ASTM D3994-02(2008)

Standard Performance Specification for Woven Swimwear Fabrics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, woven fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.
It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D 3994, except for the following characteristic(s).”
Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the supplier, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular style of fabric.
The significance and use of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers woven fabrics for use in men's, women's and children's swimwear, composed of any textile fiber or mixture of textile fibers.
1.2 These requirements apply to the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method described in this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2008
• ICS: 61.020 - Clothes
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.61 - Apparel

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3994-02 - Standard Performance Specification for Woven Swimwear Fabrics
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM D3994-13 - Standard Performance Specification for Woven Swimwear Fabrics
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3994 −02(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Performance Specification for
Woven Swimwear Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3994; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 AATCC Test Methods:
8 Colorfastness to Crocking: AATCC Crockmeter Method
1.1 Thisperformancespecificationcoverswovenfabricsfor
15 Colorfastness to Perspirationn
use in men’s, women’s and children’s swimwear, composed of
16 Colorfastness to Light
any textile fiber or mixture of textile fibers.
23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes
1.2 These requirements apply to the length and width
61 Colorfastness to Washing, Domestic, and Laundering,
directions for those properties where fabric direction is perti-
Commercial Accelerated
nent.
106 Colorfastness to Water: Sea
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
107 Colorfastness to Water
test method described in this specification: This standard does
116 Colorfastnessto Crocking: Rotary Vertical Crockmeter
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
Method
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
129 Colorfastnessto Ozone in the Atmosphere Under High
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
Humidities
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
135 DimensionalChangesinAutomaticHomeLaunderingof
to use.
Durable Press Woven or Knit Fabrics
162 Colorfastness to Water: Chlorinated Pool
2. Referenced Documents
172 Colorfastness to Non-Chlorine Bleach in Home Laun-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
dering
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles 188 Colorfastness to Chlorine Bleach in Home Laundering
D434 Test Method for Resistance to Slippage of Yarns in
Evaluation Procedure No. 1 Gray Scale for Color Change
Woven Fabrics Using a Standard Seam (Withdrawn
Evaluation Procedure No. 2 Gray Scale for Staining
2003)
Evaluation Procedure No. 3 AATCC Chromatic Transfer-
D1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by
ence Scale.
Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf-Type) Apparatus
2.3 Federal Standard:
D2261 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the
16 CFR 1610 Standard for Flammability of Clothing Tex-
Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-
tiles
Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
16 CFR, Chapter II—Consumer Product Safety
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
Commission, Subchapter D—Flammable Fabrics Act
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Regulations
D2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for
2.4 Military Standard:
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
MIL-STD-105D Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-
D5034 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
spection by Attributes
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
NOTE 1—Reference to test methods in this standard give only the
permanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other test
This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
methods. The current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.
D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.61 on
Apparel.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D3994 – 02. DOI:
10.1520/D3994-02R08. Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM www.aatcc.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
the ASTM website. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
3 6
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
www.astm.org. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3994−02 (2008)
3. Terminology requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutual
agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
3.1 Definitions:
5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall
3.1.1 swimwear, n—textile garments intended for wear in
specify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D3994,
fresh, chlorinated, or salt water.
except for the following characteristic(s).”
3.2 For definitions of textile terms used in this specification,
5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached
refer to the individualASTM andAATCC test methods and to
between the purchaser and the supplier, and in case of
Terminology D123. Definitions found in a dictionary of com-
controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to
mon terms are suitable for terms used in this specification.
be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer
demands dictate varying performance parameters for any
4. Specification Requirements
particular style of fabric.
4.1 The properties of fabrics for woven swimwear shall
5.4 Thesignificanceanduseofparticularpropertiesandtest
conform to the specification requirements in Table 1.
methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the
specified test methods.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the
6. Sampling
supplier, woven fabrics intended for this end use should meet
6.1 AcceptanceTestingLot—Unlessthereisprioragreement
all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.
consider as a lot for acceptance testing all material of a single
5.2 Itisrecognizedthatforpurposesoffashionoraesthetics
item received as a single shipment.
the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may
find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the 6.2 LotSample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the at random the number of rolls as directed in an applicable
TABLE 1 Specification Requirements
NOTE 1—Class in a, b, and c is based on a numerical scale of 5 for negligible or no color change or color transfer to 1 for very severe color change
or color transfer.
Characteristic Requirements Section
A
Breaking strength (load) (CRT): 7.1
Nonstretch fabrics 133 N (30 lbf), min
Stretch fabrics 89 N (20 lbf), min @ 40 % or greater
elongation
Yarn slippage ⁄4-in. (6-mm) separation 89 N (20 lbf), min 7.2
Tear strength (nonstretch direction) 6.7 N (1.5 lbf), min 7.3
Dimensional change:
Laundering 3 %, max 7.4.1
Colorfastness:
Burnt gas fumes—1 cycle 7.5.1
Shade change, original
B
fabric and after 1 laundering Class 4 ,min
B
Chlorine Bleach Class 4 ,min 7.5.10
B
Non-Chlorine Bleach Class 4 ,min 7.5.11
Laundering 7.5.2
B
Shade change Class 4 ,min
C
Staining Class 4 ,min
Crocking 7.5.3
D
Dry Class 4 ,min
D
Wet Class 4 ,min
Water 7.5.4
B
Shade chang
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3994–95a Designation: D 3994 – 02 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Performance Specification for
Woven Swimwear Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3994; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This performance specification covers woven fabrics for use in men’s, women’s and children’s swimwear, composed of any
textile fiber or mixture of textile fibers.
