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ASTM D6868-03

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Biodegradable Plastics Used as Coatings on Paper and Other Compostable Substrates

Standard Specification for Biodegradable Plastics Used as Coatings on Paper and Other Compostable Substrates

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for labelling of materials and products (including packaging), wherein a biodegradable plastic film or coating is attached (either through lamination or extrusion directly onto the paper) to compostable substrates and the entire product or package is designed to be composted in municipal and industrial aerobic composting facilities. This specification, however, does not describe the contents of the product or their performance with regards to compostability or biodegradability. In order to compost satisfactorily, the product must demonstrate each of the three characteristics as follows: (1) proper disintegration during composting; (2) adequate level of inherent biodegradation; and (3) no adverse impacts on the ability of composts to support plant growth.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers biodegradable plastics and products (including packaging), where plastic film or sheet is attached (either through lamination or extrusion directly onto the paper) to substrates and the entire product or package is designed to be composted in municipal and industrial aerobic composting facilities.
1.2 This specification is intended to establish the requirements for labeling of materials and products, including packaging, using coatings of biodegradable plastics, as "compostable in municipal and industrial composting facilities."
1.3 The properties in this specification are those required to determine if products (including packaging) using plastic films or sheets will compost satisfactorily, including biodegrading at a rate comparable to known compostable materials. Further, the properties in the specification are required to assure that the degradation of these materials will not diminish the value or utility of the compost resulting from the composting process.
1.4 This standard does not describe contents or their performance with regard to compostability or biodegradability.
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test methods portion of this standard: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate health and safety practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—No equivalent ISO specifications exist for this standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-2003
ICS
13.030.99 - Other standards related to wastes
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.96 - Environmentally Degradable Plastics and Biobased Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6868-11 - Standard Specification for Labeling of End Items that Incorporate Plastics and Polymers as Coatings or Additives with Paper and Other Substrates Designed to be Aerobically Composted in Municipal or Industrial Facilities
Effective Date
01-Feb-2011
Referred By
ASTM D6400-23 - Standard Specification for Labeling of Plastics Designed to be Aerobically Composted in Municipal or Industrial Facilities
Effective Date
10-Jun-2003

