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ASTM G109-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments

Standard Test Method for Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the effects of chemical admixtures on the corrosion of metals in concrete. This test method can be used to evaluate materials intended to inhibit chloride-induced corrosion of steel in concrete. It can also be used to evaluate the corrosivity of admixtures in a chloride environment.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2007
ICS
91.080.40 - Concrete structures
Technical Committee
G01 - Corrosion of Metals
Drafting Committee
G01.14 - Corrosion of Metals in Construction Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM G109-99a(2005) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Effects of Chemical Admixtures on the Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1582/C1582M-11(2017)e1 - Standard Specification for Admixtures to Inhibit Chloride-Induced Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007

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ASTM G109-07 - Standard Test Method for Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride EnvironmentsASTM G109-07 - Standard Test Method for Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments
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REDLINE ASTM G109-07 - Standard Test Method for Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride EnvironmentsREDLINE ASTM G109-07 - Standard Test Method for Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments
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REDLINE ASTM G109-07 - Standard Test Method for Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G109 − 07
StandardTest Method for
Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion
of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to
1
Chloride Environments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C511Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversaprocedurefordeterminingthe
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
effects of chemical admixtures on the corrosion of metals in
C876Test Method for Corrosion Potentials of Uncoated
concrete. This test method can be used to evaluate materials
Reinforcing Steel in Concrete
intended to inhibit chloride-induced corrosion of steel in
C881/C881MSpecification for Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding
concrete. It can also be used to evaluate the corrosivity of
Systems for Concrete
admixtures in a chloride environment.
C1152/C1152MTest Method for Acid-Soluble Chloride in
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Mortar and Concrete
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D448Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road and
only.
Bridge Construction
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the D632Specification for Sodium Chloride
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- ASTM Test Methods
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Determine the Precision of a Test Method
G3Practice for Conventions Applicable to Electrochemical
2. Referenced Documents
Measurements in Corrosion Testing
2
G15TerminologyRelatingtoCorrosionandCorrosionTest-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
ing (Withdrawn 2010)
A615/A615MSpecificationforDeformedandPlainCarbon-
G33Practice for Recording Data from Atmospheric Corro-
Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
sion Tests of Metallic-Coated Steel Specimens
C33Specification for Concrete Aggregates
G46Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Cor-
C143/C143MTest Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
rosion
Concrete
4
2.2 NACE Standards:
C150Specification for Portland Cement
SSPC-SP 5/NACE No. 1White Metal Blast Cleaning
C173/C173MTestMethodforAirContentofFreshlyMixed
Concrete by the Volumetric Method
3. Significance and Use
C192/C192MPracticeforMakingandCuringConcreteTest
Specimens in the Laboratory
3.1 This test method provides a reliable means for predict-
C231Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-
ing the inhibiting or corrosive properties of admixtures to be
crete by the Pressure Method
used in concrete.
3.2 This test method is useful for development studies of
corrosion inhibitors to be used in concrete.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on
3.3 This test method has been used elsewhere with good
Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.14 on
Corrosion of Metals in Construction Materials.
agreement between corrosion as measured by this test method
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originally
approvedin1992.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2005asG109–99a(2005).DOI:
10.1520/G0109-07.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from The Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th
the ASTM website. Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G109 − 07
5
and corrosion damage on the embedded steel (1-4). This test 5.11 EpoxySealer,forapplicationtotheconcretespecimens
method might not properly rank the performance of different after manufacture. This sealer shall be of Type III, Grade 1,
7,9
corrosioninhibitors,especiallyatconcretecoversoverthesteel Class C in accordance with Specification C881/C881M.
lessthan40mm(1.5in.)orwater-to-cementratiosabove0.45.
5.12 Plastic Dams, 75-mm (3-in.) wide and 150-mm (6-in.)
The concrete mixture proportions and cover over the steel are
longwithaminimumheightof75mm(3in.)forplacementon
chosen to accelerate chloride i
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:G109–99a (Reapproved 2005) Designation:G109–07
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Effects of Chemical Admixtures on the
Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete
1
Exposed to Chloride Environments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the effects of chemical admixtures on the corrosion of metals in
concrete. This test method can be used to evaluate materials intended to inhibit chloride-induced corrosion of steel in concrete. It
can also be used to evaluate the corrosivity of admixtures in a chloride environment.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound unitsvalues given in parentheses are
provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 615/A 615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet-SteelCarbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
C 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method
C 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method
C 511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of
Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
C 876 Test Method for Half-Cell Potentials of Uncoated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete
C 881/C 881M Specification for Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding Systems for Concrete
C 1152/C 1152M Test Method for Acid-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete
D 448 Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road and Bridge Construction
D 632 Specification for Sodium Chloride
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
G 3 Practice for Conventions Applicable to Electrochemical Measurements in Corrosion Testing
G 15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Testing
G 33 Practice for Recording Data from Atmospheric Corrosion Tests of Metallic-Coated Steel Specimens
G 46 Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Corrosion
3
2.2 NACE Standards:
SSPC SP 5 (NACE No. 1)White Metal Blast Cleaning SSPC-SP 5/NACE No. 1 White Metal Blast Cleaning
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion, Deterioration, and Degradation Corrosion of MaterialsMetals and is the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee G01.14 on Corrosion of Metals in Construction Materials.
Current edition approved MayNov. 1, 2005.2007. Published May 2005.December 2007. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 19992005 as
G109–99a .G 109–99a(2005).
e1
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from The Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G109–07
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method provides a reliable means for predicting the inhibiting or corrosive properties of admixtures to be used in
concrete.
3.2 This test method is useful for development studies of corrosion inhibitors to be used in concrete.
3.3 This test method has been used elsewhere with good agreement between corrosion as measured by this test method and
4
corrosion damage on the embedded steel (1, 2, 3, 41-4). This test method might not properly rank the perform
...

