.  
1.3 The maximum achievable atmospheric equivalent temperature (AET) is dependent upon the heat tolerance of the charge. For most samples, a temperature up to 565 °C (1050 °F) can be attained. This maximum will be significantly lower for heat sensitive samples (for example, heavy residues) and might be somewhat higher for nonheat sensitive samples.  
1.4 The recommended distillation method for crude oils up to cutpoint 400 °C (752 °F) AET is Test Method D2892. This test method can be used for heavy crude oils with initial boiling points greater than 150 °C (302 °F). However, distillation curves and fraction qualities obtained by these methods are not comparable.  
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5.1 This test method is one of a number of tests conducted on heavy hydrocarbon mixtures to characterize these materials for a refiner or a purchaser. It provides an estimate of the yields of fractions of various boiling ranges.  
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions.  
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SCOPE
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5.1 Autoignition, by its very nature, is dependent on the chemical and physical properties of the material and the method and apparatus employed for its determination. The autoignition temperature by a given method does not necessarily represent the minimum temperature at which a given material will self-ignite in air. The volume of the vessel used is particularly important since lower autoignition temperatures will be achieved in larger vessels. (See Appendix X2.) Vessel material can also be an important factor.  
5.2 The temperatures determined by this test method are those at which air oxidation leads to ignition. These temperatures can be expected to vary with the test pressure and oxygen concentration.  
5.3 This test method is not designed for evaluating materials which are capable of exothermic decomposition. For such materials, ignition is dependent upon the thermal and kinetic properties of the decomposition, the mass of the sample, and the heat transfer characteristics of the system.  
5.4 This test method can be employed for solid chemicals which melt and vaporize or which readily sublime at the test temperature. No condensed phase, liquid or solid, should be present when ignition occurs.  
5.5 This test method is not designed to measure the autoignition temperature of materials which are solids or liquids at the test temperature (for example, wood, paper, cotton, plastics, and high-boiling point chemicals). Such materials will thermally degrade in the flask and the accumulated degradation products may ignite.  
5.6 This test method can be used, with appropriate modifications, for chemicals that are gaseous at atmospheric temperature and pressure.  
5.7 This test method was developed primarily for liquid chemicals but has been employed to test readily vaporized solids. Responsibility for extension of this test method to solids of unknown thermal stability, boiling point, or degradation characteristics rests with the operator.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of hot- and cool-flame autoignition temperatures of a liquid chemical in air at atmospheric pressure in a uniformly heated vessel.  
Note 1: Within certain limitations, this test method can also be used to determine the autoignition temperature of solid chemicals which readily melt and vaporize at temperatures below the test temperature and for chemicals that are gaseous at atmospheric pressure and temperature.
Note 2: After a round robin study, Test Method D2155 was discontinued, and replaced by Test Method E659 in 1978. See also Appendix X2.  
1.2 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D611-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The aniline point (or mixed aniline point) is useful as an aid in the characterization of pure hydrocarbons and in the analysis of hydrocarbon mixtures. Aromatic hydrocarbons exhibit the lowest, and paraffins the highest values. Cycloparaffins and olefins exhibit values that lie between those for paraffins and aromatics. In homologous series the aniline points increase with increasing molecular weight. Although it occasionally is used in combination with other physical properties in correlative methods for hydrocarbon analysis, the aniline point is most often used to provide an estimate of the aromatic hydrocarbon content of mixtures.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the aniline point of petroleum products and hydrocarbon solvents. Test Method A is suitable for transparent samples with an initial boiling point above room temperature and where the aniline point is below the bubble point and above the solidification point of the aniline-sample mixture. Test Method B, a thin-film method, is suitable for samples too dark for testing by Test Method A. Test Methods C and D are for samples that may vaporize appreciably at the aniline point. Test Method D is particularly suitable where only small quantities of sample are available. Test Method E describes a procedure using an automatic apparatus suitable for the range covered by Test Methods A and B.  
1.2 These test methods also cover the determination of the mixed aniline point of petroleum products and hydrocarbon solvents having aniline points below the temperature at which aniline will crystallize from the aniline-sample mixture.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off