ASTM D6102-97

Standard Guide for Installation of Geosynthetic Clay Liners

SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides directions for the installation of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) under file conditions typically present in environmental lining applications.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-1997
• ICS: 91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.04 - Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D6102-04 - Standard Guide for Installation of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D8204-18(2022) - Standard Practice for Burial and Retrieval of Samples in a Test Pad to Evaluate Installation Effects on Geosynthetic Clay Liners
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 6102 – 97
Standard Guide for
Installation of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6102; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.3 geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), n—a manufactured hy-
1.1 This guide provides directions for the installation of
draulic barrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer or layers of
geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) under field conditions typi-
geosynthetics.
cally present in environmental lining applications.
1.2 This guide contains general installation guidelines. It is
4. Significance and Use
not intended to replace project-specific installation require-
4.1 For optimum performance, GCLs must be installed in a
ments as found in the contract drawings or specifications. In
manner that does not impact their physical, mechanical, or
the event of a conflict, the requirement of the project specifi-
hydraulic properties.
cations will supersede the requirements of this guide.
4.2 This guide identifies the proper installation procedures
1.3 This guide does not purport to establish specific proce-
and equipment for use by GCL designers, inspectors, and
dure for all climatic, geographical, hydraulic, or topographical
installers.
conditions that may exist at a site. Appropriate installation
procedures under atypical field conditions should be modified
5. Procedure
as necessary to maintain the integrity of the GCL and adjacent
5.1 The methods and equipment used for placement of the
lining system components.
GCL can vary, but the primary objective of the process is to
1.4 Different GCLs have different materials of construction
minimize the potential for GCL damage. The placement
with different physical properties. The procedures contained
methods and equipment should be evaluated appropriately
herein, therefore, may not be universally applicable to all
within this context.
GCLs under all field conditions.
5.2 Subgrade Preparation:
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
5.2.1 For projects where the GCL is to be placed over an
tions and equipment. This standard does not purport to address
earthen subgrade, the subgrade surface must be prepared and
all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
approved prior to installation in accordance either with project
the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
specifications or with this document. The surface should be
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
firm and unyielding, with no abrupt elevation changes, voids
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and cracks, ice or standing water.
5.2.2 The subgrade surface should be smooth and free of
2. Referenced Documents
vegetation, sharp-edged rocks, stones, sticks, construction
2.1 ASTM Standards:
debris, and other foreign matter that could contact the GCL.
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
The subgrade surface shall be compacted in accordance with
Fluids
3 the project specifications. At a minimum, the subgrade should
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
be rolled with a smooth-drum compactor of sufficient weight to
D 5888 Guide for Storage and Handling of Geosynthetic
3 remove any wheel ruts, footprints, or other abrupt grade
Clay Liners
changes. Furthermore, all protrusions extending more than 12
3. Terminology mm from the subgrade surface shall either be removed,
crushed, or pushed into the surface with a smooth-drum
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of other geosynthetic terms
compactor.
used in this practice, refer to Terminology D 4439. For
5.3 GCL Placement:
definitions of soils terms, refer to Terminology D 653.
5.3.1 All handling of the GCL at the job site should be
conducted in accordance with Guide D 5888.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D –35 on Geosyn-
5.3.2 GCL rolls are to be delivered to the working area of
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D 35.04 on Geosynthetic
the site in their original packaging. Immediately prior to
Clay Liners.
deployment, the packaging shall be carefully removed without
Current edition approved March 10, 1997. Published December 1997.
damaging the GCL.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.13.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6102–97
NOTE 1—The orientation of the GCL (that is, which side faces up) may
5.5.3 Seams should be constructed such that they are
be important and shall be in accordance with the engineer’s requirements.
shingled in the direction of the grade in a manner that prevents
the potential for flow entering the overlap zone.
5.3.3 No equipment that could damage the GCL shall be
5.6 Sealing Around Penetrations and Structures:
allowed to travel directly on the GCL. Acceptable installation,
5.6.1 Cutting the GCL should be accomplished using a
for example, may be accomplished such that the GCL is
sharp utility knife. Frequent blade changes are recommended
unrolled in front of the backwards-moving deployment equip-
to avoid damage to the synthetic components of the GCL
ment, such as a front end loader or bulldozer. If the equipment
during the cutting process.
causes rutting of the subgrade, the subgrade must be restored to
its originally accepted condition before placement continues. 5.6.2 The GCL shall be sealed around pipe penetrations and
structures embedded in the subgrade in accordance with the
5.3.4 Care must be taken to minimize the extent to which
design drawings or as recommended by the manufacturer.
the GCL is repositioned across the subgrade in order to
Examples of these details are presented in X1.1.
minimize damage to the subgrade and to the bottom surface of
the GCL. A temporary geosynthetic subgrade covering com- 5.7 Damage Repair—If the GCL is damaged (torn, punc-
monly known as a slip sheet or rub sheet may be used to reduce tured, perforated, etc.) either the entire GCL must be replaced
friction damage during placement. or the affected area must be repaired by cutting a patch to fit
above or below the damaged area. The patch shall be obtained
5.3.5 The GCL should be placed so that seams are parallel
from a new GCL roll and shall be cut to size such that a
to the direction of the slope. Other industry-accepted practices
minimum overlap of 300 mm is achieved around all parts of the
for installing geosynthetics on slopes shall be followed where
damaged area. Dry bentonite or bentonite mastic should be
appropriate, to help ensure that the stability and performance of
applied around the damaged area prior to placement
...