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ASTM D5091-95(2014)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Electrodialysis/Electrodialysis Reversal Applications (Withdrawn 2023)

Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Electrodialysis/Electrodialysis Reversal Applications (Withdrawn 2023)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The design of an electrodialysis/electrodialysis reversal system is determined by the composition of the feedwater and the desired composition of the product water. The determinations and measurements performed in this guide will provide the necessary information for making design projections of staging and power consumption.  
5.2 The recovery at which an electrodialysis/electrodialysis reversal system can be safely operated is dependent on the composition of the feed solution. The determinations measurements performed in this guide will provide data for the calculation of the maximum recovery of a system utilizing a specific feed water.  
5.3 The determinations and measurements performed in this guide will be valuable for determining needed pretreatment for meeting specific product water requirements with the specific feed water.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the determinations that should be performed on any given water if processing by electrodialysis/electrodialysis reversal is being considered.  
1.2 This guide is applicable to all waters but is not necessarily complete for wastewaters.  
1.3 This is a guide only and should not be construed as a complete delineation of all analysis required for a specific application.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2014
Withdrawal Date
09-Jan-2023
ICS
13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.08 - Membranes and Ion Exchange Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D5091-23 - Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Electrodialysis/Electrodialysis Reversal Applications
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM D5131-23 - Standard Guide for Record Keeping for Electrodialysis/Electrodialysis Reversal Systems
Effective Date
01-Jun-2014

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ASTM D5091-95(2014) - Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Electrodialysis/Electrodialysis Reversal Applications (Withdrawn 2023)ASTM D5091-95(2014) - Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Electrodialysis/Electrodialysis Reversal Applications (Withdrawn 2023)
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5091 − 95 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
Water Analysis for Electrodialysis/Electrodialysis Reversal
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5091; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1889 Test Method for Turbidity of Water (Withdrawn
2007)
1.1 This guide covers the determinations that should be
D2579 Test Method for Total Organic Carbon in Water
performed on any given water if processing by electrodialysis/
(Withdrawn 2002)
electrodialysis reversal is being considered.
D3352 Test Method for Strontium Ion in Brackish Water,
1.2 This guide is applicable to all waters but is not neces- Seawater, and Brines
sarily complete for wastewaters. D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D3561 Test Method for Lithium, Potassium, and Sodium
1.3 This is a guide only and should not be construed as a
Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines by Atomic
complete delineation of all analysis required for a specific
Absorption Spectrophotometry
application.
D3867 Test Methods for Nitrite-Nitrate in Water
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the D3920 Test Method for Strontium in Water
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D4189 Test Method for Silt Density Index (SDI) of Water
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- D4191 Test Method for Sodium inWater byAtomicAbsorp-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tion Spectrophotometry
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D4192 Test Method for Potassium in Water by Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometry
2. Referenced Documents D4327 Test Method for Anions in Water by Suppressed Ion
Chromatography
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4382 TestMethodforBariuminWater,AtomicAbsorption
D511 Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium In Water
Spectrophotometry, Graphite Furnace
D512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water
D4658 Test Method for Sulfide Ion in Water
D516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water
D4839 Test Method forTotal Carbon and Organic Carbon in
D857 Test Method for Aluminum in Water
WaterbyUltraviolet,orPersulfateOxidation,orBoth,and
D858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water
Infrared Detection
D1067 Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
2.2 American Public Health Association Standards:
D1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-
Wastewater,EighteenthEdition,1992,pp.4-123to4-128
tivity of Water
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
3. Terminology
D1179 Test Methods for Fluoride Ion in Water
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide,
D1253 Test Method for Residual Chlorine in Water
refer to Terminology D1129.
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 This guide consists of recommended water analyses for
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is
ions, gases, suspended materials, organics, temperature, and
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion Exchange
pH for potential applications of electrodialysis/electrodialysis
Materials.
reversal.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2014.PublishedJuly2014.Originallyapproved
in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5091 – 95 (2007). DOI:
10.1520/D5091-95R14.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromAmericanPublicHealthAssociation(APHA),800IStreet,NW,
the ASTM website. Washington, DC 20001, http://www.apha.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5091 − 95 (2014)
−
5. Significance and Use
Fluoride—Test Methods D1179 (F )
The results may be expressed as (a) milligrams per
...


