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ASTM F3411-19

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Remote ID and Tracking

Standard Specification for Remote ID and Tracking

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements for remote identification (Remote ID) of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Remote ID allows governmental and civil identification of UAS for safety, security, and compliance purposes. The objective is to increase UAS remote pilot accountability by removing anonymity while preserving operational privacy for remote pilots, businesses, and their customers. Remote ID is an enabler of enhanced operations such as beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operations as well as operations over people.  
1.2 This specification defines message formats, transmission methods, and minimum performance standards for two forms of Remote ID: broadcast and network. Broadcast Remote ID is based on the transmission of radio signals directly from a UAS to receivers in the UAS’s vicinity. Network Remote ID is based on communication by means of the internet from a network Remote ID service provider (Net-RID SP) that interfaces directly or indirectly with the UAS, or with other sources in the case of non-equipped network participants.  
1.3 This specification addresses the communications and test requirements of broadcast or network Remote ID, or both, in UAS and Net-RID SP systems.  
1.4 Applicability:  
1.4.1 This specification is applicable to UAS that operate at very low level (VLL) airspace over diverse environments including but not limited to rural, urban, networked, network degraded, and network denied environments, regardless of airspace class.  
1.4.2 This specification neither purports to address UAS operating with approval to use ADS-B or secondary surveillance radar transponders, nor does it purport to solve ID needs of UAS for all operations.  
1.4.3 In particular, this specification does not purport to address identification needs for UAS that are not participating in Remote ID or operators that purposefully circumvent Remote ID.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5.1 Units of measurement included in this specification:    
m  
meters  
deg, °  
degrees of latitude and longitude, compass direction  
s  
seconds  
Hz  
Hertz (frequency)  
dBm  
decibel-milliwatts (radio frequency power)  
ppm  
parts per million (radio frequency variation)  
μs  
microseconds  
ms  
milliseconds  
1.6 Table of Contents:    
Title  
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Remote ID and Network Interoperability Conceptual Overview  
4  
Performance Requirements  
5  
TEST METHODS  
Scope  
6  
Significance and Use  
7  
Hazards  
8  
Test Units  
9  
Procedure  
10  
Precision and Bias  
11  
Product Marking  
12  
Packaging and Package Marking  
13  
Keywords  
14  
ANNEX A1—Broadcast Authentication Verifier Service  
Annex A1  
ANNEX A2—Network Remote ID Interoperability Requirements, APIs, and Testing  
Annex A2  
ANNEX A3—Tables of Values  
Annex A3  
ANNEX A4—USS-DSS and USS-USS OpenAPI YAML Description  
Annex A4  
APPENDIX X1—Performance Characteristics  
Appendix X1  
APPENDIX X2—List of Subcommittee Participants and Contributors  
Appendix X2  
APPENDIX X3—Background Information  
Appendix X3  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 8 on Hazards.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International S...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2019
ICS
03.220.50 - Air transport
49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general
Technical Committee
F38 - Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Drafting Committee
F38.02 - Flight Operations
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM F3411-19 - Standard Specification for Remote ID and TrackingASTM F3411-19 - Standard Specification for Remote ID and Tracking
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ASTM F3411-19 - Standard Specification for Remote ID and Tracking
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F3411 −19
Standard Specification for
1
Remote ID and Tracking