1.2 These requirements apply to the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method described in this specification: This standard does not
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 434Test Method for Resistance to Slippage of Yarns in Woven Fabrics Using a Standard Seam
D1284Test Methods for Relaxation and Consolidation Dimensional Changes of Stabilized KnitWool Fabrics Test Method for
Resistance to Slippage of Yarns in Woven Fabrics Using a Standard Seam
D 1424 Test Method for Tear ResistanceTearing Strength of Woven Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum Type (Elmendorf)Apparatus
D 2261 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Woven Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Method (Constant-Rate-of-
Extension)Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine Machine)
D2262Test Method for Tearing Strength of Woven Fabrics by Tongue (Single Rip) Method (Constant-Rate-of-Traverse Tensile
Testing Machine) 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
Spectrometry
D 2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for Textiles
D 5034 Test Method for Breaking ForceStrength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
2.2 AATCC Test Methods:
8 Colorfastness to Crocking: AATCC Crockmeter Method
15 Colorfastness to Perspirationn
16 Colorfastness to Light
23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes
61 Colorfastness to Washing, Domestic, and Laundering, Commercial Accelerated
106 Colorfastness to Water: Sea
107 Colorfastness to Water
116 Colorfastnessto Crocking: Rotary Vertical Crockmeter Method
129 Colorfastnessto Ozone in the Atmosphere Under High Humidities
135 DimensionalChanges in Automatic Home Laundering of Durable Press Woven or Knit Fabrics
162 Colorfastness to Water: Chlorinated Pool
172 Colorfastness to Non-Chlorine Bleach in Home Laundering
188 Colorfastness to Chlorine Bleach in Home Laundering
Evaluation Procedure No. 1 Gray Scale for Color Change
Evaluation Procedure No. 2 Gray Scale for Staining
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.61 on Apparel.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1995. Published May 1996. Originally published as D3994–81. Last previous editioin D3994–95.
This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.61 on Apparel.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 3994 – 02.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 07.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://www.aatcc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3994 – 02 (2008)
Evaluation Procedure No. 3 AATCC Chromatic Transference Scale.
2.3 Federal Standard:
16 CFR 1610 Standard for Flammability of Clothing Textiles
16 CFR, Chapter II—Consumer Product Safety Commission, Subchapter D—Flammable Fabrics Act Regulations
2.4 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-105D Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes
NOTE 1—Reference to test methods in this standard give only the permanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other test methods. The
current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 swimwear, n—textile garments intended for wear in fresh, chlorinated, or salt water.
3.2 For definitions of textile terms used in this specification, refer to the individual ASTM and AATCC test methods and to
Terminology D 123. Definitions found in a dictionary of common terms are suitable for terms used in this specification.
4. Specification Requirements
4.1 The properties of fabrics for woven swimwear shall conform to the specification requirements in Table 1.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, woven fabrics intended for this end use should meet all
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
TABLE 1 Specification Requirements
NOTE 1—Class in a, b, and c is based on a numerical scale of 5 for negligible or no color change or color transfer to 1 for very severe color change
or color transfer.
Characteristic Requirements Section
A
Breaking strength (load) (CRT): 7.1
Nonstretch fabrics 133 N (30 lbf), min
Stretch fabrics 89 N (20 lbf), min @ 40 % or greater
elongation
Yarn slippage ⁄4-in. (6-mm) separation 89 N (20 lbf), min 7.2
Tear strength (nonstretch direction) 6.7 N (1.5 lbf), min 7.3
Dimensional change:
Laundering 3 %, max 7.4.1
Colorfastness:
Burnt gas fumes—1 cycle 7.5.1
Shade change, original
B
fabric and after 1 laundering Class 4 ,min
B
Chlorine Bleach Class 4 ,min 7.5.10
B
Non-Chlorine Bleach Class 4 ,min 7.5.11
Laundering 7.5.2
B
Shade change Class 4 ,min
C
Staining Class 4 ,min
Crocking 7.5.3
D
Dry Class 4 ,min
D
Wet Class 4 ,min
Water 7.5.4
B
Shade change Class 4 ,min
C
Staining Class 4 ,min
B
Chlorinated Pool Class 4 7.5.5
Perspiration 7.5.6
B
Shade change Class 4
C
Staining Class 4
Sea water 7.5.7
B
Shade change Class 4 ,min
C
Staining Class 4 ,min
Ozone
B
Shade change Class 3–4 ,min
B
Light (20 AATCC FU) (xenon-arc) Step 4 , min 7.5.9
Flammability Class 1 or Class 2 7.6
A
See Note 2.
B
AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.
C
AATCC Gray Scale for Staining.
D
AATCC Chromatic Transference Scale.
D 3994 – 02 (2008)
of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.
5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesth
...