This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5091 − 95 (Reapproved 2007) D5091 − 95 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
Water Analysis for Electrodialysis/Electrodialysis Reversal
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5091; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the determinations that should be performed on any given water if processing by electrodialysis/
electrodialysis reversal is being considered.
1.2 This guide is applicable to all waters but is not necessarily complete for wastewaters.
1.3 This is a guide only and should not be construed as a complete delineation of all analysis required for a specific application.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D511 Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium In Water
D512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water
D516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water
D857 Test Method for Aluminum in Water
D858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water
D1067 Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
D1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1179 Test Methods for Fluoride Ion in Water
D1253 Test Method for Residual Chlorine in Water
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
D1889 Test Method for Turbidity of Water (Withdrawn 2007)
D2579 Test Method for Total Organic Carbon in Water (Withdrawn 2002)
D3352 Test Method for Strontium Ion in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D3561 Test Method for Lithium, Potassium, and Sodium Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines by Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometry
D3867 Test Methods for Nitrite-Nitrate in Water
D3920 Test Method for Strontium in Water
D4189 Test Method for Silt Density Index (SDI) of Water
D4191 Test Method for Sodium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
D4192 Test Method for Potassium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
D4327 Test Method for Anions in Water by Suppressed Ion Chromatography
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion Exchange
Materials.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007June 1, 2014. Published January 2008July 2014. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 as
D5091 – 95 (2001).(2007). DOI: 10.1520/D5091-95R07.10.1520/D5091-95R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5091 − 95 (2014)
D4382 Test Method for Barium in Water, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Graphite Furnace
D4658 Test Method for Sulfide Ion in Water
D4839 Test Method for Total Carbon and Organic Carbon in Water by Ultraviolet, or Persulfate Oxidation, or Both, and Infrared
Detection
2.2 American Public Health Association Standards:
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Eighteenth Edition, 1992, pp. 4-123 to 4-128
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to Terminology D1129.
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 This guide consists of recommended water analyses for ions, gases, suspended materials, organics, temperature, and pH for
potential applications of electrodialysis/electrodialysis reversal.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The design of an electrodialysis/electrodialysis re
...

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5.1 The incidental conversion of organic material to trihalomethanes and other volatile organohalides during chlorination of water is a possible health hazard and is the object of much research. This test method can be used as a rapid, simple means for determining many volatile organohalides in raw and processed water.
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 11.8.1, 21.12, and 23.10.  
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ASTM D4190-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Direct-Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful for the determination of element concentrations in many natural waters. It has the capability for the simultaneous determination of up to 15 separate elements. High analysis sensitivity can be achieved for some elements, such as boron and vanadium.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable elements in water, which includes drinking water, lake water, river water, sea water, snow, and Type II reagent water by direct current plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (DCP).  
1.2 The information on precision and bias may not apply to other waters.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to the 15 elements listed in Annex A1 (Table A1.1) and covers the ranges in Table 1.  
1.4 This test method is not applicable to brines unless the sample matrix can be matched or the sample can be diluted by a factor of 200 up to 500 and still maintain the analyte concentration above the detection limit.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3645-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Beryllium in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are significant because the concentration of beryllium in water must be measured accurately in order to evaluate potential health and environmental effects.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable beryllium in most waters and wastewaters:    
Concentration
Range  
Sections  
Test Method A–Atomic Absorption, Direct  
10 μg/L to 500 μg/L  
7 to 17  
Test Method B–Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace  
10 μg/L to 50 μg/L  
18 to 26  
1.2 The analyst should direct attention to the precision and bias statements for each test method. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 12 and 24.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3859-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Selenium in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In most natural waters selenium concentrations seldom exceed 10 μg/L. However, the runoff from certain types of seleniferous soils at various times of the year can produce concentrations as high as several hundred micrograms per litre. Additionally, industrial contamination can be a significant source of selenium in rivers and streams.  
4.2 High concentrations of selenium in drinking water have been suspected of being toxic to animal life. Selenium is a priority pollutant and all public water agencies are required to monitor its concentration.  
4.3 These test methods determine the dominant species of selenium reportedly found in most natural and wastewaters, including selenities, selenates, and organo-selenium compounds.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable selenium in most waters and wastewaters. Both test methods utilize atomic absorption procedures, as follows:    
Sections  
Test Method A—Gaseous Hydride AAS2, 3  
7 – 16  
Test Method B—Graphite Furnace AAS  
17 – 26  
1.2 These test methods are applicable to both inorganic and organic forms of dissolved selenium. They are applicable also to particulate forms of the element, provided that they are solubilized in the appropriate acid digestion step. However, certain selenium-containing heavy metallic sediments may not undergo digestion.  
1.3 These test methods are most applicable within the following ranges:    
Test Method A—Gaseous Hydride AAS2, 3  
1 μg/L to 20 μg/L  
Test Method B—Graphite Furnace AAS  
2 μg/L to 100 μg/L
These ranges may be extended (with a corresponding loss in precision) by decreasing the sample size or diluting the original sample, but concentrations much greater than the upper limits are more conveniently determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 11.12 and 13.14.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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