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3411; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.4.3 In particular, this specification does not purport to
address identification needs for UAS that are not participating
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements
in Remote ID or operators that purposefully circumvent
for remote identification (Remote ID) of unmanned aircraft
Remote ID.
systems (UAS). Remote ID allows governmental and civil
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
identification of UAS for safety, security, and compliance
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
purposes. The objective is to increase UAS remote pilot
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
accountabilitybyremovinganonymitywhilepreservingopera-
1.5.1 Units of measurement included in this specification:
tional privacy for remote pilots, businesses, and their custom-
m meters
ers. Remote ID is an enabler of enhanced operations such as
deg, ° degrees of latitude and longitude, compass direction
beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operations as well as
s seconds
Hz Hertz (frequency)
operations over people.
dBm decibel-milliwatts (radio frequency power)
ppm parts per million (radio frequency variation)
1.2 This specification defines message formats, transmis-
µs microseconds
sion methods, and minimum performance standards for two
ms milliseconds
forms of Remote ID: broadcast and network. Broadcast Re-
1.6 Table of Contents:
mote ID is based on the transmission of radio signals directly
Title Section
from a UAS to receivers in the UAS’s vicinity. Network
Scope 1
RemoteIDisbasedoncommunicationbymeansoftheinternet Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
from a network Remote ID service provider (Net-RID SP) that
Remote ID and Network Interoperability Conceptual Overview 4
interfaces directly or indirectly with the UAS, or with other
Performance Requirements 5
TEST METHODS
sources in the case of non-equipped network participants.
Scope 6
Significance and Use 7
1.3 This specification addresses the communications and
Hazards 8
test requirements of broadcast or network Remote ID, or both,
Test Units 9
in UAS and Net-RID SP systems.
Procedure 10
Precision and Bias 11
1.4 Applicability: Product Marking 12
Packaging and Package Marking 13
1.4.1 This specification is applicable to UAS that operate at
Keywords 14
very low level (VLL) airspace over diverse environments
ANNEX A1—Broadcast Authentication Verifier Service Annex A1
ANNEX A2—Network Remote ID Interoperability Requirements, Annex A2
including but not limited to rural, urban, networked, network
APIs, and Testing
degraded, and network denied environments, regardless of
ANNEX A3—Tables of Values Annex A3
airspace class. ANNEX A4—USS-DSS and USS-USS OpenAPI YAML Annex A4
Description
1.4.2 This specification neither purports to address UAS
APPENDIX X1—Performance Characteristics Appendix X1
operating with approval to use ADS-B or secondary surveil- APPENDIX X2—List of Subcommittee Participants and Appendix X2
Contributors
lance radar transponders, nor does it purport to solve ID needs
APPENDIX X3—Background Information Appendix X3
of UAS for all operations.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
UnmannedAircraftSystemsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF38.02
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
on Flight Operations.
use. SomespecifichazardsstatementsaregiveninSection8on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published February 2020. DOI: 10.1520/
F3411–19. Hazards.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3411−19
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor- 3.1.2 beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS)—the operation
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- when the individual responsible for controlling the flight of the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the unmanned aircraft (UA) cannot maintain direct unaided (other
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- than by corrective lenses or sunglasses, or both) visual contact
mendations issue
...

