ASTM E100-15a

Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers

ABSTRACT
This specification covers glass hydrometers of various scale graduation systems, as required by the ASTM test methods in which they are used. Hydrometers shall be of the constant-mass, variable-displacement type. Hydrometers shall be made of glass, except for the scale, ballasting material, and the thermometric liquid of thermohydrometers. Material used for ballast shall be secured to the lower part of the body, and no loose material of any sort may be inside a hydrometer. The stem shall be uniform in cross section, with no perceptible irregularities. The preferred shapes for the bodies of hydrometers are presented. Graduation lines and inscriptions shall be in a permanent black marking material, such as India ink. All hydrometers shall be graduated to read correctly where the plane of the level liquid surface intersects the stem. The thermometer shall be of the mercury-in-glass type, unless otherwise specified. Hydrometers shall be inspected, tested, and standardized in accordance with the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers glass hydrometers of various scale graduation systems, as required by the ASTM Test Methods in which they are used.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2015
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• Technical Committee: E20 - Temperature Measurement
• Drafting Committee: E20.05 - Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E100-15 - Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D891-18 - Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C474-15(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Joint Treatment Materials for Gypsum Board Construction
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM F1321-21 - Standard Guide for Conducting a Stability Test (Lightweight Survey and Inclining Experiment) to Determine the Light Ship Displacement and Centers of Gravity of a Vessel
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM E126-19 - Standard Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verification of ASTM Hydrometers
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D5240/D5240M-20 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Using Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM E224-23 - Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Hydrochloric Acid
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C494/C494M-19e1 - Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM E2995-15a(2020) - Standard Specification for ASTM Thermohydrometers with Integral Low-Hazard Thermometers
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D4371/D4371M-06(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Washability Characteristics of Coal
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D4659-19 - Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Specific Gravity of Isocyanates
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D6822-12b(2017)e1 - Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Thermohydrometer Method
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C88/C88M-18 - Standard Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D3716-14(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Use of Emulsion Polymers in Floor Polishes
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D1122-22 - Standard Test Method for Relative Density of Engine Coolant Concentrates and Engine Coolants By The Hydrometer
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E100 −15a
Standard Specification for
1
ASTM Hydrometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E100; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification covers glass hydrometers of various
3.1 Definitions—The definitions given inTerminology E344
scale graduation systems, as required by the ASTM Test
apply.
Methods in which they are used.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 ledger paper, n—a paper characterized by strength,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
high tearing resistance, eraseability, water resistance, ink
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
receptivity, uniformity of surface, and smoothness.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Originally, ledger paper was used espe-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cially for pen and ink records. Most ledger papers are surface
sized, frequently subjected to appreciable wear, and shall have
2. Referenced Documents
a high degree of permanence and durability.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.2 length of the scale, n—length of the nominal range in
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
the stem, not including graduations extending above and below
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
the nominal limits.
D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables
3.2.3 relative density (formerly specific gravity), n—ratio of
D3290 Specification for Bond and Ledger Papers for Perma-
3
the mass of a given volume of material at a stated temperature
nent Records (Withdrawn 2010)
tothemassofanequalvolumeofgas-freedistilledwateratthe
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
same or different temperature. Both reference temperatures
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
shall be explicitly stated.
mometers
E126 Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verifica- 3.2.3.1 Discussion—Common reference temperatures in-
clude 60°F/60°F, 20°C/20°C, 20°C/4°C. The historic term
tion of ASTM Hydrometers
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom- specific gravity may still be found.
etry
3.2.4 specific gravity, n—an historic term, replaced by
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
relative density.
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
3.2.4.1 Discussion—hydrometers manufactured to this stan-
2.2
dard may be marked sp. gr., rel. density, or with both
ISO 1768:1975 Glass Hydrometers—Conventional Value
designations. The two terms are both equally acceptable in this
for the Thermal Cubic Expansion Coefficient (for Use in
standard and are used interchangeably.
the Preparation of Measurement Tables for Liquids)
3.2.5 thermohydrometer, n—glass hydrometer having an
integral thermometer.
3.2.6 top of the hydrometer, n—top of the finished instru-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on
Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.05 ment.
on Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers.
3.2.7 total length, n—overall length of the finished instru-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015. Published January 2016. Originally
approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E100 – 15. DOI: ment.
10.1520/E0100-15A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4. Specifications
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4.1 Individual hydrometers shall conform to the detailed
the ASTM website.
3
specifications in Table 1 and to the general requirements
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. specified in Sections5–15.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E100−15a
4.2 Hydrometers shall be subjected to the inspection criteria inside a hydrometer. When cement is used to hold the ballast
found in Section 16 and the standardization criteria found in securely in place, this cement shall not soften below 105°C
Section 17. (221°F).
4.3 Hydrometers manufactured to previous revisions of this 7.2 A solid material, such a shot, may be placed in a small
specification shall retain the same ASTM status as those
bulbbelowthemainbu
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E100 − 15 E100 − 15a
Standard Specification for
1
ASTM Hydrometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E100; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers glass hydrometers of various scale graduation systems, as required by the ASTM Test Methods in
which they are used.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables
3
D3290 Specification for Bond and Ledger Papers for Permanent Records (Withdrawn 2010)
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
E126 Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verification of ASTM Hydrometers
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
2.2
ISO 1768:1975 Glass Hydrometers—Conventional Value for the Thermal Cubic Expansion Coefficient (for Use in the
Preparation of Measurement Tables for Liquids)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions given in Terminology E344 apply.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 ledger paper, n—a paper characterized by strength, high tearing resistance, eraseability, water resistance, ink receptivity,
uniformity of surface, and smoothness.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.05 on
Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2015Dec. 1, 2015. Published August 2015January 2016. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 as
E100 – 14.E100 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/E0100-15.10.1520/E0100-15A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
Originally, ledger paper was used especially for pen and ink records. Most ledger papers are surface sized, frequently subjected
to appreciable wear, and shall have a high degree of permanence and durability.
3.2.2 length of the scale, n—length of the nominal range in the stem, not including graduations extending above and below the
nominal limits.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E100 − 15a
3.2.3 relative density (formerly specific gravity), n—ratio of the mass of a given volume of material at a stated temperature to
the mass of an equal volume of gas-free distilled water at the same or different temperature. Both reference temperatures shall be
explicitly stated.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—
Common reference temperatures include 60°F/60°F, 20°C/20°C, 20°C/4°C. The historic term specific gravity may still be found.
3.2.4 specific gravity, n—an historic term, replaced by relative density.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—
hydrometers manufactured to this standard may be marked sp. gr., rel. density, or with both designations. The two terms are both
equally acceptable in this standard and are used interchangeably.
3.2.5 thermohydrometer, n—glass hydrometer having an integral thermometer.
3.2.6 top of the hydrometer, n—top of the finished instrument.
3.2.7 total length, n—overall length of the finished instrument.
4. Specifications
4.1 Individual hydrometers shall conform to the detailed specifications in Table 1 and to the general requirements specified in
Sections 5 – 15.
4.2 Hydrometers shall be subjected to the inspection criteria found in Section 16 and the standardization criteria fo
...