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3.1 These test methods provide a reliable means for predicting the inhibiting or corrosive properties of admixtures to be used in concrete.  
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3.3 A systematic approach to bridge deck rehabilitation requires considerable data on the condition of the decks. In the past, data has been collected using the traditional methods of visual inspection supplemented by physical testing and coring. Such methods have proven to be tedious, expensive, and of limited accuracy. Consequently, GPR provides a mechanism to rapidly survey bridges in an efficient, nondestructive manner.  
3.4 Information on the condition of asphalt-covered concrete bridge decks is needed to estimate bridge deck condition for maintenance and rehabilitation, to provide cost-effective information necessary for rehabilitation contracts.  
3.5 GPR is currently the only nondestructive method that can evaluate bridge deck condition on bridge decks containing an asphalt overlay.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers several ground penetrating radar (GPR) evaluation procedures that can be used to evaluate the condition of concrete bridge decks overlaid with asphaltic concrete wearing surfaces. These procedures can also be used for bridge decks overlaid with portland cement concrete and for bridge decks without an overlay. Specifically, this test method predicts the presence or absence of concrete or rebar deterioration at or above the level of the top layer of reinforcing bar.  
1.2 Deterioration in concrete bridge decks is manifested by the corrosion of embedded reinforcement or the decomposition of concrete, or both. The most serious form of deterioration is that which is caused by corrosion of embedded reinforcement. Corrosion may be initiated by deicing salts, used for snow and ice control in the winter months, penetrating the concrete. In arid climates, the corrosion can be initiated by chloride ions contained in the mix ingredients. Deterioration may also be initiated by the intrusion of water and aggravated by subsequent freeze/thaw cycles, causing damage to the concrete and subsequent debonding of the reinforcing steel with the surrounding compromised concrete.  
1.2.1 As the reinforcing steel corrodes, it expands and creates a crack or subsurface fracture plane in the concrete at or just above the level of the reinforcement. The fracture plane, or delamination, may be localized or may extend over a substantial area, especially if the concrete cover to the reinforcement is small. It is not uncommon for more than one delamination to occur on different planes between the concrete surface and the reinforcing steel. Delaminations are not visible on the concrete surface. However, if repairs are not made, the delaminations progress to open spalls and, with continued corrosion, eventually affect the structural integrity of the deck.  
1.2.2 The portion of concrete contaminated with excessive chlorides is generally structurally deficient compared with non-contaminated concrete. Additionally, the chloride-contaminated concrete provides a pathway for the chloride ions to initiate corrosion of the reinforcing steel. It is therefore of particular interest in bridge deck condition investigations to locate not only the areas of active reinforcement corrosion, but also areas of chloride-contaminated and otherwise deteriorated concrete.  
1.3 This test method may not be suitable for evaluating bridges with delaminations that are localized over the diameter of the reinforcement, or for those bridges that have cathodic protection (coke breeze as cathode) installed on the bridge or for which a conductive aggregate has been used in the asphalt (that is, blast furnace slag). This is because metals are perfect reflectors of electromagnetic waves, since th...

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