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ASTM G123-00(2011)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Alloys with Different Nickel Content in Boiling Acidified Sodium Chloride Solution

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Alloys with Different Nickel Content in Boiling Acidified Sodium Chloride Solution

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is designed to compare alloys and may be used as one method of screening materials prior to service. In general, this test method is more useful for stainless steels than the boiling magnesium chloride test of Practice G 36. The boiling magnesium chloride test cracks materials with the nickel levels found in relatively resistant austenitic and duplex stainless steels, thus making comparisons and evaluations for many service environments difficult.
This test method is intended to simulate cracking in water, especially cooling waters that contain chloride. It is not intended to simulate cracking that occurs at high temperatures (greater than 200°C or 390°F) with chloride or hydroxide.
Note 1—The degree of cracking resistance found in full-immersion tests may not be indicative of that for some service conditions comprising exposure to the water-line or in the vapor phase where chlorides may concentrate.
Correlation with service experience should be obtained when possible. Different chloride environments may rank materials in a different order.
In interlaboratory testing, this test method cracked annealed UNS S30400 and S31600 but not more resistant materials, such as annealed duplex stainless steels or higher nickel alloys, for example, UNS N08020 (for example 20Cb-34 stainless). These more resistant materials are expected to crack when exposed to Practice G 36 as U-bends. Materials which withstand this sodium chloride test for a longer period than UNS S30400 or S31600 may be candidates for more severe service applications.
The repeatability and reproducibility data from Section 12 and Appendix X1 must be considered prior to use. Interlaboratory variation in results may be expected as occurs with many corrosion tests. Acceptance criteria are not part of this test method and if needed are to be negotiated by the user and the producer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for conducting stress-corrosion cracking tests in an acidified boiling sodium chloride solution. This test method is performed in 25% (by mass ) sodium chloride acidified to pH 1.5 with phosphoric acid. This test method is concerned primarily with the test solution and glassware, although a specific style of U-bend test specimen is suggested.  
1.2 This test method is designed to provide better correlation with chemical process industry experience for stainless steels than the more severe boiling magnesium chloride test of Practice G36. Some stainless steels which have provided satisfactory service in many environments readily crack in Practice G36, but have not cracked during interlaboratory testing using this sodium chloride test method.  
1.3 This boiling sodium chloride test method was used in an interlaboratory test program to evaluate wrought stainless steels, including duplex (ferrite-austenite) stainless and an alloy with up to about 33% nickel. It may also be employed to evaluate these types of materials in the cast or welded conditions.  
1.4 This test method detects major effects of composition, heat treatment, microstructure, and stress on the susceptibility of materials to chloride stress-corrosion cracking. Small differences between samples such as heat-to-heat variations of the same grade are not likely to be detected.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2011
ICS
77.060 - Corrosion of metals
Technical Committee
G01 - Corrosion of Metals
Drafting Committee
G01.06 - Environmentally Assisted Cracking
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM G123-00(2005) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Alloys with Different Nickel Content in Boiling Acidified Sodium Chloride Solution
Effective Date
01-Mar-2011
Referred By
ASTM G30-22 - Standard Practice for Making and Using U-Bend Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens
Effective Date
01-Mar-2011
Referred By
ASTM G157-98(2018) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Corrosion Properties of Wrought Iron- and Nickel-Based Corrosion Resistant Alloys for Chemical Process Industries
Effective Date
01-Mar-2011

