ASTM D2209-00(2015)

Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The tensile strength test gives a reliable indication of the quality of the leather. Improperly lubricated and partially degraded leathers give low values for tensile strength. The orientation of the specimen in relation to the backbone and the location of the specimen on the hide influence the results significantly. This test method is excellent for development, control, specification acceptance, and service evaluation of leather. This test method may not apply when the conditions of test employed differ widely from those specified in the test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load required to rupture a leather test specimen having a 1/2-in. (12.7-mm) width. The load to rupture divided by the original unstretched cross-sectional area gives the tensile strength. It may be used for all types of leather that are smooth and firm enough to permit accurate thickness measurements. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2015
• ICS: 59.140.30 - Leather and furs
• Technical Committee: D31 - Leather
• Drafting Committee: D31.07 - Physical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2209 − 00 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
1
Tensile Strength of Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2209; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope clamped in the testing machine as described in 9.3. The force
required to rupture the leather at a jaw separation of 10 6 2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load
in./min. is measured. The tensile strength is calculated in psi or
1
required to rupture a leather test specimen having a ⁄2-in.
in kPa by dividing the force by the area of the original cross
(12.7-mm) width. The load to rupture divided by the original
section of its narrow section. The percent elongation at rupture
unstretched cross-sectional area gives the tensile strength. It
is also measured.
may be used for all types of leather that are smooth and firm
enough to permit accurate thickness measurements. This test
5. Significance and Use
method does not apply to wet blue.
5.1 The tensile strength test gives a reliable indication of the
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
quality of the leather. Improperly lubricated and partially
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
degraded leathers give low values for tensile strength. The
information only.
orientation of the specimen in relation to the backbone and the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
location of the specimen on the hide influence the results
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
significantly. This test method is excellent for development,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
control, specification acceptance, and service evaluation of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- leather. This test method may not apply when the conditions of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
test employed differ widely from those specified in the test
method.
2. Referenced Documents
2
6. Apparatus
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1517 Terminology Relating to Leather
6.1 Testing Machine, Power-Driven— The applied load
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod-
shall be indicated on a dial, scale, or chart. The load indicator
ucts for Testing
shall record or indicate the maximum load at the time of
D1813 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather
rupture of the specimen. The machine shall be equipped with a
Test Specimens
set of grips for clamping the specimens. The faces of the grips
D2211 Test Method for Elongation of Leather
should be knurled or otherwise roughened to prevent slipping
1
ofthespecimen.Thegrippingsurfacesshallbeatleast1by1 ⁄2
3. Terminology
in. (25.4 by 38 mm). The grips shall be mounted with the
3.1 For definitions of leather terms used in this standard
longer dimension perpendicular to the direction of the appli-
refer to Terminology D1517.
cation of the load. The speed of the power-activated grip shall
be uniform speed of 10 6 2 in./ min (254 6 50 mm/min) when
4. Summary of Test Method
running free. The error of the machine up to a load of 50 lbf
4.1 The width and thickness are measured in the center of
(222 N) shall not exceed 2 %; at loads of more than 50 lbf the
the narrow area of the leather specimen. The specimen is
error shall not exceed 1 %.
1
6.2 ThicknessGage—Adead-mass type of thickness gage as
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.07 on Physical Properties.This
described in Test Method D1813.
test method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists
6.3 Steel Scale, graduated to read in 0.02 in. (0.5 mm).
Assn. (Standard Method E15 – 1965).
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2015.PublishedJuly2015.Originallyapproved
6.4 Steel Die, to cut test specimens designed as shown in
in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2209 – 00 (2010). DOI:
Fig. 1.
10.1520/D2209-00R15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.5 Cutting Block, which shall consist of a flat hardwood
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
support upon which is placed a flat, smooth sheet of firm
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. material that will not injure the cutting edge of the die.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

----------
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2209 − 00 (Reapproved 2010) D2209 − 00 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
1
Tensile Strength of Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2209; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load required to rupture a leather test specimen having a ⁄2-in. (12.7-mm)
width. The load to rupture divided by the original unstretched cross-sectional area gives the tensile strength. It may be used for
all types of leather that are smooth and firm enough to permit accurate thickness measurements. This test method does not apply
to wet blue.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1517 Terminology Relating to Leather
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing
D1813 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather Test Specimens
D2211 Test Method for Elongation of Leather
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of leather terms used in this standard refer to Terminology D1517.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The width and thickness are measured in the center of the narrow area of the leather specimen. The specimen is clamped
in the testing machine as described in 9.3. The force required to rupture the leather at a jaw separation of 10 6 2 in./min. is
measured. The tensile strength is calculated in psi or in kPa by dividing the force by the area of the original cross section of its
narrow section. The percent elongation at rupture is also measured.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The tensile strength test gives a reliable indication of the quality of the leather. Improperly lubricated and partially degraded
leathers give low values for tensile strength. The orientation of the specimen in relation to the backbone and the location of the
specimen on the hide influence the results significantly. This test method is excellent for development, control, specification
acceptance, and service evaluation of leather. This test method may not apply when the conditions of test employed differ widely
from those specified in the test method.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Testing Machine, Power-Driven— The applied load shall be indicated on a dial, scale, or chart. The load indicator shall
record or indicate the maximum load at the time of rupture of the specimen. The machine shall be equipped with a set of grips
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.07 on Physical Properties. This
test method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn. (Standard Method E15 – 1965).
Current edition approved April 1, 2010May 1, 2015. Published May 2010July 2015. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 as
D2209 – 00 (2004).(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D2209-00R10.10.1520/D2209-00R15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2209 − 00 (2015)
for clamping the specimens. The faces of the grips should be knurled or otherwise roughened to prevent slipping of the specimen.
1
The gripping surfaces shall be at least 1 by 1 ⁄2 in. (25.4 by 38 mm). The grips shall be mounted with the longer dimension
perpendicular to the direction of the application of the load. The speed of the power-activated grip shall be uniform speed of 10
6 2 in./ min (254 6 50 mm/min) when running free. The error of the machine up to a load of 50 lbf (222 N) shall not exceed
2 %; at l
...