ASTM E1549/E1549M-13(2022)
(Specification)Standard Specification for ESD Controlled Garments Required in Cleanrooms and Controlled Environments for Spacecraft for Non-Hazardous and Hazardous Operations
Standard Specification for ESD Controlled Garments Required in Cleanrooms and Controlled Environments for Spacecraft for Non-Hazardous and Hazardous Operations
ABSTRACT
This document specifies special items of clothing (cleanroom garments) designed to protect aerospace products from electrostatic discharge and from contaminants released by personnel and garments. Special clothing includes low linting coveralls, footwear, and head covers. The function of cleanroom garments is to contain the contaminants generated by people and to minimize contaminants from the garments. Two types of fabrics can be selected for the garments. Both types are inherently static-dissipative materials to prevent electrical discharges that can damage sensitive hardware or initiate explosions in the presence of flammable vapors. The material specified for “hazardous environments” is flame resistant and provides additional protection to the wearer. Selection of garment design and fabric should be based on the user’s needs with respect to functional and environmental requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This document specifies special items of clothing (cleanroom garments) designed to protect aerospace products from electrostatic discharge and from contaminants released by personnel and garments. Special clothing includes low linting coveralls, footwear, and head covers.
1.2 The function of cleanroom garments is to contain the contaminants generated by people and to minimize contaminants from the garments.
1.3 Two types of fabrics can be selected for the garments. Both types are inherently static-dissipative materials to prevent electrical discharges that can damage sensitive hardware or initiate explosions in the presence of flammable vapors. The material specified for “hazardous environments” is flame resistant and provides additional protection to the wearer. Selection of garment design and fabric should be based on the user's needs with respect to functional and environmental requirements.
1.4 Additional background information can be found in SD-TR-91-26 and IEST-RP-CC003.3.
1.5 This standard is intended to be in compliance with the ASTM policy on Fire Standards.2 Flammability tests specified in this standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of fabrics in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fabrics under actual fire conditions. However, results of the tests may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of operations in controlled environment areas.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1549/E1549M −13 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Specification for
ESD Controlled Garments Required in Cleanrooms and
Controlled Environments for Spacecraft for Non-Hazardous
and Hazardous Operations
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE1549/E1549M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
1.1 This document specifies special items of clothing
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
(cleanroom garments) designed to protect aerospace products
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
fromelectrostaticdischargeandfromcontaminantsreleasedby
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
personnel and garments. Special clothing includes low linting
with the standard.
coveralls, footwear, and head covers.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2 The function of cleanroom garments is to contain the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
contaminants generated by people and to minimize contami-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
nants from the garments.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.3 Two types of fabrics can be selected for the garments.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Both types are inherently static-dissipative materials to prevent
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
electrical discharges that can damage sensitive hardware or
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
initiate explosions in the presence of flammable vapors. The
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
material specified for “hazardous environments” is flame
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
resistant and provides additional protection to the wearer.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Selection of garment design and fabric should be based on the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
user’s needs with respect to functional and environmental
requirements. 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.4 Additional background information can be found in
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
SD-TR-91-26 and IEST-RP-CC003.3.
D204 Test Methods for Sewing Threads
1.5 This standard is intended to be in compliance with the
D1683 Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of Woven
ASTM policy on Fire Standards. Flammability tests specified
Fabrics
in this standard should be used to measure and describe the
D1894 Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of
properties of fabrics in response to heat and flame under
Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting
controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to
D2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
describe or appraise the fabrics under actual fire conditions.
D5034 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
However, results of the tests may be used as elements of a fire
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors
D6193 Practice for Stitches and Seams
which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of
D737 Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
operations in controlled environment areas.
E96/E96M Test Methods for Gravimetric Determination of
Water Vapor Transmission Rate of Materials
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E21 on Space
E535 Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Stan-
Simulation andApplications of Space Technology and is the direct responsibility of
dards
Subcommittee E21.05 on Contamination.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E1549/
E1549M – 13(2016). DOI: 10.1520/E1549_E1549M-13R22. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ASTM Fire Standards and Related Technical Material; 7th Edition, June 2007, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ISBN13: 978-0-8031-5684-5, available on request from ASTM Headquarters, 100 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Barr Harbor Dr., PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428–2959. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1549/E1549M − 13 (2022)
E1560 Test Method for Gravimetric Determination of Non- IEST-RP-CC022.2 Electrostatic Charge in Cleanrooms and
volatile Residue From Cleanroom Wipers Other Controlled Environments
F51 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particulate Con- NFPA 70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace
taminant In and On Clean Room Garments
2.6 International Standards:
F739 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gases
ISO 14644-1 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled
Through Protective Clothing Materials Under Conditions
Environments, Classification of Air Cleanliness
of Continuous Contact
ISO 14644-2 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled
F1506 Performance Specification for Flame Resistant and
Environments-Specifications for testing and monitoring to
Electric Arc Rated Protective Clothing Worn by Workers
prove continued compliance with ISO 14644-1
Exposed to Flames and Electric Arcs
2.2 U.S. Federal Standards:
3. Terminology
CFR Title 16 Part 1610 Standard for the Flammability of
3.1 Terminology related to textiles is based on Terminology
Clothing Textiles
D123. Terminology related to fire safety is based on Terminol-
A-A 50195 Thread, Aramid
ogy E176.
