13.060.99 - Other standards related to water quality
ICS 13.060.99 Details
Other standards related to water quality
Weitere Aspekte der Wasserbeschaffenheit
Autres normes relatives a la qualité de l'eau
Drugi standardi v zvezi s kakovostjo vode
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This document specifies a method to identify and compare the compositional characteristics of oil
samples. Specifically, it describes the detailed analytical and data processing methods for identifying the
characteristics of spill samples and establishing their correlation to suspected source oils. Even when
samples or data from suspected sources are not available for comparison, establishing the specific nature
(e.g. refined petroleum, crude oil, waste oil, etc.) of the spilled oil still helps to constrain the possible
source(s).
This methodology is restricted to petroleum related products containing a significant proportion of
hydrocarbon-components with a boiling point above 150 °C. Examples are: crude oils, higher boiling
condensates, diesel oils, residual bunker or heavy fuel oils, lubricants, and mixtures of bilge and sludge
samples, as well as distillate fuels and blends. While the specific analytical methods are perhaps not
appropriate for lower boiling oils (e.g. kerosene, jet fuel, or gasoline), the general concepts described in
this methodology, i.e. statistical comparison of weathering-resistant diagnostic ratios, are applicable in
spills involving these kinds of oils.
Paraffin products (e.g. waxes, etc.) are outside the scope of this method because too many compounds
are removed during the production process [37] to correctly distinguish them from each other. However,
the method can be used to identify the type of product involved.
Although not directly intended for identifying oil recovered from groundwater, vegetation,
wildlife/tissues, soil, or sediment matrices, they are not precluded. However, caution is needed as
extractable compounds can be present in these matrices that alter and/or contribute additional
compounds compared to the source sample. If unrecognized, the contribution from the matrix can lead
to false “non-matches”. It is therefore advisable to analyse background sample(s) of the matrix that
appear unoiled.
When analysing “non-oil” matrices additional sample preparation (e.g. clean-up) is often required prior
to analysis and the extent to which the matrix affects the correlation achieved is to be considered.
Whether the method is applicable for a specific matrix depends upon the oil concentration compared to
the “matrix concentration”. In matrices containing high concentrations of oil, a positive match can still be
concluded. In matrices containing lower concentrations of oil, a false “non-match” or an “inconclusive
match” can result from matrix effects. Evaluation of possible matrix effects is beyond the scope of this
document.
- Standard219 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
EN 15522-1 provides guidance on taking and handling samples, that are collected as part of an investigation into the likely source of a crude oil or petroleum product spill into a marine or aquatic environment. Guidance is given on taking samples from both the spill and its potential source.
Mostly, oil sampling is part of legal procedures and has to be treated like any other preservation of evidence (legal sampling). If samples are to be used in connection with legal proceedings, this document should be read in conjunction with any documents issued by the regulatory authorities in the country or countries in question where the spill has occurred.
Taking samples may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment.
This document is not intended to address all the safety and health aspects associated with the guidance given. It is the responsibility of the user to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note: Most countries have special trained teams to take samples on board of ships. As police officer or law enforcer don’t take unnecessary risks and ask assistance from such a team when available.
For the sake of clarity, the word ‘oil’ is used throughout this document. It can equally refer to crude oil, a petroleum product or mixtures of such.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies water quality used for water injection in internal combustion engines. This document defines quality requirements for injection water including instructions for storage, container materials and production. Testing procedures are also defined.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies standardized methods for assessing the efficiency and related metrics of fish passage solutions using telemetry techniques that allow individual fish approaching an impediment to be monitored.
It covers studies using fish that have been electronically tagged with acoustic, passive integrated transponder or radio tags in order to provide a variety of defined passage efficiency metrics and includes both upstream and downstream passage of fish.
It provides recommendations and requirements for equipment, study design, data analysis and reporting. Selected literature with references in support of this document is given in the Bibliography.
- Standard46 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides guidance for assessing the efficiency and related metrics of fish passage solutions using telemetry methods that allow fish approaching an impediment to be monitored.
It provides recommendations and requirements for equipment, study design, data analysis and reporting. A selected literature with references in support of this standard is given in the Bibliography section.
