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ASTM D6578/D6578M-13

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Determination of Graffiti Resistance

Standard Practice for Determination of Graffiti Resistance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Graffiti on building and structures is an ongoing and increasing problem. A number of coatings have been produced that are intended to be resistant to the application of a graffiti marking, or to provide a surface from which such markings can be easily removed. The procedures described in this practice provide a standard set of conditions that can be used to evaluate the graffiti resistance of a surface.  
5.2 Graffiti resistance determined according to this practice is applicable to smooth surfaces. Graffiti resistance of the same coatings applied to a rough or textured surface may be lower.  
5.3 Graffiti resistance of coatings determined after natural or laboratory accelerated weathering, either before or after marking, conducted according to this practice, is considered as having more weight than graffiti resistance of the same coating determined without weathering. Graffiti resistance of coatings determined after natural weathering should be considered as having more weight than graffiti resistance determined after laboratory accelerated weathering.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a basic method for evaluating graffiti resistance of coatings, and use of this practice to evaluate graffiti resistance of coatings after outdoor or laboratory accelerated exposure (either prior to or after graffiti is applied). Graffiti resistance is based on how a defined set of markings is removed by a defined set of cleaning agents.  
1.2 This practice also defines procedures (optional) to evaluate graffiti removal after re-marking with subsequent re-cleaning. It does not address recoatability after a coating is no longer graffiti resistant.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2013
ICS
87.020 - Paint coating processes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.46 - Industrial Protective Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6578-08 - Standard Practice for Determination of Graffiti Resistance
Effective Date
01-Nov-2013
Replaced By
ASTM D6578/D6578M-13(2018) - Standard Practice for Determination of Graffiti Resistance
Effective Date
01-Nov-2018

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6578/D6578M − 13
Standard Practice for
1
Determination of Graffiti Resistance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6578/D6578M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°)
Geometry
1.1 This practice covers a basic method for evaluating
G7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Test-
graffiti resistance of coatings, and use of this practice to
ing of Nonmetallic Materials
evaluate graffiti resistance of coatings after outdoor or labora-
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificial Weath-
tory accelerated exposure (either prior to or after graffiti is
ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
applied). Graffiti resistance is based on how a defined set of
markings is removed by a defined set of cleaning agents.
3. Terminology
1.2 This practice also defines procedures (optional) to
3.1 The definitions given in Terminology G113 are appli-
evaluate graffiti removal after re-marking with subsequent
cable to this practice.
re-cleaning. It does not address recoatability after a coating is
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
no longer graffiti resistant.
3.2.1 cleaning agent, n—a material used to remove a mark-
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
ing material from the coating surface.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.2.2 graffıti resistance, n—the property of coatings to be
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
resistant to the application of graffiti or exhibiting removal of
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
graffiti without surface damage.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.2.3 marking material, n—a material that can be used to
with the standard.
produce graffiti.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.4 recleanability, n—the ability of a coating to withstand
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
multiple cycles of marking with subsequent cleaning while
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
maintaining its original characteristics.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.5 repellent, n—the property of coatings that prevents
materials commonly used as graffiti markings, from forming a
2. Referenced Documents
continuous film upon application.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Summary of Practice
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
4.1 A series of materials typically used as graffiti markings
D4587 Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Expo-
is applied to test panels of the surface being evaluated. Test
sures of Paint and Related Coatings
specimensmaybeexposedtooutdoororacceleratedexposures
D6695 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposures of Paint and
(either before or after markings have been applied).The graffiti
Related Coatings
markings are removed using a series of procedures that begin
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
with wiping with a dry cloth and end with cleaning the surface
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
with an aggressive cleaner. After the best attempt has been
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
madetoremovemarkings,specimensareevaluatedvisually,or
alternatively, by gloss and color change measurements to
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
determine cleanliness. The graffiti resistance is reported as a
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
cleanability level based on the mildest cleaning agent that
Subcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coatings.
completely removes the graffiti marking without damaging the
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originally
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6578 – 08. DOI: coating.
10.1520/D6578_D6578M-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 5. Significance and Use
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 Graffiti on building and structures is an ongoing and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. increasing problem.Anumber of coatings have been produced
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6578/D6578M − 13
that are intended to be resistant to the
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6578 − 08 D6578/D6578M − 13
Standard Practice for
1
Determination of Graffiti Resistance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6578;D6578/D6578M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers a basic method for evaluating graffiti resistance of coatings, and use of this practice to evaluate graffiti
resistance of coatings after outdoor or laboratory accelerated exposure (either prior to or after graffiti is applied). Graffiti resistance
is based on how a defined set of markings is removed by a defined set of cleaning agents.
1.2 This practice also defines procedures (optional) to evaluate graffiti removal after re-marking with subsequent re-cleaning.
It does not address recoatability after a coating is no longer graffiti resistant.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in
parentheses are for information only.stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D4587 Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
D6695 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°) Geometry
G7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 The definitions given in Terminology G113 are applicable to this practice.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 cleaning agent, n—a material used to remove a marking material from the coating surface.
3.2.2 graffıti resistance, n—the property of coatings to be resistant to the application of graffiti or exhibiting removal of graffiti
without surface damage.
3.2.3 marking material, n—a material that can be used to produce graffiti.
3.2.4 recleanability, n—the ability of a coating to withstand multiple cycles of marking with subsequent cleaning while
maintaining its original characteristics.
3.2.5 repellent, n—the property of coatings that prevents materials commonly used as graffiti markings, from forming a
continuous film upon application.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coatings.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2008December 2013. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20002008
as D6578 - 00.D6578 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/D6578-08.10.1520/D6578_D6578M-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6578/D6578M − 13
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 A series of materials typically used as graffiti markings is applied to test panels of the surface being evaluated. Test
specimens may be exposed to outdoor or accelerated exposures (either before or after markings have been applied). The graffiti
markings are removed using a series of procedures that begin with wiping with a dry cloth and end with cleaning the surface with
an aggressive cleaner. After the best attempt has been made to remove markings, specimens are evaluated visually, or alternatively,
by gloss and
...