FED-STD-209E Airborne Particulate Cleanliness Classes in
3.2 General Definitions:
Cleanrooms and Clean Zones
3.2.1 cleanroom, n—an area in which the airborne particle
2.3 U.S. Department of Defense:
concentrations, temperature, humidity, molecular species,
MIL-C-43122G Cloth, Sateen, Cotton, Flame Retardant
pressure, activities, and other environmental parameters are
Treated
controlled, as required, to produce acceptable products.
MIL-DTL-43685C Webbing and Tape, Textile, Aramid Fi-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The use of HEPA, or better, filters are
ber
usually required for the incoming air, and the maximum
MIL-STD-3010B Test Procedures for Packaging Materials
allowable airborne particle concentrations are specified in
SD-TR-89-63 Standard Methods for Measurement of Non-
volatile Residue on Surfaces, E. N. Borson, E. J.Watts, G. accordance with the ISO 14644 standards.
A. To; U.S. Air Force, Space Systems Division, 10 Aug.
3.2.2 electrostatic discharge, ESD, n—a high voltage elec-
trical discharge that occurs when electrical charges accumulate
SD-TR-91-26 Garment Selection for Cleanrooms and Con-
on or in materials as a result of friction between materials.
trolled Environments for Spacecraft, E. J. Watts, U.S. Air
3.2.3 fiber, n—a particle with a length to diameter ratio of
Force, Space Systems Division, 1 April 1991
ten or more. (See textile fibers.)
2.4 NASA:
3.2.4 gloss, n—a shiny or lustrous appearance resulting
KSC-SPEC-P-0016 Specification for Minimum Require-
fromthetendencyofasurfacetoreflectlightatoneanglemore
ments for Garment Snap Fastener
than at others.
KSC-MMA-1985-79, Revision 6, Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Triboelectric Charge Generation and Decay 3.2.5 HEPA (high effıciency particulate air) filter, n—a filter
for air with a removal efficiency in excess of 99.97 % for
NASA-STD-6001 Flammability, Offgassing, and Compat-
ibility Requirements and Test Procedures, Upward Flame 0.3-µm particles.
Propagation Test (Test 1)
3.2.6 NVR (nonvolatile residue), n—quantity of residual
2.5 Others:
soluble, suspended, and particulate matter remaining after the
ANSI/ESD S20.20 Standard For the Development of an
controlled evaporation of a volatile liquid at a specified
Electrostatic Discharge Control Program for Protection of
temperature.
Electrical and Electronic Parts, Assemblies and Equip-
3.2.6.1 Discussion—The liquid is usually filtered through a
ment (Excluding Electrically Initiated Explosive De-
membrane filter, of a specified size, before evaporation. The
vices)
process used to determine the NVR may affect the quantitative
ESD ADV1.0-2009 ESD Association Advisory for Electro-
measurement. Process factors include filter size, solvent, and
static Discharge Terminology, Glossary
the evaporation temperature and atmosphere. For this reason,
IEST-RP-CC-003.3 Garments Required In Cleanrooms And
the process must be defined.The NVR of fabrics is determined
Controlled Environment Areas
by extracting a specified quantity of fabric using a specified
solvent. The solvent is then evaporated to determine the NVR
4 extracted from the fabric. See extractable matter, 3.3.7, which
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Available from U.S. Natick Research Development and Engineering Center, is frequently used to describe NVR in fabrics.
Natick, MA 07160-5014.
3.2.7 particle, n—a solid or liquid object generally between
Reprints available from The Aerospace Corporation Library, P.O. Box 92957,
0.001 and 1000 µm (1 mm) in size.
El Segundo, CA 90009.
