ASTM D5961/D5961M-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
Standard Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is designed to produce bearing response data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. The standard configuration for each procedure is very specific and is intended primarily for development of quantitative double- and single-shear bearing response data for material comparison and structural design. Procedures A and D, the double-shear configurations, with a single fastener loaded in shear and reacted by laminate tension or compression, are particularly recommended for basic material evaluation and comparison. Procedures B and C, the single-shear, single- or double-fastener configurations are more useful in evaluation of specific joint configurations, including fastener failure modes. The Procedure B specimen may be tested in either an unstabilized (no support fixture) or stabilized configuration. The unstabilized configuration is intended for tensile loading and the stabilized configuration is intended for compressive loading (although tensile loading is permitted). The Procedure C specimen is particularly well-suited for development of countersunk-fastener bearing strength data where a near-double-shear fastener rotational stiffness is desired. These Procedure B and C configurations have been extensively used in the development of design allowables data.
It is important to note that these four procedures, using the standard test configurations, will generally result in bearing strength mean values that are not of the same statistical population, and thus not in any way a “basic material property.”
Note 2—Typically, Procedure D will yield slightly higher strengths than Procedure A (due to the finite edge distance, e, in Procedure A); while Procedure C will yield significantly higher strengths than Procedure B (due to the larger fastener rotation and higher peak bearing stress in Procedure B). For protruding head fasteners, Procedure D will typically yield somewhat higher resu...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the bearing response of pinned or fastened joints using multi-directional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers by double-shear tensile loading (Procedure A), single-shear tensile or compressive loading of a two-piece specimen (Procedure B), single-shear tensile loading of a one-piece specimen (Procedure C), or double-shear compressive loading (Procedure D). Standard specimen configurations using fixed values of test parameters are described for each procedure. However, when fully documented in the test report, a number of test parameters may be optionally varied. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.
1.2 This test method is consistent with the recommendations of MIL-HDBK-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a bearing response test method.
1.3 The multi-fastener test configurations described in this test method are similar to those used by industry to investigate the bypass portion of the bearing bypass interaction response for bolted joints, where the specimen may produce either a bearing failure mode or a bypass failure mode. Note that the scope of this test method is limited to bearing and fastener failure modes. Use Test Method D 7248/D 7248M for by-pass testing.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the s...
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Designation:D5961/D5961M–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5961/D5961M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers the bearing response of pinned
or fastened joints using multi-directional polymer matrix
2. Referenced Documents
composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers by
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
double-sheartensileloading(ProcedureA),single-sheartensile
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
or compressive loading of a two-piece specimen (Procedure
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
B), single-shear tensile loading of a one-piece specimen
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
(Procedure C), or double-shear compressive loading (Proce-
D953 Test Method for Bearing Strength of Plastics
dure D). Standard specimen configurations using fixed values
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
of test parameters are described for each procedure. However,
Resins
when fully documented in the test report, a number of test
D2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plas-
parameters may be optionally varied. The composite material
tics
forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
(tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the
Materials
laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test
D3410/D3410M Test Method for Compressive Properties
direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thick-
of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported
nesses are described in 8.2.1.
Gage Section by Shear Loading
1.2 Thistestmethodisconsistentwiththerecommendations
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
of MIL-HDBK-17, which describes the desirable attributes of
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption
a bearing response test method.
Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Ma-
1.3 The multi-fastener test configurations described in this
trix Composite Materials
test method are similar to those used by industry to investigate
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
the bypass portion of the bearing bypass interaction response
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
for bolted joints, where the specimen may produce either a
tion
bearing failure mode or a bypass failure mode. Note that the
D7248/D7248M Test Method for Bearing/Bypass Interac-
scope of this test method is limited to bearing and fastener
tion Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
failure modes. Use Test Method D7248/D7248M for by-pass
Using 2-Fastener Specimens
testing.
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E6 TerminologyRelatingtoMethodsofMechanicalTesting
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
someter Systems
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
must be used independently of the other. Combining values
With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
of a Lot or Process
standard.
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ASTM Test Methods
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E238 Test Method for Pin-Type Bearing Test of Metallic
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Materials
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on
Structural Test Methods.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5961/
´1 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D5961M – 05 . DOI: 10.1520/D5961_D5961M-08.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D5961/D5961M–05 Designation:D5961/D5961M–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5961/D 5961M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—The units of measurement in the last sentence of 7.1 were corrected editorially in April 2007.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the bearing response of pinned or fastened joints using multi-directional polymer matrix composite
laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers by either double-shear tensile loading (Procedure A), single-shear tensile or
compressive loading or single-shear of a two-piece specimen (Procedure B), single-shear tensile loading of a one-piece specimen
(Procedure C), or double-shear compressive loading of a specimen. (Procedure D). Standard specimen configurations using fixed
values of test parameters are described for each procedure. However, when fully documented in the test report, a number of test
parameters may be optionally varied. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or
fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The
range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.
1.2 This test method is consistent with the recommendations of MIL-HDBK-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a
bearing response test method.
1.3 The multi-fastener test configurations described in this test method are similar to those used by industry to investigate the
bypassportionofthebearingbypassinteractionresponseforboltedjoints,wherethespecimenmayproduceeitherabearingfailure
mode or a bypass failure mode. While this test method may be referenced as guidance in bearing bypass test programs, Note that
the scope of this test method is limited to bearing and fastener failure modes. Use Test Method D 7248/D 7248M for by-pass
testing.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D 953 Test Method for Bearing Strength of Plastics
D 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins
D 2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
D 3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials
D 3410/D 3410M Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported Gage
Section by Shear Loading
D 3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D 5229/D 5229M TestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionPropertiesandEquilibriumConditioningofPolymerMatrixComposite
Materials
D 5687/D 5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Preparation
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on Structural Test
Methods.
Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D5961/D5961M–01
´1
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 5961/D 5961M–05 .
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
...
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