ASTM D4659-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Specific Gravity of Isocyanates
Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Specific Gravity of Isocyanates
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods can be used for research or for quality control to characterize isocyanates used in polyurethane products.
4.2 A general test method for specific gravity using a digital density meter, which applies to isocyanates as well as other liquids is published in Test Method D4052.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the specific gravity of toluenediisocyanate, polymeric (methylene phenylisocyanate), and liquid methylene di(phenylisocyanate). These test methods also are applicable to many other liquids. (See Note 1.)
1.1.1 Test Method A—Specific gravity by pycnometer, for high-accuracy determination.
1.1.2 Test Method B—Specific gravity by hydrometer, for a less accurate, but rapid, determination.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D4659 −19
Standard Test Methods for
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Specific
1
Gravity of Isocyanates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4659; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4052Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
1.1 These test methods determine the specific gravity of
E100Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
toluenediisocyanate, polymeric (methylene phenylisocyanate),
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
andliquidmethylenedi(phenylisocyanate).Thesetestmethods
E202Test Methods for Analysis of Ethylene Glycols and
also are applicable to many other liquids. (See Note 1.)
Propylene Glycols
1.1.1 Test Method A—Specific gravity by pycnometer, for
E2251Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
high-accuracy determination.
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
1.1.2 Test Method B—Specific gravity by hydrometer, for a
E2935Practice for Conducting Equivalence Testing in
less accurate, but rapid, determination.
Laboratory Applications
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this standard are defined in
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
accordance with Terminology D883, unless otherwise speci-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
fied. For terms relating to precision and bias and associated
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
issues,thetermsusedinthisstandardaredefinedinaccordance
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
with Terminology E456.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
3.2.1 specific gravity—the ratio of the weight in air of a
given volume of the material at a stated temperature to the
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
weight in air of an equal volume of water at a stated
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the temperature. It shall be expressed as specific gravity, 25/25°C,
indicating that the sample and reference water were both
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical measured at 25°C.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 These test methods can be used for research or for
2
qualitycontroltocharacterizeisocyanatesusedinpolyurethane
2.1 ASTM Standards:
products.
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
D891TestMethodsforSpecificGravity,Apparent,ofLiquid
4.2 Ageneraltestmethodforspecificgravityusingadigital
Industrial Chemicals
density meter, which applies to isocyanates as well as other
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
liquids is published in Test Method D4052.
TEST METHOD A—SPECIFIC GRAVITY BY
1
PYCNOMETER
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular
Materials - Plastics and Elastomers.
5. Apparatus
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2019. Published August 2019. Originally
5.1 Pycnometer,of25or50-mLcapacity,conicalshapewith
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4659-14. DOI:
10.1520/D4659-19.
acapillarysidearmoverflowtubehavingastandard-taper5/12
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ground-glass joint and a ground-glass vented cap.Athermom-
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
etergraduatedfrom12to38°Cin0.2°divisionsattachedtothe
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. neck of the flask by a standard-taper 10/18 ground-glass joint.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4659−19
This thermometer is to be calibrated using the ASTM ther- 9.2 Fill the pycnometer with freshly boiled distilled water
mometer specified in 5.3. thathasbeencooledto22to24°C.Insertthethermometerinto
the pycnometer wi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4659 − 14 D4659 − 19
Standard Test Methods for
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Specific
1
Gravity of Isocyanates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4659; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods determine the specific gravity of toluenediisocyanate and crude methylene-bis-(4-phenylisocyanate).
toluenediisocyanate, polymeric (methylene phenylisocyanate), and liquid methylene di(phenylisocyanate). These test methods also
are applicable to many other liquids. (See Note 1.)
1.1.1 Test Method A—Specific gravity by pycnometer, for high-accuracy determination.
1.1.2 Test Method B—Specific gravity by hydrometer, for a less accurate, but rapid, determination.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning and precautionary statements see Section 7.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
E100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E202 Test Methods for Analysis of Ethylene Glycols and Propylene Glycols
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
E2935 Practice for Conducting Equivalence Testing in Laboratory Applications
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these test methods see Terms used in this standard are defined in accordance
with Terminology D883. , unless otherwise specified. For terms relating to precision and bias and associated issues, the terms used
in this standard are defined in accordance with Terminology E456.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 specific gravity—the ratio of the weight in air of a given volume of the material at a stated temperature to the weight in
air of an equal volume of water at a stated temperature. It shall be expressed as specific gravity, 25/25°C, indicating that the sample
and reference water were both measured at 25°C.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials -
Plastics and Elastomers.
Current edition approved March 1, 2014Aug. 1, 2019. Published March 2014August 2019. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
D4659 - 09.D4659 - 14. DOI: 10.1520/D4659-14.10.1520/D4659-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4659 − 19
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods can be used for research or for quality control to characterize isocyanates used in polyurethane products.
4.2 A general test method for specific gravity using a digital density meter, which applies to isocyanates as well as other liquids
is published in Test Method D4052.
TEST METHOD A—SPECIFIC GRAVITY BY PYCNOMETER
5. Apparatus
5.1
...
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