- Standard46 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines standard principles for the design of taxonomic keys to ensure proper use of nomenclatural rules and reproducible and traceable identification. These principles also allow for the selection of the best key available.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This International Standard describes the preparation of four types of water of different hardness, conductivity and alkalinity, intended to be used for testing the performance of household appliances such as washing machines, dishwashers, tumble dryers, steam irons etc. It defines the characteristics of these waters and establishes various methods to be used for obtaining them. It also includes specifications for required measurements.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
TC - Replace Equation A.2 (E+F)
- Corrigendum2 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This standard deals with installations for the separation of light liquids (e.g. oil and petrol), i.e. those with a density up to 0.95 g/cm3 from waste water by means of gravity and/or coalescence. The standard is not primarily intended to apply to installations that are required to treat large quantities of trade effluent (e.g., oil refinery effluent). The standard may, however, still be appropriate for this purpose depending on local requirements.
- Amendment17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
TC - Replace Equation A.2 (E+F)
- Corrigendum2 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This standard deals with installations for the separation of light liquids (e.g. oil and petrol), i.e. those with a density up to 0.95 g/cm3 from waste water by means of gravity and/or coalescence. The standard is not primarily intended to apply to installations that are required to treat large quantities of trade effluent (e.g., oil refinery effluent). The standard may, however, still be appropriate for this purpose depending on local requirements.
- Amendment17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies definitions, nominal sizes, principles of design, performance requirements, marking, testing and quality control for grease separators.
This standard applies to separators for the separation of greases and oils of vegetable and animal origin from wastewater by means of gravity and without any external energy.
This standard does not cover grease separators intended to treat domestic wastewater from kitchen areas of single family dwellings, where the separator has a nominal size less than 1.
The standard is not applicable for the separation of light liquids, e.g. petrol, fuel and heating oil, and does not cover the treatment of wastewater exclusively containing stable emulsions of greases and oils.
The standard does not cover the use of biological means (bacteria and enzymes).
- Standard50 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies definitions, nominal sizes, principles of design, performance requirements, marking, testing and quality control for grease separators.
This standard applies to separators for the separation of greases and oils of vegetable and animal origin from wastewater by means of gravity and without any external energy.
This standard does not cover grease separators intended to treat domestic wastewater from kitchen areas of single family dwellings, where the separator has a nominal size less than 1.
The standard is not applicable for the separation of light liquids, e.g. petrol, fuel and heating oil, and does not cover the treatment of wastewater exclusively containing stable emulsions of greases and oils.
The standard does not cover the use of biological means (bacteria and enzymes).
- Standard50 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies definitions, principles of sizing, installation, operation and maintenance of separator systems for light liquids in accordance with prEN 858-1:1997 as well as requirements and test methods for cleansing agents discharged with the waste water into the separator system. When pollution control requires the treatment of pollutants other than light liquids, additional measures shall be necessary.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies definitions, principles of sizing, installation, operation and maintenance of separator systems for light liquids in accordance with prEN 858-1:1997 as well as requirements and test methods for cleansing agents discharged with the waste water into the separator system. When pollution control requires the treatment of pollutants other than light liquids, additional measures shall be necessary.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This standard deals with installations for the separation of light liquides (e.g. oil and petrol), i.e. those with a density up to 0.95 g/cm3 from waste water by means of gravity and/or coalescence. The standard is not primarily intended to apply to installations that are required to treat large quantities of trade effluent (e.g., oil refinery effluent). The standard may, however, still be appropriate for this purpose depending on local requirements.
- Standard48 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This standard deals with installations for the separation of light liquides (e.g. oil and petrol), i.e. those with a density up to 0.95 g/cm3 from waste water by means of gravity and/or coalescence. The standard is not primarily intended to apply to installations that are required to treat large quantities of trade effluent (e.g., oil refinery effluent). The standard may, however, still be appropriate for this purpose depending on local requirements.
- Standard48 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document concerns the restoration of rivers, including their channels, riparian zones, and floodplains. The word ‘river’ is used as a generic term to describe permanently flowing and intermittent watercourses of all sizes, with the exception of artificial water bodies such as canals. Some aspects of landscape restoration beyond the boundaries of what are often considered typical river processes are also considered. This document focuses on ‘nature-based solutions’, which are ‘actions to protect, sustainably manage and restore natural or modified ecosystems that address societal challenges effectively and adaptively, simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits’ (https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2016-036.pdf).