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ASTM D6868-03 - Standard Specification for Biodegradable Plastics Used as Coatings on Paper and Other Compostable SubstratesASTM D6868-03 - Standard Specification for Biodegradable Plastics Used as Coatings on Paper and Other Compostable Substrates
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ASTM D6868-03 - Standard Specification for Biodegradable Plastics Used as Coatings on Paper and Other Compostable Substrates
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6868 – 03
Standard Specification for
Biodegradable Plastics Used as Coatings on Paper and
Other Compostable Substrates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6868; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5338 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Biodegrada-
tion of Plastic Materials Under Controlled Composting
1.1 This specification covers biodegradable plastics and
Conditions
products (including packaging), where plastic film or sheet is
D6002 Guide forAssessing the Compostability of Environ-
attached (either through lamination or extrusion directly onto
mentally Degradable Plastics
the paper) to substrates and the entire product or package is
D6400 Specification for Compostable Plastics
designed to be composted in municipal and industrial aerobic
2.2 Organization for Economic Development (OECD)
composting facilities.
Standard:
1.2 This specification is intended to establish the require-
OECD Guideline 208 Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test
ments for labeling of materials and products, including pack-
2.3 Comite Europeen de Normalisation (CEN):
aging, using coatings of biodegradable plastics, as “com-
EN 13432 Packaging-Requirements for Packaging Recov-
postable in municipal and industrial composting facilities.”
erable through Composting and Biodegradation-Test
1.3 The properties in this specification are those required to
Scheme and Evaluation Criteria for the Final Acceptance
determine if products (including packaging) using plastic films
of Packaging
or sheets will compost satisfactorily, including biodegrading at
2.4 ISO Standards:
a rate comparable to known compostable materials. Further,
ISO 14851 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biode-
the properties in the specification are required to assure that the
gradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium—
degradation of these materials will not diminish the value or
Method by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed
utility of the compost resulting from the composting process.
respirometer
1.4 This standard does not describe contents or their perfor-
ISO 14852 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biode-
mance with regard to compostability or biodegradability.
gradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium—
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test
Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide
methods portion of this standard: This standard does not
ISO 14855 Evaluation of the Ultimate Aerobic Biodegrad-
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated
ability and Disintegration of Plastics under Controlled
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard
Composting Conditions-Method by Analysis of Evolved
to establish appropriate health and safety practices and to
Carbon Dioxide
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
ISO 16929 Determination of the degree of disintegration of
use.
plastic materials under defined composting conditions in a
NOTE 1—No equivalent ISO specifications exist for this standard.
pilot-scale test
2.5 Government Standard:
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.96 on Environmen-
tally Degradable Plastics.
Current edition approved June 10, 2003. PublishedAugust 2003. DOI: 10.1520/
D6868-03.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Organization for Economic Development, Director of Informa-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM tion, 2 rue Andre Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6868 – 03
40 CFR Part 503.13 Standards for the Use or Disposal of labeling as “compostable” in accordance with the guidelines
5 6
Sewage Sludge issued by the Federal Trade Commission.
3. Terminology
5. Basic Requirements
3.1 Definitions: Definitions-Definitions appearing in this
5.1 In order to compost satisfactorily, a product or material
specification are found in Terminology D883, unless otherwise
must demonstrate each of the characteristics found in 5.1.1-
noted.
5.1.3, and which are quantified in Section 6.
3.1.1 biodegradable plastic—a degradable plastic in which
5.1.1 Disintegration During Composting—A product or
the degradation results from the action of naturally occurring
material will disintegrate during composting such that any
microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae.
remaining residuals (plastic or substrate) are not readily
3.1.2 compostable plastic—a plastic that undergoes degra-
distinguishable from the other organic materials in the finished
dationbybiologicalprocessesduringcompostingtoyieldCO ,
product. Additionally, the material or product must not be
water, inorganic compounds, and biomass at a rate consistent
found in significant quantities during screening prior to final
with other known compostable materials and leave no visible,
distribution of the compost.
distinguishable or toxic residue.
5.1.2 Inherent Biodegradation—Alevel of inherent biodeg-
3.1.3 composting—a managed process that controls the
radation for the plastic coatings shall be established by tests
biological decomposition and transformation of biodegradable
under controlled conditions, that are comparable to known
materials into a humus-like substance called compost: the
compostable materials.
aerobic mesophilic and thermophilic degradation of organic
5.1.3 No Adverse Impacts on Ability of Compost to Support
matter to make compost; the transformation of biologically
Plant Growth—After incorporation with soils, the tested prod-
decomposable material through a controlled process of biooxi-
ucts or materials shall not adversely impact on the ability of
dation that proceed through mesophilic and thermophilic
composts to support plant growth, when compared to composts
phases and results in the production of carbon dioxide, water,
derived from biowaste without any addition of test or reference
minerals, and stabilized organic matter (compost or humus).
materials. Additionally, the polymeric products or other mate-
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Com
...

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This specification establishes the requirements for labelling of materials and products (including packaging), wherein a biodegradable plastic film or coating is attached (either through lamination or extrusion directly onto the paper) to compostable substrates and the entire product or package is designed to be composted in municipal and industrial aerobic composting facilities. This specification, however, does not describe the contents of the product or their performance with regards to compostability or biodegradability. In order to compost satisfactorily, the product must demonstrate each of the three characteristics as follows: (1) proper disintegration during composting; (2) adequate level of inherent biodegradation; and (3) no adverse impacts on the ability of composts to support plant growth.
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ASTM D5792-10(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Development of Data Quality Objectives

