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ASTM E535-00

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards

Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards

SCOPE
1.1 This practice is a supplement to the Form and Style for ASTM Standards ,  which shall be consulted in writing all ASTM standards.
1.2 This practice contains directly or by reference all of the information required to comply with the Policy on Fire Standards and the additional guidelines recommended by Committee E-5.
1.3 This practice, intended for the assistance of ASTM Committees, establishes guidelines and criteria for the preparation of fire-test-response standards (that is, standards for response to fire tests).

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Feb-2000
ICS
13.220.01 - Protection against fire in general
Technical Committee
E05 - Fire Standards
Drafting Committee
E05.31 - Terminology and Services / Functions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E535-00e1 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM E176-21ae1 - Standard Terminology of Fire Standards
Effective Date
10-Feb-2000
Referred By
ASTM E2102-21 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Mass Loss and Ignitability for Screening Purposes Using a Conical Radiant Heater
Effective Date
10-Feb-2000
Referred By
ASTM E800-20 - Standard Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires
Effective Date
10-Feb-2000
Referred By
ASTM E1549/E1549M-13(2022) - Standard Specification for ESD Controlled Garments Required in Cleanrooms and Controlled Environments for Spacecraft for Non-Hazardous and Hazardous Operations
Effective Date
10-Feb-2000

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ASTM E535-00 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: E 535 – 00
Standard Practice for
1
Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 535; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This standard has been developed to assist ASTM Committees in the writing of fire-test-response
standards that comply with the ASTM policy on fire standards (see Annex A1).
The policy on fire standards describes the types of ASTM fire standards and their required caveats.
Committee E-5 has the responsibility of helping other committees developing fire standards by
providing the information and assistance required by all committees for writing standards which
contain testing procedures for the response of materials, products, or assemblies to fire. Committee
E-5 has developed a checklist for review of ASTM fire-test-response standards for conformity to the
ASTM policy on fire standards in order to help in evaluating ASTM fire-test response standards for
compliance with the policy. A commentary accompanies the checklist. See Annex A2.
Fire-test-response standards are standards for, or based on, one or more fire-test-response
characteristics. A fire-test-response characteristic provides a means of measuring the response of
materials, products, or assemblies to a prescribed source of heat alone or to one of heat and flame
under controlled test conditions.
1. Scope E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
4
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This practice is a supplement to Form and Style for
2
ASTM Standards , which shall be consulted in writing all
3. Terminology
ASTM standards.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
1.2 This practice contains, directly or by reference, all of the
tice, refer to Terminology E 176.
information required to comply with the policy on fire stan-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
dards and the additional guidelines recommended by Commit-
3.2.1 fire-test-response characteristic, n—a response char-
tee E-5.
acteristic of a material, product, or assembly, to a prescribed
1.3 This practice, intended to assist ASTM Committees,
source of heat or flame, under controlled fire conditions; such
establishes guidelines and criteria for the preparation of fire-
response characteristics may include but are not limited to ease
test-response standards (that is, standards for response to heat
of ignition, flame spread, mass loss, smoke generation, fire
or flame under prescribed conditions).
endurance, and toxic potency of smoke.
2. Referenced Documents 3.2.1.1 Discussion—A fire-test-response characteristic can
be influenced by variable of exposure such as ignition source
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3 intensity, ventilation, geometry of item or enclosure, humidity
E 176 Terminology Relating to Fire Standards
4
or oxygen concentration. It is not an intrinsic property such as
E 456 Terminology Relating to Statistics
specific heat, thermal conductivity, or heat of combustion,
where the value is independent of test variables. A fire-test-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-5 on Fire response characteristic may be described in one of several
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.31 on Terminology
terms. Smoke generation, for example, may be described as
and Editorial.
smoke opacity, change of opacity with time, or smoke weight.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2000. Published May 2000. Originally
No quantitative correlation need exist between values of a
published as E 535 – 75. Last previous edition E 535 – 99.
2
Available on request from ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
fire-test-response characteristic for different materials, prod-
Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959.
ucts, or assemblies, as measured by different methods or tested
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07
4 under different sets of conditions for a given method.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 014.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E 535
4. Significance and Use 5.5.1.9 Identify the system of units of measurement applied
within the standard and to be used in referee decisions;
4.1 This standard is to be used by those concerned with the
parenthetical measures in a different system of units are
development of fire-test-response standards.
permitted when identified to be for information only.
4.2 The resultant fire-test-response standards are intended to
5.5.2 Th
...