NASATechnical Standards Program Office, ED10, MSFC,AL, 35812; Online,
available: https://standards.nasa.gov/documents/ksc
NASATechnical Standards Program Office, ED10, MSFC,AL 35812; Online,
available: https://standards.nasa.gov/documents/nasa. Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
Available from Electrostatic Discharge Association 7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3, Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
Rome, NY 13440. AvailablefromAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI),25W.43rd.St.,
Available from the Institute of Environmental Sciences, 940 E. Northwest 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. These standards supersede FED-STD-209E. The
Highway, Mount Prospect, IL 60056. latter may still be used if mutually agreed to by customer and supplier.
E1549/E1549M − 13 (2022)
3.2.8 U.S. Customary Units System, USCS, n—The system 3.3.15 Nomex®, n—a synthetic aramid fiber manufactured
of units in common use in the United States. This is frequently by DuPont that meets the requirements of NASA Technical
called the “inch-pound system.” Standard, NASA-STD-6001, Test 1 for flame retardancy.
3.3.16 nylon, n—a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-
3.3 Fabric Definitions:
formingsubstanceisalongchainsyntheticpolyamideinwhich
3.3.1 count, n—in woven textiles, the number of warp yarns
less than 85 % of the amide linkages are attached directly to
(ends) and filling yarns (picks) per unit distance as counted
two aromatic rings.
while the fabric is held under zero tension and is free of folds
and wrinkles. 3.3.17 polyester, n—a manufactured fiber in which the
fiber-forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer
3.3.2 Dacron®, n—DuPont registered trademark for its
composedofatleast85 %byweightofanesterofasubstituted
polyester fiber.
aromatic carboxylic acid, including but not restricted to sub-
3.3.3 Delrin®, n—DuPont trade name for a crystalline form
stituted terephthalate units, and para-substituted hydroxy-
of polymerized formaldehyde.
benzoate units.
3.3.4 denier, n—a direct numbering system for expressing 3.3.18 porosity, n—the ratio of the volume of air or void
linear density, equal to the mass in grams per 9000 m of yarn,
contained within the boundaries of a material to the total
filament, fiber, or other textile strand. volume (solid matter plus air or void) expressed as a percent-
age.
3.3.5 drycleaning, n—cleaning fabrics in a substantially
3.3.19 selvage, n—the woven edge portion of a fabric
nonaqueous liquid medium.
parallel to the warp.
3.3.5.1 Discussion—Perchloroethylene is typically used.
3.3.20 sewn seam, n—a juncture of which two or more
3.3.6 end, n—an individual warp yarn (single or ply) or
planar structures such as textile fabrics, are joined by sewing,
cord.
usually near the edge.
3.3.7 extractable matter, n—nonfibrous material in or on a
3.3.21 static dissipative fabric, n—an inherently static con-
textile, not including water, which is removable by a specified
trolfabricwithsurfaceresistivitybetween10 ohmspersquare
solvent or solvents, as directed in a specified procedure. See
and not more than 10 ohms per square.
NVR, 3.2.6.
3.3.21.1 Discussion—The ESD Association defines the up-
3.3.8 textile fiber, n—
per limit for static dissipative materials as not more than 10
(1) general—a generic term for the various types of matter
ohms per square and the acceptable upper limit for static
11 14
that form the basic elements of textile fabrics and other textile
control garments as not more than 10 ohms per square.
structures.
3.3.22 stitch, n—in sewn seams,therepeatedunitformedby
(2) specific—a unit of matter that is characterized by
the sewing thread(s) in the production of seams.
having a length at least 100 times its diameter or width and
3.3.23 Teflon®, n—DuPont trade name for polytetrafluoro-
which can be spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by
ethylene (PTFE) polymer fiber. It is chemically resistant and
interlacing in a variety of methods, including knitting,
does not absorb moisture.
braiding, felting, and twisting.
3.3.24 twill weave, n—a weave characterized by diagonal
3.3.9 filament, n—a variety of fiber having extreme length,
lines produced by a series of floats staggered in the warp
not readily measured.
direction. Floats are normally formed by the filling (a filling-
3.3.9.1 Discussion—Synthetic fibers formed from man-
faced twill).
made and natural polymers are in this class.
3.3.25 warp, n—(1) the yarn running lengthwise in a woven
3.3.10 filling, n—yarn running from selvage to selvage at
fabric. (2) a group of yarns in long lengths and approximately
right angles to the warp in a woven fabric.
parallel, put on beams or warp reels for further textile process-
ing including weaving, knitting, twisting, dyeing, and so forth.
3.3.11 float, n—the portion of a warp or filling yarn that
extends unbound over two or more filling or warp yarns. 3.3.26 woven fabric, n—a structure produced when at least
twosetsofstrandsareinterlaced,usuallyatrightanglestoeach
3.3.12 foreign object debris (FOD), n—a substance, debris
other, according to a predet
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