ASTM D3939/D3939M-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Snagging Resistance of Fabrics (Mace)
Standard Test Method for Snagging Resistance of Fabrics (Mace)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabrics because the between-laboratory precision of the test method is poor (see 15.1).
If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical significant difference between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or future testing for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the statistically significant differences.
This test method may be used for quality control testing of fabrics during manufacturing and product comparisons of different fabrics by manufacturers, retailers, and users. This test method may also be used by researchers to examine the effect of new fibers, yarns, fabric constructions, and finishes on the snagging resistance of fabrics.
This test method may be used to test the snagging resistance of most apparel and home furnishings fabrics. However, a different test method may be needed for different types of fabrics and different end-uses (such as towels, pants, and upholstery) (see 5.3.1).
Some fabrics that may not be suitable for this test method are described in 1.2. Many open construction fabrics can be tested for snagging resistance using AATCC Test Method 65. The snagging resistance of many pile floor coverings can be tested by Test Method D1335. Test Method D5362 (Bean Bag) may also be considered as an a...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the snagging resistance of a fabric.
1.2 Studies of fabric snagging have shown that this test method is suitable for a range of woven and knitted fabrics made from textured or untextured filament yarns or spun yarns or combinations of these yarns. , This test method is not suitable for (1) open construction fabrics (such as a net) because the points on the mace will snag the felt pad rather than the specimen, (2) very heavy or very stiff fabrics that cannot be made to fit tightly on the drum and felt pad, and (3) tufted or nonwoven fabrics because the apparatus is designed for woven and knitted fabrics.
1.3 If after using this test method it is found to be too severe for your fabrics, an alternative method can be used, such as BS 8479 Textiles: Method for Determination of the Propensity of Fabrics to Snagging and Related Surface Defects - Rotating Chamber Method.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way. In case of referee decisions, the SI units will prevail.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
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Designation: D3939/D3939M − 11
StandardTest Method for
1
Snagging Resistance of Fabrics (Mace)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3939/D3939M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 Thistestmethoddeterminesthesnaggingresistanceofa
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
fabric.
D1335 Test Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Yarn Floor
1.2 Studies of fabric snagging have shown that this test
Coverings
method is suitable for a range of woven and knitted fabrics
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
made from textured or untextured filament yarns or spun yarns
D2724 Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and Laminated
2,3
or combinations of these yarns. This test method is not Apparel Fabrics
suitable for (1) open construction fabrics (such as a net) D3136 Terminology Relating to Care Labeling for Apparel,
Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather Products
because the points on the mace will snag the felt pad rather
D4467 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
than the specimen, (2) very heavy or very stiff fabrics that
Method That Produces Non-Normally Distributed Data
cannot be made to fit tightly on the drum and felt pad, and (3)
5
(Withdrawn 2010)
tufted or nonwoven fabrics because the apparatus is designed
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
for woven and knitted fabrics.
Methods
1.3 If after using this test method it is found to be too severe
D5362 Test Method for Snagging Resistance of Fabrics
for your fabrics, an alternative method can be used, such as BS
(Bean Bag)
6
8479 Textiles: Method for Determination of the Propensity of
2.2 AATCC Standards:
Fabrics to Snagging and Related Surface Defects - Rotating
65 Test Method for Snag Resistance of Women’s Nylon
Chamber Method.
Hosiery (see Note 1)
135 Test Method for Dimensional Changes in Automatic
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or in other units shall
Home Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics
be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in
NOTE 1—In 1988, theAATCC voted to withdraw this test method from
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
its technical manual; however, the ASTM task group on fabric snagging
system must be used independently of the other, without
decided it should be listed as an alternative for testing open construction
combining values in any way. In case of referee decisions, the
fabrics.
SI units will prevail.
3. Terminology
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(color contrast, in textiles; distortion, in fabrics; protrusion, in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
fabrics; snag, in fabrics; snagging resistance, in fabrics), refer
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
to Terminology D4850.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
tionary statements are given in Section 7.
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
method, refer to Terminology D123.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
4
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
General. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D3939 – 10. DOI: the ASTM website.
5
10.1520/D3939-11. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
2
Finnigan,J.A., “Laboratory Prediction of the Tendency of a Fabric to Snag www.astm.org.
6
During Wear,” Textile Institute and Industry, Vol 10 , No. 6, 1972, pp. 164–167. Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
3
Leung, P., and Hershkowitz, R., “Snag- and Fuzz-Resistant Double Knits via (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://
Fabric Construction,” Textile Research Journal, Vol 45, No. 2, 1975, pp. 93–102. www.aatcc.org
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D3939/D3939M − 11
4. Summary of Test Method greater variation in wear than in replicate fabric specimens
subje
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3939/D3939M–10 Designation: D3939/D3939M – 11
Standard Test Method for
1
Snagging Resistance of Fabrics (Mace)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3939/D3939M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the snagging resistance of a fabric.
1.2 Studies of fabric snagging have shown that this test method is suitable for a range of woven and knitted fabrics made from
,
2 3
textured or untextured filament yarns or spun yarns or combinations of these yarns. This test method is not suitable for (1) open
construction fabrics (such as a net) because the points on the mace will snag the felt pad rather than the specimen, (2) very heavy
or very stiff fabrics that cannot be made to fit tightly on the drum and felt pad, and (3) tufted or nonwoven fabrics because the
apparatus is designed for woven and knitted fabrics.
1.3 If after using this test method it is found to be too severe for your fabrics, an alternative method can be used, such as BS
8479Textiles:MethodforDeterminationofthePropensityofFabricstoSnaggingandRelatedSurfaceDefects-RotatingChamber
Method.
1.4 ThevaluesstatedineitheracceptablemetricSIunitsorinotherunitsshallberegardedseparatelyasthestandard.Thevalues
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without
combining values in any way. In case of referee decisions, the metricSI units will prevail.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1335 Test Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D2724 Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and Laminated Apparel Fabrics
D3136 Terminology Relating to Care Labeling for Apparel, Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather Products
D4467 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method That Produces Non-Normally Distributed Data
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
D5362 Test Method for Snagging Resistance of Fabrics (Bean Bag)
5
2.2 AATCC Standards:
65 Test Method for Snag Resistance of Women’s Nylon Hosiery (see Note 1)
135 Test Method for Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics
NOTE 1—In1988,theAATCCvotedtowithdrawthistestmethodfromitstechnicalmanual;however,theASTMtaskgrouponfabricsnaggingdecided
it should be listed as an alternative for testing open construction fabrics.
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method: (color contrast, in textiles; distortion, in fabrics; protrusion, in
fabrics; snag, in fabrics; snagging resistance, in fabrics), refer to Terminology D4850.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on FabricTest Methods, General.
Current edition approved June 15, 2010. Published August 2010. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D3939–09. DOI:
10.1520/D3939-10.
Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D3939 – 10. DOI:
10.1520/D3939-11.
2
Finnigan,J.A., “Laboratory Prediction of the Tendency of a Fabric to Snag During Wear,” Textile Institute and Industry, Vol 10 , No. 6, 1972, pp. 164–167.
3
Leung, P., and Hershkowitz, R., “Snag- and Fuzz-Resistant Double Knits via Fabric Construction,” Textile Research Journal, Vol 45, No. 2, 1975, pp. 93–102.
4
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
5
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://www.aatcc.org
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
...
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