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ASTM F3411-22a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Remote ID and Tracking

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements for remote identification (Remote ID) of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Remote ID allows governmental and civil identification of UAS for safety, security, and compliance purposes. The objective is to increase UAS remote pilot accountability by removing anonymity while preserving operational privacy for remote pilots, businesses, and their customers. Remote ID is an enabler of enhanced operations such as beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operations as well as operations over people.  
1.2 This specification defines message formats, transmission methods, and minimum performance standards for two forms of Remote ID: broadcast and network. Broadcast Remote ID is based on the transmission of radio signals directly from a UAS to receivers in the UAS’s vicinity. Network Remote ID is based on communication by means of the internet from a network Remote ID service provider (Net-RID SP) that interfaces directly or indirectly with the UAS, or with other sources in the case of intent-based network participants.  
1.3 This specification addresses the communications and test requirements of broadcast or network Remote ID, or both, in UAS and Net-RID SP systems.  
1.4 Applicability:  
1.4.1 This specification is applicable to UAS that operate at very low level (VLL) airspace over diverse environments including but not limited to rural, urban, networked, network degraded, and network denied environments, regardless of airspace class.  
1.4.2 This specification neither purports to address UAS operating with approval to use ADS-B or secondary surveillance radar transponders, nor does it purport to solve ID needs of UAS for all operations.  
1.4.3 In particular, this specification does not purport to address identification needs for UAS that are not participating in Remote ID or operators that purposefully circumvent Remote ID.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5.1 Units of measurement included in this specification:    
m  
meters  
deg, °  
degrees of latitude and longitude, compass direction  
s  
seconds  
Hz  
Hertz (frequency)  
dBm  
decibel-milliwatts (radio frequency power)  
ppm  
parts per million (radio frequency variation)  
μs  
microseconds  
ms  
milliseconds  
1.6 Table of Contents:    
Title  
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Remote ID and Network Interoperability Conceptual Overview  
4  
Performance Requirements  
5  
TEST METHODS  
Scope  
6  
Significance and Use  
7  
Hazards  
8  
Test Units  
9  
Procedure  
10  
Precision and Bias  
11  
Product Marking  
12  
Packaging and Package Marking  
13  
Keywords  
14  
ANNEX A1—Broadcast Authentication Verifier Service  
Annex A1  
ANNEX A2—Network Remote ID Interoperability Requirements, APIs, and Testing  
Annex A2  
ANNEX A3—Tables of Values  
Annex A3  
ANNEX A4—USS-DSS and USS-USS OpenAPI YAML Description  
Annex A4  
ANNEX A5—Number Registrar Management Policy  
Annex A5  
APPENDIX X1—Performance Characteristics  
Appendix X1  
APPENDIX X2—List of Subcommittee Participants and Contributors  
Appendix X2  
APPENDIX X3—Background Information  
Appendix X3  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 8 on Hazards.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the D...

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ASTM F3586-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Remote ID Means of Compliance to Federal Aviation Administration Regulation 14 CFR Part 89

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The general approach to this practice is to serve as an “overlay” of requirements to the ASTM F3411-22a Standard Specification for Remote ID and Tracking by identifying mandatory portions, substituting values as needed, overriding items that may be optional, and providing additional requirements that are beyond the scope of Specification F3411, yet are necessary to provide proper guidance to meet the requirements set forth in Part 89.  
3.2 Furthermore, this practice provides additional details on minimal testing requirements for those submitting a DOC based on this MOC.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a Means of Compliance (MOC) that gives sufficient clarity to the Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) or Broadcast Module manufacturers to produce a compliant Remote ID (RID) System (RIDS) such that submitting a Declaration of Compliance2 (DOC) to this MOC will satisfy the requirements of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 14 CFR Part 89 (Part 89) rule.3 This practice also explains what to expect from aircraft operating in compliance to this MOC.  
1.2 The FAA provided three options to comply with the Remote ID regulations: Standard Remote ID UAS, Remote ID Broadcast Modules, and FAA-recognized identification areas (FRIAs). The scope of this MOC is to cover both Standard RID and RID Broadcast Modules.  
1.3 The FRIA portion of the rule is out of scope since it provides a means to avoid the technical RID requirements by operating within administrative boundaries.  
1.4 Both SI and non-SI units are used in this document. Since this is an aviation standard and it addresses FAA rules, some units are used in preference of being consistent with industry and regulatory norms.  
1.5 Table of Contents:    
Title  
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Significance and Use  
3  
Subset of Options in the F3411 Specification Considered  
4  
Requirements and Exceptions from the F3411 Specification  
5  
Alternative Applications of Specification F3411 to Meet Part 89
Requirements  
6  
MOC Requirements Not Covered by the Practice  
7  
Test Methods  
8  
Precision and Bias  
9  
Satisfaction of Rule Requirements  
10  
Keywords  
11  
ANNEX A1—Simulation Option for Accuracy Testing  
Annex A1  
APPENDIX X1—External Device for GCS Location Source Rationale  
Appendix X1  
APPENDIX X2—Power Level Rationale  
Appendix X2  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F3478-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Development of a Durability and Reliability Flight Demonstration Program for Low-Risk Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) under FAA Oversight