A clear framework of guiding principles to help inform the planning and implementation of river restoration work is provided. These principles are aimed both at individuals and organizations wishing to restore rivers, and stress the importance of monitoring and appraisal. This document makes reference to existing techniques and guidance, where these are appropriate and within the scope of this document.
This document provides guidance on:
— the core principles of restoration
— the aims and overall outcomes of river restoration
— the spectrum of typical approaches to river restoration (the ‘restoration mode’) with a focus on those that are nature-based and restore both physical and ecological aspects
— identifying opportunities for restoration and possible constraints, with a focus on physical and natural rather than socio-economic aspects
— the different scales of restoration and how restoration works across different catchments and landscapes
— the importance of monitoring and appraising restoration work across the range of approaches and scales.
- Draft45 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method to identify and compare the compositional characteristics of oil samples. Specifically, it describes the detailed analytical and data processing methods for identifying the characteristics of spill samples and establishing their correlation to suspected source oils. Even when samples or data from suspected sources are not available for comparison, establishing the specific nature (e.g. refined petroleum, crude oil, waste oil, etc.) of the spilled oil still helps to constrain the possible source(s).
This methodology is restricted to petroleum related products containing a significant proportion of hydrocarbon-components with a boiling point above 150 °C. Examples are: crude oils, higher boiling condensates, diesel oils, residual bunker or heavy fuel oils, lubricants, and mixtures of bilge and sludge samples, as well as distillate fuels and blends. While the specific analytical methods are perhaps not appropriate for lower boiling oils (e.g. kerosene, jet fuel, or gasoline), the general concepts described in this methodology, i.e. statistical comparison of weathering-resistant diagnostic ratios, are applicable in spills involving these kinds of oils.
Paraffin based products (e.g. waxes, etc.) are outside the scope of this method because too many compounds are removed during the production process [37]. However, the method can be used to identify the type of product involved.
Although not directly intended for identifying oil recovered from groundwater, vegetation, wildlife/tissues, soil, or sediment matrices, they are not precluded. However, caution is needed as extractable compounds can be present in these matrices that alter and/or contribute additional compounds compared to the source sample. If unrecognized, the contribution from the matrix can lead to false “non-matches”. It is therefore advisable to analyse background sample(s) of the matrix that appear unoiled.
When analysing “non-oil” matrices additional sample preparation (e.g. clean-up) is often required prior to analysis and the extent to which the matrix affects the correlation achieved is to be considered. Whether the method is applicable for a specific matrix depends upon the oil concentration compared to the “matrix concentration”. In matrices containing high concentrations of oil, a positive match can still be concluded. In matrices containing lower concentrations of oil, a false “non-match” or an “inconclusive match” can result from matrix effects. Evaluation of possible matrix effects is beyond the scope of this document.
- Draft8 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
River restoration may be defined as “the re-establishment of natural physical processes (e.g. variation of flow and sediment movement), features (e.g. sediment sizes and river shape) and physical habitats of a river system (including submerged, bank and floodplain areas)”. This definition, from the IUCN (NC UK) report on River Restoration and Biodiversity (Addy et al., 2016), will underpin the CEN standard. River restoration may be defined as “the re-establishment of natural physical processes (e.g. variation of flow and sediment movement), features (e.g. sediment sizes and river shape) and physical habitats of a river system (including submerged, bank and floodplain areas)”. This definition, from the IUCN (NC UK) report on River Restoration and Biodiversity (Addy et al., 2016), will underpin the CEN standard. The CEN standard on river hydromorphology (EN 14614: “Water quality – Guidance standard for accessing the hydromorphological features of rivers”) will provide the link to the approach approved for use under the WFD. (EN 14614 is at present subject to revision.) The scope of the standard should be broad, covering the varied reasons for undertaking river restoration, all spatial scales of restoration (river channels, riparian areas, floodplains, and set within a framework of catchment management), and those fields of study needed for planning and undertaking river restoration, such as hydrology, geomorphology, ecology and biology. The standard should address the benefits of river restoration for biodiversity, flood control, water quality, landscape, and human health and wellbeing, and should recognise the emphasis on ‘natural capital’ and on ‘nature-based solutions’ that are currently being advocated by many European governments. The standard should be aspirational, showing what can be achieved in the absence of constraints, while at the same time recognising the limitations that may restrict the outcomes of river restoration. The standard will not attempt to be overly prescriptive, because of the many types of rivers and streams that occur throughout Europe, but it should specify a set of minimum standards that are needed if river restoration is to be successful. It will recognise where good practice already exists and seek to build on it.
