ASTM A290/A290M-16

Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Rings for Reduction Gears

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with normalized and tempered, and quenched and tempered, carbon and alloy steel forged or rolled rings for reduction gears. The grades and classes of steels covered here are: Grade 1, Classes A and B, and Grade 2, Classes C and D, which are carbon steels; and Grade 3, Classes E and F, Grade 4, Classes G, H, I, J, K and L, Grade 5, Classes M and P, and Grade 6, Class T, which are alloy steels. Materials shall be manufactured by melting and forging processes and optional machining, and shall be allowed to cool prior to reheating. Heat treatment shall consist of normalizing and tempering for Grade 1, Classes A and B, and quenching and tempering for all other grades and classes. Heat and product analyses shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to required chemical composition of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, copper, and aluminum. Steels shall also undergo tension, impact, and Brinell hardness tests, and shall conform to the following mechanical requirements: tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, Brinell hardness, and Charpy V-notch.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers normalized and tempered, and quenched and tempered, carbon and alloy steel forged or rolled rings for reduction gears.  
1.2 Several grades and classes of steel are covered as follows:  
1.2.1 Grade 1, Classes A and B, and Grade 2, Classes C and D, are carbon steel.  
1.2.2 Grade 3, Classes E and F, Grade 4, Classes G, H, I, J, K and L, Grade 5, Classes M and P, and Grade 6, Class T, are alloy steel.  
1.2.3 All grades and classes are considered weldable under proper conditions. Welding techniques are of fundamental importance and it is pre-supposed that welding procedure and inspection will be in accordance with proper methods for the class of material used.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2016
• ICS: 77.140.85 - Iron and steel forgings
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.06 - Steel Forgings and Billets

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A290/A290M −16
Standard Specification for
Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Rings for Reduction
1
Gears
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA290/A290M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
1.1 This specification covers normalized and tempered, and
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel
quenched and tempered, carbon and alloy steel forged or rolled
Forgings
rings for reduction gears.
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
1.2 Several grades and classes of steel are covered as
quirements
follows:
1.2.1 Grade 1, ClassesAand B, and Grade 2, Classes C and
3. Terminology
D, are carbon steel.
3.1 Definitions of the terms used may be found in Specifi-
1.2.2 Grade 3, Classes E and F, Grade 4, Classes G, H, I, J,
cation A788/A788M.
K and L, Grade 5, Classes M and P, and Grade 6, Class T, are
alloy steel.
4. Ordering Information and General Requirements
1.2.3 All grades and classes are considered weldable under
proper conditions. Welding techniques are of fundamental
4.1 In addition to the ordering information required by
importance and it is pre-supposed that welding procedure and
Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall specify in the
inspection will be in accordance with proper methods for the
inquiry, contract, and order the grade and class desired and the
class of material used.
supplementary requirements, if any, which should apply.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
4.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
lines additional ordering information, manufacturing
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures,
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi-
with the standard.
tional supplementary requirements.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Materials and Manufacture
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Melting Process:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5.1.1 The steel shall be produced by any of the melting
requirements in Specification A788/A788M, which may be
2. Referenced Documents
supplemented by Supplementary Requirement S6, Vacuum
2
Degassing.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of
5.2 Discard—Sufficient discard shall be taken from each
Steel Forgings
ingot to secure freedom from piping and undue segregation.
5.3 Forging Process—The forgings shall receive their hot
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
mechanical work in accordance with the requirements of
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Specification A788/A788M.
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally
5.4 Heat Treatment:
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A290/
A290M – 05(2015). DOI: 10.1520/A0290_A0290M-16.
5.4.1 Cooling Prior to Heat Treatment—After forging and
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
before reheating for heat treatment, the forgings shall be
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
allowed to cool in a manner to prevent injury, to accomplish
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. transformation, and prevent flakes.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A290/A290M−16
5.4.2 Heat treatment shall consist of normalizing and tem- 7. Mechanical Properties
pering for Grade 1 classes A and B and quenching and
7.1 Tension and Impact Test Requirements—The require-
tempering for all other grades and classes.
mentsfortensileandimpactpropertiesshallbeasprescribedin
5.4.2.1 Normalizing—A furnace charge thus treated is
Table 2.
termed a normalizing charge.
7.1.1 Number, Location, and Orientation of Test
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A290/A290M − 05 (Reapproved 2015) A290/A290M − 16
Standard Specification for
Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Rings for Reduction
1
Gears
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A290/A290M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification covers normalized and tempered, and quenched and tempered, carbon and alloy steel forged or rolled
rings for reduction gears.
1.2 Several grades and classes of steel are covered as follows:
1.2.1 Grade 1, Classes A and B, and Grade 2, Classes C and D, are carbon steel.
1.2.2 Grade 3, Classes E and F, Grade 4, Classes G, H, I, J, K and L, Grade 5, Classes M and P, and Grade 6, Class T, are alloy
steel.
1.2.3 All grades and classes are considered weldable under proper conditions. Welding techniques are of fundamental
importance and it is pre-supposed that welding procedure and inspection will be in accordance with proper methods for the class
of material used.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of the terms used may be found in Specification A788/A788M.
4. Ordering Information and General Requirements
4.1 In addition to the ordering information required by Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall specify in the inquiry,
contract, and order the grade and class desired and the supplementary requirements, if any, which should apply.
4.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which outlines
additional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certification,
product analysis variations, and additional supplementary requirements.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Melting Process:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved June 1, 2015May 1, 2016. Published June 2015May 2016. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 as
A290/A290M – 05(2010).(2015). DOI: 10.1520/A0290_A0290M-05R15.10.1520/A0290_A0290M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A290/A290M − 16
5.1.1 The steel shall be produced by any of the melting requirements in Specification A788/A788M, which may be
supplemented by Supplementary Requirement S6, Vacuum Degassing.
5.2 Discard—Sufficient discard shall be taken from each ingot to secure freedom from piping and undue segregation.
5.3 Forging Process—The forgings shall receive their hot mechanical work in accordance with the requirements of Specification
A788/A788M.
5.4 Heat Treatment:
5.4.1 Cooling Prior to Heat Treatment—After forging and before reheating for heat treatment, the forgings shall be allowed to
cool in a manner to prevent injury, to accomplish transformation, and prevent flakes.
5.4.2 Heat treatment shall consist of normalizing and temp
...