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Demonstration plans developed in accordance with this practice will include all necessary content and key considerations to support an effective flight demonstration program aimed at approval or certification of UAS by the FAA through D&R demonstration.  
4.2 This practice does not address planning requirements for UAS development testing. It is assumed that a manufacturer has completed all UAS design and development and is preparing demonstration programs to support compliance demonstration on a stable and controlled system configuration. Manufacturers who wish to prepare a detailed design and development program should review Specification F3298 for programmatic examples.  
4.3 This practice is intended to be used on low-risk UAS that meet the following design criteria and operating limitations.  
4.3.1 The UAS has a command and control link that enables the pilot-in-command to take contingency action.  
4.3.2 The unmanned aircraft (UA) has a kinetic energy of ≤25 000 ft-lb calculated in accordance with methods specified within the MOC.  
4.3.3 The UA is operated ≤400 ft above ground level (AGL).  
4.3.4 No operations over open-air assemblies (operations over people are acceptable).  
4.3.5 No flight into known icing.  
4.3.6 Maximum of 20:1 aircraft to pilot ratio.  
4.3.7 The UA is electrically powered (excludes internal combustion engines and fuel cells).
SCOPE
1.1 This standard practice is intended for low-risk UAS seeking type certification by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) under 14 CFR Part 21.17(b) in accordance with the FAA durability and reliability (D&R) means of compliance (MOC). The definition of “low-risk UAS” does not necessarily align with other definitions found within corresponding ASTM standards (F3442/F3442M) or other UAS-related standards. For the purposes of this practice, “low-risk” is defined as a UAS operated in accordance with the concept of operations (CONOPs), eligibility criteria, and kinetic energy threshold specified in the G-1 Issue Paper (which will be provided to the applicant by the FAA). See 4.3 for design criteria and operating limitations for low-risk UAS.  
1.2 This standard practice establishes a common methodology and key considerations for the development of minimum flight plans for low-risk UAS that demonstrate aircraft reliability as part of a D&R MOC.  
1.3 The scope of this standard practice encompasses D&R planning, data collection, and reporting.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. This is not intended to limit the systems of units used for design, development testing, or demonstration testing. However, the units of measurement used on pilot-facing placards and markings and manuals must be the same as those used on the corresponding equipment with recognition that international aviation utilizes feet for altitude and knots for airspeed as operational parameters.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F3411-22a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Remote ID and Tracking

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements for remote identification (Remote ID) of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Remote ID allows governmental and civil identification of UAS for safety, security, and compliance purposes. The objective is to increase UAS remote pilot accountability by removing anonymity while preserving operational privacy for remote pilots, businesses, and their customers. Remote ID is an enabler of enhanced operations such as beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operations as well as operations over people.  
1.2 This specification defines message formats, transmission methods, and minimum performance standards for two forms of Remote ID: broadcast and network. Broadcast Remote ID is based on the transmission of radio signals directly from a UAS to receivers in the UAS’s vicinity. Network Remote ID is based on communication by means of the internet from a network Remote ID service provider (Net-RID SP) that interfaces directly or indirectly with the UAS, or with other sources in the case of intent-based network participants.  
1.3 This specification addresses the communications and test requirements of broadcast or network Remote ID, or both, in UAS and Net-RID SP systems.  
1.4 Applicability:  
1.4.1 This specification is applicable to UAS that operate at very low level (VLL) airspace over diverse environments including but not limited to rural, urban, networked, network degraded, and network denied environments, regardless of airspace class.  
1.4.2 This specification neither purports to address UAS operating with approval to use ADS-B or secondary surveillance radar transponders, nor does it purport to solve ID needs of UAS for all operations.  
1.4.3 In particular, this specification does not purport to address identification needs for UAS that are not participating in Remote ID or operators that purposefully circumvent Remote ID.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5.1 Units of measurement included in this specification:    
m  
meters  
deg, °  
degrees of latitude and longitude, compass direction  
s  
seconds  
Hz  
Hertz (frequency)  
dBm  
decibel-milliwatts (radio frequency power)  
ppm  
parts per million (radio frequency variation)  
μs  
microseconds  
ms  
milliseconds  
1.6 Table of Contents:    
Title  
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Remote ID and Network Interoperability Conceptual Overview  
4  
Performance Requirements  
5  
TEST METHODS  
Scope  
6  
Significance and Use  
7  
Hazards  
8  
Test Units  
9  
Procedure  
10  
Precision and Bias  
11  
Product Marking  
12  
Packaging and Package Marking  
13  
Keywords  
14  
ANNEX A1—Broadcast Authentication Verifier Service  
Annex A1  
ANNEX A2—Network Remote ID Interoperability Requirements, APIs, and Testing  
Annex A2  
ANNEX A3—Tables of Values  
Annex A3  
ANNEX A4—USS-DSS and USS-USS OpenAPI YAML Description  
Annex A4  
ANNEX A5—Number Registrar Management Policy  
Annex A5  
APPENDIX X1—Performance Characteristics  
Appendix X1  
APPENDIX X2—List of Subcommittee Participants and Contributors  
Appendix X2  
APPENDIX X3—Background Information  
Appendix X3  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 8 on Hazards.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the D...