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ASTM G123-00(2011) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Alloys with Different Nickel Content in Boiling Acidified Sodium Chloride SolutionASTM G123-00(2011) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Alloys with Different Nickel Content in Boiling Acidified Sodium Chloride Solution
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ASTM G123-00(2011) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Alloys with Different Nickel Content in Boiling Acidified Sodium Chloride Solution
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:G123 −00(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Alloys
with Different Nickel Content in Boiling Acidified Sodium
1
Chloride Solution
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G123; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
statements, see Section 8.
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for conducting
stress-corrosion cracking tests in an acidified boiling sodium
2. Referenced Documents
chloride solution. This test method is performed in 25% (by
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mass) sodium chloride acidified to pH 1.5 with phosphoric
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
acid. This test method is concerned primarily with the test
E8Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
solutionandglassware,althoughaspecificstyleofU-bendtest
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
specimen is suggested.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 This test method is designed to provide better correla-
G15TerminologyRelatingtoCorrosionandCorrosionTest-
tion with chemical process industry experience for stainless
3
ing (Withdrawn 2010)
steels than the more severe boiling magnesium chloride test of
G16Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corrosion
Practice G36. Some stainless steels which have provided
Data
satisfactory service in many environments readily crack in
G30 Practice for Making and Using U-Bend Stress-
Practice G36, but have not cracked during interlaboratory
Corrosion Test Specimens
testing(seeSection12)usingthissodiumchloridetestmethod.
G36Practice for Evaluating Stress-Corrosion-Cracking Re-
1.3 Thisboilingsodiumchloridetestmethodwasusedinan
sistance of Metals and Alloys in a Boiling Magnesium
interlaboratory test program to evaluate wrought stainless
Chloride Solution
steels, including duplex (ferrite-austenite) stainless and an
G49Practice for Preparation and Use of Direct Tension
alloywithuptoabout33%nickel.Itmayalsobeemployedto
Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens
evaluate these types of materials in the cast or welded
G107Guide for Formats for Collection and Compilation of
conditions.
Corrosion Data for Metals for Computerized Database
Input
1.4 This test method detects major effects of composition,
heat treatment, microstructure, and stress on the susceptibility
3. Terminology
of materials to chloride stress-corrosion cracking. Small dif-
ferencesbetweensamplessuchasheat-to-heatvariationsofthe
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of corrosion-related terms
same grade are not likely to be detected.
used in this test method, see Terminology G15.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4. Summary of Test Method
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. 4.1 Asolutionof25%sodiumchloride(by mass)inreagent
water is mixed, and the pH is adjusted to 1.5 with phosphoric
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
acid. The solution is boiled and U-bends (or other stressed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specimens) are exposed in fresh solution for successive one-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
week periods.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.06 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Environmentally Assisted Cracking. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approvedin1994.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2005asG123–00(2005).DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/G0123-00R11. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G123−00 (2011)
4.2 The test may be continued for as many weeks as
necessary, but six weeks (about 1000 h) or less are expected to
be sufficient to crack susceptible materials. Longer exposures
provide greater assurance of resistance for those materials
which do not crack.
4.3 It is recommended that samples of a susceptible
material, for example, UNS S30400 or S31600 (Type 304 or
Type316stainless,respectively),beincludedasa
...

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Standard Test Method for Evaluating Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Alloys with Different Nickel Content in Boiling Acidified Sodium Chloride Solution