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ASTM E535-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard is to be used by those concerned with the development of fire-test-response standards.  
4.2 The resultant fire-test-response standards are intended to be useful in one or more of the following areas, among others: product development, quality control, product comparisons, screening, information to be used as part of a fire hazard or a fire risk assessment, and regulatory purposes.  
4.3 This practice is intended to be useful to users and developers of fire-test-response standards (Section 5) because it provides much of the general rationale for the development and use of such standards.  
4.4 This practice is not intended to provide guidance for the preparation of fire hazard assessment standards or fire risk assessment standards.  
4.5 This practice is not intended to provide guidance for the preparation of standards not related to fire-test responses of materials, products or assemblies.
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1.1 This practice is a supplement to Form and Style for ASTM Standards,2 which shall be consulted in writing all ASTM standards.  
1.2 This practice contains, directly or by reference, all of the information required to comply with the policy on fire standards and the additional guidelines recommended by Committee E05.  
1.3 This practice, intended to assist ASTM Committees, establishes guidelines and criteria for the preparation of fire-test-response standards (that is, standards for response to heat or flame under prescribed conditions).  
1.4 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
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ASTM E1355-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire Models

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The process of model evaluation is critical to establishing both the acceptable uses and limitations of fire models. It is not possible to evaluate a model in total; instead, this guide is intended to provide a methodology for evaluating the predictive capabilities for a specific use. Validation for one application or scenario does not imply validation for different scenarios. Several alternatives are provided for performing the evaluation process including: comparison of predictions against standard fire tests, full-scale fire experiments, field experience, published literature, or previously evaluated models.  
5.2 The use of fire models currently extends beyond the fire research laboratory and into the engineering, fire service and legal communities. Sufficient evaluation of fire models is necessary to ensure that those using the models can judge the adequacy of the scientific and technical basis for the models, select models appropriate for a desired use, and understand the level of confidence which can be placed on the results predicted by the models. Adequate evaluation will help prevent the unintentional misuse of fire models.  
5.3 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with other guides under development by Committee E05. It is intended for use by:  
5.3.1 Model Developers—To document the usefulness of a particular calculation method perhaps for specific applications. Part of model development includes identification of precision and limits of applicability, and independent testing.  
5.3.2 Model Users—To assure themselves that they are using an appropriate model for an application and that it provides adequate accuracy.  
5.3.3 Developers of Model Performance Codes—To be sure that they are incorporating valid calculation procedures into codes.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a methodology for evaluating the predictive capabilities of a fire model for a specific use. The intent is to cover the whole range of deterministic numerical models which might be used in evaluating the effects of fires in and on structures.  
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1.2.1 Defining the model and scenarios for which the evaluation is to be conducted,  
1.2.2 Verifying the appropriateness of the theoretical basis and assumptions used in the model,  
1.2.3 Verifying the mathematical and numerical robustness of the model, and  
1.2.4 Quantifying the uncertainty and accuracy of the model results in predicting of the course of events in similar fire scenarios.  
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ASTM E2653-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine Precision Estimates for a Test Method with Fewer Than Six Participating Laboratories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This practice is used when the number of participating laboratories or materials being tested, or both, in a precision study is less than the number specified by Practice E691. When possible, it is strongly recommended that a full Practice E691 standard protocol be followed to determine test method precision. Precision results produced by the procedures presented in this standard will not have the same degree of accuracy as results generated by a full Practice E691 protocol. This procedure will allow for the development of useful precision results when a full complement of laboratories is not available for interlaboratory testing.  
5.2 This practice is based on recommendations for interlaboratory studies and data analysis presented in Practice E691. This practice does not concern itself with the development of test methods but with a standard means for gathering information and treating the data needed for developing a precision statement for a test method when a complete Practice E691 interlaboratory study and data analysis are not possible.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the techniques for planning, conducting, analyzing, and treating results of an interlaboratory study (ILS) for estimating the precision of a test method when fewer than six laboratories are available to meet the recommended minimum requirements of Practice E691. Data obtained from an interlaboratory study are useful in identifying variables that require modifications for improving test method performance and precision.  