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ASTM F3586-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Remote ID Means of Compliance to Federal Aviation Administration Regulation 14 CFR Part 89

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The general approach to this practice is to serve as an “overlay” of requirements to the ASTM F3411-22a Standard Specification for Remote ID and Tracking by identifying mandatory portions, substituting values as needed, overriding items that may be optional, and providing additional requirements that are beyond the scope of Specification F3411, yet are necessary to provide proper guidance to meet the requirements set forth in Part 89.  
3.2 Furthermore, this practice provides additional details on minimal testing requirements for those submitting a DOC based on this MOC.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a Means of Compliance (MOC) that gives sufficient clarity to the Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) or Broadcast Module manufacturers to produce a compliant Remote ID (RID) System (RIDS) such that submitting a Declaration of Compliance2 (DOC) to this MOC will satisfy the requirements of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 14 CFR Part 89 (Part 89) rule.3 This practice also explains what to expect from aircraft operating in compliance to this MOC.  
1.2 The FAA provided three options to comply with the Remote ID regulations: Standard Remote ID UAS, Remote ID Broadcast Modules, and FAA-recognized identification areas (FRIAs). The scope of this MOC is to cover both Standard RID and RID Broadcast Modules.  
1.3 The FRIA portion of the rule is out of scope since it provides a means to avoid the technical RID requirements by operating within administrative boundaries.  
1.4 Both SI and non-SI units are used in this document. Since this is an aviation standard and it addresses FAA rules, some units are used in preference of being consistent with industry and regulatory norms.  
1.5 Table of Contents:    
Title  
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Significance and Use  
3  
Subset of Options in the F3411 Specification Considered  
4  
Requirements and Exceptions from the F3411 Specification  
5  
Alternative Applications of Specification F3411 to Meet Part 89
Requirements  
6  
MOC Requirements Not Covered by the Practice  
7  
Test Methods  
8  
Precision and Bias  
9  
Satisfaction of Rule Requirements  
10  
Keywords  
11  
ANNEX A1—Simulation Option for Accuracy Testing  
Annex A1  
APPENDIX X1—External Device for GCS Location Source Rationale  
Appendix X1  
APPENDIX X2—Power Level Rationale  
Appendix X2  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F3478-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Development of a Durability and Reliability Flight Demonstration Program for Low-Risk Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) under FAA Oversight

