ASTM E2782-11
(Guide)Standard Guide for Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA)
Standard Guide for Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Many types of measurements are made routinely in research organizations, business and industry, and government and academic agencies. Typically, data are generated from experimental effort or as observational studies. From such data, management decisions are made that may have wide-reaching social, economic, and political impact. Data and decision making go hand in hand and that is why the quality of any measurement is importantfor data originate from a measurement process. This guide presents selected concepts and methods useful for describing and understanding the measurement process. This guide is not intended to be a comprehensive survey of this topic.
Any measurement result will be said to originate from a measurement process or system. The measurement process will consist of a number of input variables and general conditions that affect the final value of the measurement. The process variables, hardware and software and their properties, and the human effort required to obtain a measurement constitute the measurement process. A measurement process will have several properties that characterize the effect of the several variables and general conditions on the measurement results. It is the properties of the measurement process that are of primary interest in any such study. The term “measurement systems analysis” or MSA study is used to describe the several methods used to characterize the measurement process.
Note 1—Sample statistics discussed in this guide are as described in Practice E2586; control chart methodologies are as described in Practice E2587.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide presents terminology, concepts, and selected methods and formulas useful for measurement systems analysis (MSA). Measurement systems analysis may be broadly described as a body of theory and methodology that applies to the non-destructive measurement of the physical properties of manufactured objects.
1.2 Units—The system of units for this guide is not specified. Dimensional quantities in the guide are presented only as illustrations of calculation methods and are not binding on products or test methods treated.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E2782 − 11 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Guide for
1
Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2782; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mental work of some national or international organization, or
(3) a consensus or certified value, based on collaborative
1.1 This guide presents terminology, concepts, and selected
experimental work under the auspices of a scientific or
methods and formulas useful for measurement systems analy-
engineering group. E177
sis (MSA). Measurement systems analysis may be broadly
described as a body of theory and methodology that applies to 3.1.3 calibration, n—process of establishing a relationship
the non-destructive measurement of the physical properties of
between a measurement device and a known standard value(s).
manufactured objects.
3.1.4 gage, n—device used as part of the measurement
1.2 Units—The system of units for this guide is not speci-
process to obtain a measurement result.
fied. Dimensional quantities in the guide are presented only as
3.1.5 measurement process, n—process used to assign a
illustrations of calculation methods and are not binding on
number to a property of an object or other physical entity.
products or test methods treated.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—The term “measurement system” is
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sometimes used in place of measurement process. (See 3.1.7.)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.6 measurement result, n—number assigned to a property
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of an object or other physical entity being measured.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Theword“measurement”isusedinthe
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
same sense as measurement result.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.7 measurement system, n—the collection of hardware,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
software, procedures and methods, human effort, environmen-
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
tal conditions, associated devices, and the objects that are
ASTM Test Methods measured for the purpose of producing a measurement.
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3.1.8 measurement systems analysis (MSA), n—any of a
E2586 Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics
number of specialized methods useful for studying a measure-
E2587 Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical
ment system and its properties.
Process Control
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3. Terminology
3.2.1 appraiser, n—the person who uses a gage or measure-
ment system.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Unless otherwise noted, terms relating to quality and
3.2.2 discrimination ratio, n—statistical ratio calculated
statistics are defined in Terminology E456.
from the statistics from a gage R&R study that measures the
3.1.2 accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an
number of 97 % confidence intervals, constructed from gage
agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which is derived
R&R variation, that fit within six standard deviations of true
as: (1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
object variation.
principles, (2) an assigned or certified value, based on experi-
3.2.3 distinct product categories, n—alternate meaning of
the discrimination ratio.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E11 on Quality and
3.2.4 gage consistency, n—constancy of repeatability vari-
Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.20 on Test Method
ance over a period of time.
Evaluation and Quality Control.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Consistency means that the variation
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011. Published February 2012. DOI:
10.1520/E2782-11.
within measurements of the same object (or group of objects)
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
under the same conditions by the same appraiser behaves in a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
state of statistical control as judged, for example, using a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. control chart. See Practice E2587.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E2782 − 11
3.2.5 gage performance curve, n—curve that shows the that affect the final value of the measurement. Th
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:E2782–10 Designation:E2782–11
Standard Guide for
1
Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2782; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide presents terminology, concepts, and selected methods and formulas useful for measurement systems analysis
(MSA). Measurement systems analysis may be broadly described as a body of theory and methodology that applies to the
non-destructive measurement of the physical properties of manufactured objects.
1.2 Units—The system of units for this guide is not specified. Dimensional quantities in the guide are presented only as
illustrations of calculation methods and are not binding on products or test methods treated.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E2586 Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics
E2587 Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical Process Control
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1Unless—Unless otherwise noted, terms relating to quality and statistics are defined in Terminology E456.
3.1.2
3.1.1 accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which is derived. as:
(1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific principles, (2) an assigned or certified value, based on experimental work
of some national or international organization, or (3) a consensus or certified value, based on collaborative experimental work
under the auspices of a scientific or engineering group. E177
3.1.3
3.1.2 calibration, n—process of establishing a relationship between a measurement device and a known standard value(s).
3.1.4
3.1.3 gage, n—device used as part of the measurement process to obtain a measurement result.
3.1.5
3.1.4 measurement process, n—process used to assign a number to a property of an object or other physical entity.
3.1.5.1
3.1.4.1 Discussion—The term “measurement system” is sometimes used in place of measurement process. (See 3.1.6.)
3.1.63.1.5 measurement result, n—number assigned to a property of an object or other physical entity being measured.
3.1.6.1
3.1.5.1 Discussion—The word “measurement” is used in the same sense as measurement result.
3.1.7
3.1.6 measurement system, n—the collection of hardware, software, procedures and methods, human effort, environmental
conditions, associated devices, and the objects that are measured for the purpose of producing a measurement.
3.1.8
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE11onQualityandStatisticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE11.20onTestMethodEvaluation
and Quality Control.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. DOI: 10.1520/E2782-10.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011. Published February 2012. DOI: 10.1520/E2782-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2782–11
3.1.7 measurement systems analysis (MSA), n—any of a number of specialized methods useful for studying a measurement
system and its properties.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 appraiser, n—the person who uses a gage or measurement system.
3.2.2 discrimination ratio, n—statistical ratio calculated from the statistics from a gage R&R study that measures the number
of 97 % confidence intervals, constructed from gage R&R variation, that fit within six standard deviations of true object variation.
3.2.3 distinct product categories, n—alternate meaning of the discrimination ratio.
3.2.4 gage consistency, n—constancy of repeatability var
...
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