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Environmental data are often required for making regulatory and programmatic decisions. Decision makers must determine whether the levels of assurance associated with the data are sufficient in quality for their intended use.  
5.2 Data generation efforts involve three parts: development of DQOs and subsequent project plan(s) to meet the DQOs, implementation and oversight of the project plan(s), and assessment of the data quality to determine whether the DQOs were met.  
5.3 To determine the level of assurance necessary to support the decision, an iterative process must be used by decision makers, data collectors, and users. This practice emphasizes the iterative nature of the process of DQO development. Objectives may need to be reevaluated and modified as information related to the level of data quality is gained. This means that DQOs are the product of the DQO process and are subject to change as data are gathered and assessed.  
5.4 This practice defines the process of developing DQOs. Each step of the planning process is described.  
5.5 This practice emphasizes the importance of communication among those involved in developing DQOs, those planning and implementing the sampling and analysis aspects of environmental data generation activities, and those assessing data quality.  
5.6 The impacts of a successful DQO process on the project are as follows: (1) a consensus on the nature of the problem and the desired decision shared by all the decision makers, (2) data quality consistent with its intended use, (3) a more resource-efficient sampling and analysis design, (4) a planned approach to data collection and evaluation, (5) quantitative criteria for knowing when to stop sampling, and (6) known measure of risk for making an incorrect decision.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the process of development of data quality objectives (DQOs) for the acquisition of environmental data. Optimization of sampling and analysis design is a part of the DQO process. This practice describes the DQO process in detail. The various strategies for design optimization are too numerous to include in this practice. Many other documents outline alternatives for optimizing sampling and analysis design. Therefore, only an overview of design optimization is included. Some design aspects are included in the practice's examples for illustration purposes.  
1.2 DQO development is the first of three parts of data generation activities. The other two aspects are (1) implementation of the sampling and analysis strategies, see Guide D6311; and (2) data quality assessment, see Guide D6233.  
1.3 This guide should be used in concert with Practices D5283, D6250, and Guide D6044. Practice D5283 outlines the quality assurance (QA) processes specified during planning and used during implementation. Guide D6044 outlines a process by which a representative sample may be obtained from a population, identifies sources that can affect representativeness, and describes the attributes of a representative sample. Practice D6250 describes how a decision point can be calculated.  
1.4 Environmental data related to waste management activities include, but are not limited to, the results from the sampling and analyses of air, soil, water, biota, process or general waste samples, or any combinations thereof.  
1.5 The DQO process is a planning process and should be completed prior to sampling and analysis activities.  
1.6 This practice presents extensive requirements of management, designed to ensure high-quality environmental data. The words “must” and “shall” (requirements), “should” (recommendation), and “may” (optional), have been selected carefully to reflect the importance placed on many of the statements in this practice. The extent to which all requirements will be met remains a matter of technical judgment.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included ...