- Draft45 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report (TR) describes a methodology to firstly identify the specific nature of oils spilled in marine, estuarine and aquatic environments and secondly compare the chemical composition of spilled oil or oily samples with that of suspected sources. Specifically, the TR describes the detailed analytical methods and data processing specifications for identifying the specific nature of waterborne oil spills and establishing their correlation to suspected sources. Even when samples or data from suspected sources are not available for comparison, establishing the specific nature (e.g., refined petroleum, crude oil, waste oil, etc.) of the spilled oil may still help constrain the possible source(s) of the spilled oil. This methodology is restricted to petroleum and petroleum products containing a significant proportion of hydrocarbon-components with a boiling point above 200°C. Examples are: crude oils, higher boiling condensates, diesel oils, residual bunker or heavy fuel oils, lubricants, and mixtures of bilge and sludge samples. While the specific analytical methods may not be appropriate for lower boiling oils (e.g. kerosenes, jet fuels, or gasoline), the general concepts described in this methodology, i.e., statistical comparison of weathering-resistant diagnostic ratios, may have applicability in spills involving lower boiling oils. This method is not directly intended for oil spills impacting groundwater, vegetation, wildlife/tissues, soils, or sediments, and although its application in these matrices is not precluded, it requires caution. The reason for caution is that the extractable compounds in these matrices may alter and/or contribute additional compounds compared to the source sample, which if left unrecognised, can lead to “false non-matches”. Including these “non-oil” matrices in this oil spill identification method may require additional sample preparation (e.g. cleanup) in the laboratory prior to analysis and consideration of the extent to which the matrix may affect the correlation achieved. Evaluating the possible effects in these matrices is beyond the scope of this guideline. Whether the method can be used for this kind of “non-oil” matrices may depend on the oil concentration compared to the “matrix concentration” of the samples. In “non-oil” matrices containing a relative high concentration of oil, a positive match can still be concluded. In “non-oil” matrices containing a relative low concentration of spilled oil, a non-match or an inconclusive match could be achieved due to matrix effects.
- Technical report138 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides guidance on taking and handling samples that are collected as part of an investigation into the likely source of a crude oil or petroleum product spill into a marine or aquatic environment. Guidance is given on taking samples from both the spill and its potential source.
If samples are to be used in connection with legal proceedings, this document should be read in conjunction with any documents issued by the regulatory authorities in the country and location where the spill has occurred.
Taking samples may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document is not intended to address all the safety and health aspects associated with the guidance given. It is the responsibility of the user to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For the sake of clarity the word ‘oil’ is used throughout this document to mean either crude oil, a petroleum product or mixtures of such.
- Technical report23 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Describes the preparation of three types of water of differend hardness for testing the performance of household appliances (e.g. washing machines, dishwashers, dryers, steam irons, etc). It defines the characteristics of these waters and gives various methods for obtaining them.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report (TR) describes a methodology to identify waterborne oils spilled in marine, estuarine and aquatic environments by comparing samples from spills with those of suspected sources . It provides detailed analytical and processing specifications for identifying waterborne oil spills and their correlation to suspected sources. When suspected sources are not available, the methodology may be used to characterise the spill as far as possible with respect to the oil type.
This methodology is restricted to petroleum and petroleum products containing a significant proportion of
HC-components with a boiling point above 200 °C. Examples are: Crude oils, condensates, light fuel oils, diesel oils, residual bunker oils, lubricants, and mixtures of bilge and sludge samples. Still, the general concepts described in this methodology have a limited applicability for some kerosenes and some condensates, but may not be applicable for gasoline
NOTE This method is not intended for oil spills to groundwater and soil. The chromatograms of oil extracted from soil and found in ground water may contain reduced and/or additional peaks compared to the source sample. Including such samples in this method makes it necessary to add extraction methods and to describe which compounds are possibly reduced and/or which additional peaks can be expected to change the final conclusion from a probable match into a match. This is beyond the scope of this guideline, however, when case samples completely match according to this method, the method is valid for those samples.
- Technical report109 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Applies to hard water to be used for testing the performance of some household electrical appliances such as washing machines, steam irons, etc. Defines the characteristics of this hard water and establishes the method to be used for obtaining it.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day