ASTM E1346-90(1996)e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Bulk Sampling, Handling, and Preparing Edible Vegetable Oils for Sensory Evaluation
Standard Practice for Bulk Sampling, Handling, and Preparing Edible Vegetable Oils for Sensory Evaluation
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the recommended procedures for bulk sampling, handling, and preparing edible vegetable oil (liquid at room temperature) prior to sensory evaluation.
1.2 This practice is consistent with the background information presented in ASTM STP433, ASTM STP434, and ASTM STP758. These should be consulted for supplemental guidance.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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e1
Designation: E 1346 – 90 (Reapproved 1996)
Standard Practice for
Bulk Sampling, Handling, and Preparing Edible Vegetable
Oils for Sensory Evaluation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1346; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Footnotes 5 and 8 were corrected editorially in November 1996.
1. Scope 4.3 The objective of this practice is to ensure that the sample
is representative of the sample source from the time of
1.1 This practice covers the recommended procedures for
sampling until the time of evaluation and to protect oil quality
bulk sampling, handling, and preparing edible vegetable oil
during that time.
(liquid at room temperature) prior to sensory evaluation.
4.4 This practice addresses neither evaluation and scaling
1.2 This practice is consistent with the background infor-
2 3
techniques, nor the sampling, handling, and preparing of solid
mation presented in ASTM STP 433, ASTM STP 434, and
fats.
ASTM STP 758. These should be consulted for supplemental
guidance.
5. Apparatus
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5 6,7
5.1 Liquid Zone Sampler, or core sampler, or trier.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.2 Wide-Mouth Jars, made of polyethylene terephthalate,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
0.5 to 1.0 L.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.3 Amber Glass Bottles, 250 mL to 1 L, with narrow-mouth
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tops that will withstand freezer temperatures.
2. Referenced Documents 5.4 Plastic Caps with Liners, or tape (PTFE pipe thread
tape), to cover top of bottle opening before capping with new
2.1 AOCS Standard:
non-metallic screw type caps. Tape should be 2.5 cm in width
Method C 1-47 Sampling
or wider to completely cover bottle openings.
3. Summary of Practice 5.5 Glass Funnels.
5.6 Glove Box with inert gas nitrogen atmosphere, includ-
3.1 This practice consists of the following basic steps:
ing an oxygen scavenging device.
removing oil from bulk source, transporting and starting oil
5.7 Glass Vial, 50 mL. Use amber glass for flavor evaluation
prior to evaluation, preparing oils for evaluation, presenting
and clear glass for visual examination of oil.
samples to panel, and cleaning glassware.
5.8 Standard Disposable Glass Pipets, 10 mL, one per each
4. Significance and Use
sample.
5.9 Circulating Waterbath, with automatic timer, thermostat
4.1 This practice is designed for use by the oil processor or
and rack.
research laboratory for evaluation by a trained sensory panel,
5.10 Waterbath Thermometer, with range from 20 to 100°C
or for use by quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA)
in 1°C divisions, calibrated for 76 mm immersion, 305 mm
personnel for sampling from a tank truck, car, or any other bulk
long.
transportation container, or by both.
4.2 The consistent use of this practice will provide repre-
6. Precautions
sentative samples for all sensory, chemical and physical
6.1 Oil submitted for chemical and physical testing and for
analyses and will protect the oil from oxidation.
sensory evaluation should be from the same bulk sampling.
Tank trucks, cars, or any other bulk transportation containers
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-18 on Sensory
may be filled with as many as seven layers and each level of oil
Evaluation of Materials and Products,and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
may be slightly different in quality. Oil samples should be
mittee E18.06 on Food, Beverage, and Tobacco Evaluation.
handled in the same manner and time frame to ensure high data
Current edition approved March 30, 1990. Published May 1990.
Basic Principles of Sensory Evaluation, ASTM STP 433, ASTM, 1968.
correlation.
Manual on Sensory Testing Methods, ASTM STP 434, ASTM, 1968.
Guidelines for the Selection and Training of Sensory Panel Members, ASTM
STP 758, ASTM.
5 6
Available from American Oil Chemists’ Society, P.O. Box 3989, Champaign, IL Available from Zone Devices, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
61826. Available from Refinery Supply Co., Tulsa, OK.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 1346
6.2 Do not expose oil to any environmental condition (for polymer 80 to 100 mesh (3 ft by ⁄8 in.) and molecular sieve 5A
example, light, heat, oxygen, moisture) or any equipment 80 to 100 mesh (9 ft by ⁄16 in.) with 25°C oven temperature
(metals) that will cause oxidation of the oil and alter sensory and 20 mL/min helium flow rate.
characteristics of the oil. 7.4 Store all oils at 5 or − 20°C, except for the sample for
6.3 Use only new, clean, dry, and odor-free polyethylene initial evaluation, which may be held at ambient temperature
terephthalate wide-mouth jars to collect oil samples; dispose of (25°C) in the dark for 1 h after sampling from bulk storage
jars rather than cleaning them. before analyses.
6.4 Flush bottles with nitrogen in a glove box prior to filling 7.5 Samples should be held a maximum of 2 days at 5 6
the bottle. 2°C in the dark before evaluation. If evaluation is not possible
6.5 Obtain a representative oil sample for all evaluations within this time frame, filled containers should be held
(sensory, chemical, instrumental); unblended multiple samples at − 20°C. Always store samples in the dark.
may produce different results. 7.6 Do not open bottles until ready for sample evaluation.
6.6 Do not allow glass containers in processing or produc- During this holding period, bottles should remain sealed with
tion areas where oil sampling is done. Use new plastic nitrogen in the headspace.
containers such as polyethylene terephthalate bottles for initial 7.7 Winterized Oil:
sampling. Flush empty bottle with nitrogen as described in 6.4. 7.7.1 Frozen sample is removed from cold storage and held
6.7 Transfer oil from plastic bottle to recommended glass at refrigerated (5 6 2°C) temperature until completely homo-
bottles within one hour of collection and flush headspace with geneous, that is, clear, with no visible solids. The time
nitrogen to minimize potential transfer of odors or flavors from requirements for thawing the oil will vary depending upon
the plastic container to the oil (conduct procedure in glove box container size.
under nitrogen atmosphere). 7.7.2 Sample must be mixed just prior to evaluation by
6.8 Use PFTE-lined caps or PFTE tape under caps to protect inverting bottle several times to ensure homogeneity and to
oil from off-odors or flavors imparted from metallic or unlined minimize potential density differences within the container; for
plastic caps. example, a 500 mL bottle with between 0.5 and 1 cm
6.9 Store oil in amber glass bottles to protect the oil from headspace is inverted 10 times.
light oxidation. 7.8 Non-Winterized Oil:
6.10 Choose size of storage bottle based on purpose of 7.8.1 The frozen sample is removed from cold storage and
evaluation, amount of oil required for each testing session or held at refrigerated (5 6 2°C) temperature until it stabilizes at
for number of panelists, and amount of oil needed for instru- that temperature (5°C). Next, move container to ambient
mental or chemical tests. For example,a1L sample of oil that temperature (25 6 5°C) until completely homogeneous; clear,
requires evaluation quarterly should be stored in four 250-mL no visible solids.
bottles. 7.8.2 Sample must be mixed just prior to evaluation by
6.11 Discard any unused oil. inverting bottle several times to ensure homogeneity and to
minimize potential density differences within the container; for
7. Procedures for Handling Samples Obtained from Bulk
example, a 500 mL bottle with between 0.5 an
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