1.2 Precision estimates developed using this practice will not be statistically equivalent to precision estimates produced by Practice E691 because a small number of laboratories are used. The smaller number of participating laboratories will seriously reduce the value of precision estimates reported by this practice. However, under circumstances where only a limited number of laboratories are available to participate in an ILS, precision estimates developed by this practice will provide the user with useful information concerning precision for a test method.  
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5.1 These test methods are intended to provide a basis for evaluating the time period during which a beam, girder, column, or similar structural assembly, or a nonbearing wall, will continue to perform its intended function when subjected to a controlled, standardized fire exposure.  
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4.1 This guide is intended for use by those undertaking the development of fire-hazard-assessment standards. Such standards are expected to be useful to manufacturers, architects, specification writers, and authorities having jurisdiction.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Because of the loss of life in fires from inhalation of fire gases, much attention has been focused on the analyses of these species. Analysis has involved several new or modified methods, since common analytical techniques have often proven to be inappropriate for the combinations of various gases and low concentrations existing in fire gas mixtures.  
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4.2.2 That transfer and pretreatment of samples occur without loss, or with known efficiency, and  
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SCOPE
1.1 Analytical methods for the measurement of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen halides, hydrogen cyanide, aldehydes, and hydrocarbons are described, along with sampling considerations. Many of these gases may be present in any fire environment. Several analytical techniques are described for each gaseous species, together with advantages and disadvantages of each. The test environment, sampling constraints, analytical range, and accuracy often dictate use of one analytical method over another.  
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SCOPE
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Standard Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard is to be used by those concerned with the development of fire-test-response standards.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice is a supplement to Form and Style for ASTM Standards,2 which shall be consulted in writing all ASTM standards.  
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The process of model evaluation is critical to establishing both the acceptable uses and limitations of fire models. It is not possible to evaluate a model in total; instead, this guide is intended to provide a methodology for evaluating the predictive capabilities for a specific use. Validation for one application or scenario does not imply validation for different scenarios. Several alternatives are provided for performing the evaluation process including: comparison of predictions against standard fire tests, full-scale fire experiments, field experience, published literature, or previously evaluated models.  
5.2 The use of fire models currently extends beyond the fire research laboratory and into the engineering, fire service and legal communities. Sufficient evaluation of fire models is necessary to ensure that those using the models can judge the adequacy of the scientific and technical basis for the models, select models appropriate for a desired use, and understand the level of confidence which can be placed on the results predicted by the models. Adequate evaluation will help prevent the unintentional misuse of fire models.  
5.3 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with other guides under development by Committee E05. It is intended for use by:  
5.3.1 Model Developers—To document the usefulness of a particular calculation method perhaps for specific applications. Part of model development includes identification of precision and limits of applicability, and independent testing.  
5.3.2 Model Users—To assure themselves that they are using an appropriate model for an application and that it provides adequate accuracy.  
5.3.3 Developers of Model Performance Codes—To be sure that they are incorporating valid calculation procedures into codes.  
5.3.4 Approving Officials—To ensure that the results of calculations using mathematical models stating conformance to this guide, cited in a submission, show clearly that the model is used withi...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a methodology for evaluating the predictive capabilities of a fire model for a specific use. The intent is to cover the whole range of deterministic numerical models which might be used in evaluating the effects of fires in and on structures.  
1.2 The methodology is presented in terms of four areas of evaluation:  
1.2.1 Defining the model and scenarios for which the evaluation is to be conducted,  
1.2.2 Verifying the appropriateness of the theoretical basis and assumptions used in the model,  
1.2.3 Verifying the mathematical and numerical robustness of the model, and  
1.2.4 Quantifying the uncertainty and accuracy of the model results in predicting of the course of events in similar fire scenarios.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
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  • Guide
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off