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ASTM D5681-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This terminology defines terms and specialized meanings of terms in the subject areas of waste and management of waste.  
3.2 This terminology is not intended for subjects other than waste and waste management. For terms applicable to other subject areas, the appropriate terminology standard(s) should be consulted. See the current edition of the Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions4 and the list of terminology standards cited therein.  
3.3 Standards relating to subcategories of waste or waste management may use terms defined more narrowly than those included here. The more specialized terminology standards relating to the applicable specific subcategory, or terms defined within individual standards, or both, should be consulted for the exact meaning intended within a given standard.  
3.4 The Thesaurus on Resource Recovery Terminology (Special Technical Publication (STP) 832)5 contains many terms and may be useful for those not listed in terminology standards. However, a definition in a standard terminology shall be considered governing when the term is used in the sense or meaning defined therein.  
3.5 Statistical terms are not defined in this terminology to the extent that the terms, when used regarding waste and management of waste, have the same meanings as in Practice E177 or Terminology E456.  
3.6 Regulatory terms are often developed by regulatory agencies for special regulatory purposes and may have technical content or meaning different from terms defined herein. When a regulatory term exists that differs in meaning from a term given here, the regulatory term should be considered to take precedence for regulatory matters.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology contains standard definitions of terms used in the general area of waste and waste management. It is intended to promote understanding by providing precise technical definitions of terms used in the standards developed by Committee D34 and its subcommittees.  
1.2 Terms used only within an individual standard, and having a meaning unique to that standard, may be defined or explained in the terminology section of that individual standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E3332-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Trash and/or Debris Capture Performance of Stormwater Control Measures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This standard, used in conjunction with a verification protocol can be used to gain certification for the purposes of the removal of trash and/or debris from stormwater runoff in order to meet regulatory and permit needs.
SCOPE
1.1 The scope of this standard is to provide test criteria for the evaluation of Stormwater Control Measures (SCM), especially Manufactured stormwater Treatment Devices (MTDs), for the removal of trash and/or debris greater than 5 mm in at least two dimensions in a laboratory setting. The use of this standard in conjunction with an appropriate verification program allows for the publication of verified reporting for use in gaining certification by Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJs).  
1.2 For the purpose of this method, a Trash Capture Device (TCD) is an SCM that has the capacity to capture and retain trash and or debris. This may be the primary objective of the device or it may be a secondary feature of a device designed primarily as a Hydrodynamic Separator (HDS) or a filter for capturing sediment particles. This protocol does not address the sediment removal of such devices.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except for methods to establish and report sediment concentration and particle size. It is convention to exclusively describe sediment concentration in mg/L and particle size in mm or μm, both of which are SI units. The SI units given in parentheses are mathematical conversions, which are provided for information purposes only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than inch-pound units shall not be regarded as non-conformance with this test method.  
1.4 Acceptance of test results attained according to this specification may be subject to specific requirements set by a Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP), a specific verification protocol, or AHJ. It is advised to review one or all of the above to ensure compliance  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E3073-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Development of Waste Management Plan for Construction, Deconstruction, or Demolition Projects

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 There are many reasons to implement a CWM plan. The focus of this guide is development of CWM plans that describe intended waste management methods and preconstruction and construction procedures to facilitate the optimal management of discarded materials.  
4.2 A CWM plan includes, but is not limited to, requirements for documentation of the types and amounts of material generated, final disposition of the materials, and supporting evidence or statements as to the disposition (see 3.2.2).  
4.3 The users of this guide can include contractors, architects, engineers, building owners or their representatives, consultants, and government agencies, all of whom may have an interest in reducing construction site waste.  
4.4 Project teams should ensure they use recycling facilities (see 3.2.3) to recycle materials generated in their construction, deconstruction, or demolition projects.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to facilitate development of a waste management plan for construction, deconstruction, or demolition projects (hereafter, construction waste management (CWM) plan).  
1.2 This guide applies to CWM plans developed for construction, renovation, deconstruction, and demolition of buildings, factories, parking structures, and any other structure, as well as above- and below-ground infrastructure.  
1.3 This guide includes CWM plan guidance for the wastes generated on-site during construction, deconstruction, and demolition projects.
Note 1: For example, included is any waste generated during these activities such as structural and finish materials and construction chemicals; construction product and materials packaging; construction office waste, including paper documents; wastes from site development work, such as excavated soils, rocks, vegetation, and stumps; and other ancillary items, such as broken tools, safety materials/personal protective equipment, and food and beverages and their packaging. The list of items above is offered for illustration purposes only; it is not intended to be fully inclusive of all materials from a construction, deconstruction, or demolition project that are suitable for reuse, repurposing, manufacturer reclamation, composting, or recycling.  
1.4 Waste generated in the manufacture, preparation, or fabrication of materials before delivery to the job site are not in the scope of this guide.  
1.5 This guide does not change or substitute for any federal, state, or local statutory or regulatory provisions or requirements including, but not limited to, those related to the handling, control, containment, transport, or disposition of any particular material.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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