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Demonstration plans developed in accordance with this practice will include all necessary content and key considerations to support an effective flight demonstration program aimed at approval or certification of UAS by the FAA through D&R demonstration.  
4.2 This practice does not address planning requirements for UAS development testing. It is assumed that a manufacturer has completed all UAS design and development and is preparing demonstration programs to support compliance demonstration on a stable and controlled system configuration. Manufacturers who wish to prepare a detailed design and development program should review Specification F3298 for programmatic examples.  
4.3 This practice is intended to be used on low-risk UAS that meet the following design criteria and operating limitations.  
4.3.1 The UAS has a command and control link that enables the pilot-in-command to take contingency action.  
4.3.2 The unmanned aircraft (UA) has a kinetic energy of ≤25 000 ft-lb calculated in accordance with methods specified within the MOC.  
4.3.3 The UA is operated ≤400 ft above ground level (AGL).  
4.3.4 No operations over open-air assemblies (operations over people are acceptable).  
4.3.5 No flight into known icing.  
4.3.6 Maximum of 20:1 aircraft to pilot ratio.  
4.3.7 The UA is electrically powered (excludes internal combustion engines and fuel cells).
SCOPE
1.1 This standard practice is intended for low-risk UAS seeking type certification by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) under 14 CFR Part 21.17(b) in accordance with the FAA durability and reliability (D&R) means of compliance (MOC). The definition of “low-risk UAS” does not necessarily align with other definitions found within corresponding ASTM standards (F3442/F3442M) or other UAS-related standards. For the purposes of this practice, “low-risk” is defined as a UAS operated in accordance with the concept of operations (CONOPs), eligibility criteria, and kinetic energy threshold specified in the G-1 Issue Paper (which will be provided to the applicant by the FAA). See 4.3 for design criteria and operating limitations for low-risk UAS.  
1.2 This standard practice establishes a common methodology and key considerations for the development of minimum flight plans for low-risk UAS that demonstrate aircraft reliability as part of a D&R MOC.  
1.3 The scope of this standard practice encompasses D&R planning, data collection, and reporting.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. This is not intended to limit the systems of units used for design, development testing, or demonstration testing. However, the units of measurement used on pilot-facing placards and markings and manuals must be the same as those used on the corresponding equipment with recognition that international aviation utilizes feet for altitude and knots for airspeed as operational parameters.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F3450-20(Guide)
Standard Guide for Flight Hazard and Surveillance Systems Personnel Certification

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The guide is intended to be used to assess competencies of qualified individuals who wish to become certified as an FHSS technician through a certification program.  
4.2 The guide is intended to be used in concert with a certification provider’s structure and materials for management, exam delivery, and candidate preparation.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to address the basic fundamental subject knowledge activities and functions for avionics professionals to be titled Flight Hazard and Surveillance Systems (FHSS) Technicians.  
1.2 This guide does not cover weather detection and avoidance systems. These systems will be addressed in a future Aircraft Electronics Technician (AET) endorsement standard.  
1.3 This guide is the basis for the FHSS certification, an endorsement to the AET certification. Candidates must be a certified AET to take the certification exam associated with this guide.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    5 pages
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ASTM
ASTM F3245-19(Guide)
Standard Guide for Aircraft Electronics Technician Personnel Certification

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The guide is intended to be used to assess competencies of qualified individuals who wish to become certified as an Aircraft Electronics Technician through a certification program.  
4.2 The guide is intended to be used in concert with a certification provider’s structure and materials for management, exam delivery, and candidate preparation.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to address the basic fundamental subject knowledge, task performance, and task knowledge activities and functions for avionics professionals to be titled Aircraft Electronics Technicians (AETs).  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    7 pages
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  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM F1210-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Lakes and Large Water Bodies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is meant to aid response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.  
3.2 This guide should be adapted to site specific circumstance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. The guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response.  
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. Chemical dispersants should be given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures.  
1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. The dispersibility of the oil with the chosen dispersant should be evaluated.  
1.4 The guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts).  
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters.  
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.  
1.7 This guide does not address getting regulatory approval.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    3 pages
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  • Guide
    3 pages
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ASTM
ASTM C596-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    4 pages
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  • Standard
    4 pages
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