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FIG. 1 Typical Stressed U-bends  
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5.1 Autoclave tests are commonly used to evaluate the corrosion performance of metallic and non-metallic materials under simulated HP and HTHP service conditions. Examples of service environments in which HP and HTHP corrosion tests have been used include chemical processing, petroleum production and refining, food processing, pressurized cooling water, electric power systems, and aerospace propulsion.  
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4.1 It is important to be able to determine the extent of pitting, either in a service application in which it is necessary to predict the remaining life in a metal structure, or in laboratory test programs that are used to select the most pitting-resistant materials for service. The purpose of the study is crucial in determining the appropriate examination and evaluation steps.  
4.2 Some typical purposes of laboratory tests include, but are not limited to, evaluating performance of alloys, determining whether an alloy is resistant to the environment, evaluating how environmental conditions including corrosion inhibitor affect or prevent pitting, and evaluating whether a lot of metal is sufficiently resistant for its use in a particular application or environment.  
4.3 Some typical purposes of field studies include, but are not limited to, determining if pits are likely to grow and cause leak or release of process fluid, and assisting a determination of whether to replace or repair damage from pits (remaining life assessment).
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1.1 This guide covers the selection of procedures that can be used in the examination and evaluation of pitted metals. These procedures include both nondestructive and destructive approaches.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—In X1.2.1, mils per year (MPY) are regarded as standard for the target corrosion rate.  
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4.1 This test environment is believed to give an accelerated ranking of the relative or absolute degree of stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility for different brasses. It has been found to correlate well with the corresponding service ranking in environments that cause stress-corrosion cracking which is thought to be due to the combined presence of traces of moisture and ammonia vapor. The extent to which the accelerated ranking correlates with the ranking obtained after long-term exposure to environments containing corrodents other than ammonia is not at present known. Examples of such environments may be severe marine atmospheres (Cl−), severe industrial atmospheres (predominantly SO2), and super-heated ammonia-free steam.  
4.2 It is not possible at present to specify any particular time to failure (defined on the basis of any particular failure criteria) in pH 7.2 Mattsson’s solution that corresponds to a distinction between acceptable and unacceptable stress-corrosion behavior in brass alloys. Such particular correlations must be determined individually.  
4.3 Mattsson's solution of pH 7.2 may also cause stress independent general and intergranular corrosion of brasses to some extent. This leads to the possibility of confusing stress-corrosion failures with mechanical failures induced by corrosion-reduced net cross sections. This danger is particularly great with small cross section specimens, high applied stress levels, long exposure periods and stress-corrosion resistant alloys. Careful metallographic examination is recommended for correct diagnosis of the cause of failure. Alternatively, unstressed control specimens may be exposed to evaluate the extent to which stress independent corrosion degrades mechanical properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation and use of Mattsson’s solution of pH 7.2 as an accelerated stress-corrosion cracking test environment for brasses (copper-zinc base alloys). The variables (to the extent that these are known at present) that require control are described together with possible means for controlling and standardizing these variables.  
1.2 This practice is recommended only for brasses (copper-zinc base alloys). The use of this test environment is not recommended for other copper alloys since the results may be erroneous, providing completely misleading rankings. This is particularly true of alloys containing aluminum or nickel as deliberate alloying additions.  
1.3 This practice is intended primarily where the test objective is to determine the relative stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility of different brasses under the same or different stress conditions or to determine the absolute degree of stress corrosion cracking susceptibility, if any, of a particular brass or brass component under one or more specific stress conditions. Other legitimate test objectives for which this test solution may be used do, of course, exist. The tensile stresses present may be known or unknown, applied or residual. The practice may be applied to wrought brass products or components, brass castings, brass weldments, and so forth, and to all brasses. Strict environmental test conditions are stipulated for maximum assurance that apparent variations in stress-corrosion susceptibility are attributable to real variations in the material being tested or in the tensile stress level and not to environmental variations.  
1.4 This practice relates solely to the preparation and control of the test environment. No attempt is made to recommend surface preparation or finish, or both, as this may vary with the test objectives. Similarly, no attempt is made to recommend particular stress-corrosion test specimen configurations or methods of applying the stress. Test specimen configurations that may be used are referenced in Practice G30 and STP 425.2  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included ...

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ASTM
ASTM G186-05(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Whether Gas-Leak-Detector Fluid Solutions Can Cause Stress Corrosion Cracking of Brass Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Brass components are routinely used in compressed gas service for valves, pressure regulators, connectors and many other components. Although soft brass is not susceptible to ammonia SCC, work-hardened brass is susceptible if its hardness exceeds about 54 HR 30T (55HRB) (Rockwell scale). Normal assembly of brass components should not induce sufficient work hardening to cause susceptibility to ammonia SCC. However, it is has been observed that over-tightening of the components will render them susceptible to SCC, and the problem becomes more severe in older components that have been tightened many times. In this test, the specimens are obtained in the hardened condition and are strained beyond the elastic limit to accelerate the tendency towards SCC.  
5.2 It is normal practice to use LDFs to check pressurized systems to assure that leaking is not occurring. LDFs are usually aqueous solutions containing surfactants that will form bubbles at the site of a leak. If the LDF contains ammonia or other agent that can cause SCC in brass, serious damage can occur to the system that will compromise its safety and integrity.  
5.3 It is important to test LDFs to assure that they do not cause SCC of brass and to assure that the use of these products does not compromise the integrity of the pressure containing system.  
5.4 It has been found that corrosion of brass is necessary before SCC can occur. The reason for this is that the corrosion process results in cupric and cuprous ions accumulating in the electrolyte. Therefore, adding copper metal and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) to the aqueous solution accelerates the SCC process if agents that cause SCC are present. However, adding these components to a solution that does not cause SCC will not make stressed brass crack.  
5.5 Repeated application of the solution to the specimen followed by a drying period causes the components in the solution to concentrate thereby further increasing the rate of cracking. This also simulates se...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated test method for evaluating the tendency of gas leak detection fluids (LDFs) to cause stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of brass components in compressed gas service.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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