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Heating of Coating  
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Drying  
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Low Temperature  
7.2  
High Temperature  
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Moisture  
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Wind  
7.5  
Coating Application  
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Residual Contaminants  
8.1  
Quality Assurance  
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Film Defects  
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Brush Application  
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Spray Application  
8.4  
Roller Application  
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Standard Practice for Use of Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards and Guides for Painting Steel Surfaces

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The appearance of the various degrees of dry and wet abrasive blast cleaning, hand and power tool cleaning, and water jetting are influenced by the initial rust grades of the steel being cleaned and/or the type and condition of the coating on the existing steel. The standards and guides aid visually in judging and evaluating the degree of rusting and/or paint deterioration before cleaning and the degree of cleaning of steel surfaces prior to painting.  
4.2 Five methods have evolved because of differences in the practice of using visual standards and guides throughout the world, and the method of surface preparation employed. In Europe, the visual standards (Method A) are used as the primary means of assessing the degree of cleaning. In the U.S., the SSPC written definitions take precedence with the visual guides and reference photographs used as a supplement. The visual guides and reference photographs of Methods B, C, and D conform to the SSPC written definitions. There are written definitions for Method E, however, the visual guide for Method E does not contain a complete set of pictorials corresponding to each surface cleanliness definition.
SCOPE
1.1 The visual surface preparation guides and standards consist of a series of color prints available as separate publications. Five different sets of photographs are described in this standard, designated as Method A (ISO/Swedish Standard2) and Methods B through E (SSPC Guides and Reference Photographs3). The methods differ in the depiction of the initial surface, in the definition and depiction of the cleaning conditions, and in the number of cleaning methods included. Because of these differences, the specifier should state which guide to use.  
1.2 The colored visual surface preparation guides represent different conditions of hot-rolled carbon steel before and after surface preparation. Prior to cleaning, there are four rust grades, A to D, that cover the range from intact mill scale to 100 % rusted and pitted steel. The standards then depict the appearance of the initial conditions after cleaning by one or more methods (for example, dry abrasive blast cleaning) to various degrees of thoroughness. In addition, Method B includes three painted conditions that contain various degrees of deterioration. The Guide3 depicts these conditions after various degrees of dry abrasive blast cleaning. Method C includes four rust grades and three painted conditions that contain various degrees of deterioration. The Guide4 depicts these conditions after various degrees of hand and power tool cleaning. Method D includes two rust grades and four painted conditions that contain various degrees of deterioration. The Guide5 depicts these conditions after various degrees of water jetting, with three levels of flash rusting. Method E includes two rust grades. The Guide6 depicts these conditions after various degrees of wet abrasive blast cleaning, with three levels of flash rusting.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D7073-20(Guide)
Standard Guide for Application and Evaluation of Brush and Roller Applied Paint Films

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Laboratory measurement of application properties of architectural coatings generally employ a blade-type applicators that lay down films of highly uniform thickness. Applicators, such as brushes and rollers, typically apply films that lack uniformity due to variations in rheology, film build, flow and leveling properties resulting in the practical hiding of most paints being less than that measured on films applied with a blade-type applicator. This guide provides an indication of the actual application properties of the paint, as applied by a contractor or consumer.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes procedures for the application of brush or roller, or both, applied paint films to sealed wallboard for evaluating application properties.  
1.2 Because both the application and panel evaluation are subjective, this guide should be used only for comparative testing within one laboratory using one operator for each set of applications, as the ratings assigned by different laboratories may not agree.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off