ASTM D6763-08(2014)

Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents

ABSTRACT
This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing exterior wood stains. This includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent and opaque stains. The different conditions that affect coatings are presented in details. The balance of properties must be considered when establishing the requirements and selecting the tests. The different test methods in determining the liquid coating properties are enumerated and discussed. The different methods in determining the coating application and film formation are presented and discussed in details. The different test methods of determining the appearance of dry films are presented. The different test method of determining the dry coating properties are presented in details. The different test methods and practices in performing the chemical analysis of exterior woods are presented in details. Although many of the recommended test methods attempt to simulate conditions under which coatings are applied and used, it is not possible to duplicate accurately all possible conditions. Testing materials, including appropriate controls, under field conditions is recommended for the final evaluation of suitability.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing exterior wood stains and clear water repellents. This includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent and opaque stains and clear water repellents. The properties that can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test procedures are listed in 2.1 and 2.2.
Note 1: The term “opaque stain” is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that obscures the grain and color of the wood, but not its surface texture; also called solid color or solid hide.
Note 2: The term “semitransparent” is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does not fully obscure the grain or the texture of the wood.
Note 3: The term “clear” is defined as a transparent composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does not obscure the grain or texture of the wood.  
1.1.1 Discussion—When applied to woods that differ in color, there is a color difference between stained substrates.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Sep-2014
• ICS: 79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.42 - Architectural Coatings

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D6763-08 - Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6763 − 08(Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures
Closed Cup Tester
for testing exterior wood stains and clear water repellents.This
D154 Guide for Testing Varnishes
includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent
D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
and opaque stains and clear water repellents. The properties
D215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White Linseed
that can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test
Oil Paints (Withdrawn 2005)
procedures are listed in 2.1 and 2.2.
D344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by
NOTE 1—The term “opaque stain” is defined as a pigmented composi-
the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts
tion intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that
D358 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels in
obscures the grain and color of the wood, but not its surface texture; also
Weathering Tests of Coatings (Withdrawn 2014)
called solid color or solid hide.
D522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached
NOTE 2—The term “semitransparent” is defined as a pigmented
composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform
Organic Coatings
finish that does not fully obscure the grain or the texture of the wood.
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
NOTE 3—The term “clear” is defined as a transparent composition
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring
intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does
KrebsUnit(KU)ViscosityUsingaStormer-TypeViscom-
not obscure the grain or texture of the wood.
eter
1.1.1 Discussion—When applied to woods that differ in
D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of
color, there is a color difference between stained substrates.
Exterior Paints
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Exterior Paints
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of
and are not considered standard.
Exterior Paints
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
Paints
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
ing) of Exterior Paints
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
D869 TestMethodforEvaluatingDegreeofSettlingofPaint
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
D968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
mine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
Coatings by Falling Abrasive
2. Referenced Documents D1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of
Paints on Wood
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer and Plywood
D16 TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
Applications
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
D1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and
Diluents
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
and Related Products
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2014. Published September 2014. Originally
D1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Par-
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6763 – 08. DOI:
ticle Panel Materials
10.1520/D6763-08R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6763 − 08 (2014)
D1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation D3960 PracticeforDeterminingVolatileOrganicCompound
of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings
D4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
by Karl Fischer Method
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
D1849 Test Method for Package Stability of Paint
Coatings by the Taber Abraser
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-
D4062 Test Method for Leveling of Paints by Draw-Down
Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type)
Method
Viscometer
D4141 Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Con-
D2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by
centrating Exposures of Coatings
Scrape Adhesion
D4212 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity
D2243 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-
Cups
Borne Coatings
D4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
of Exterior Paint Films
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
D4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/
Coordinates
Plate Viscometer
D2245 Test Method for Identification of Oils and Oil Acids
D4400 Test Method for Sag Resistance of Paints Using a
in Solvent-Reducible Paints
Multinotch Applicator
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
D4446 Test Method for Anti-Swelling Effectiveness of
D2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic Coat-
Water-Repellent Formulations and Differential Swelling
ings
of Untreated Wood When Exposed to Liquid Water
D2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-
Environments
Reducible Paints
D4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
D2372 Practice for Separation of Vehicle From Solvent-
Using Controlled Condensation
Reducible Paints
D4587 Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Expo-
D2486 Test Methods for Scrub Resistance of Wall Paints
sures of Paint and Related Coatings
D2574 Test Method for Resistance of Emulsion Paints in the
D4958 Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of
Container to Attack by Microorganisms
Latex Paints
D2621 Test Method for Infrared Identification of Vehicle
D5326 Test Method for Color Development in Tinted Latex
Solids From Solvent-Reducible Paints Paints
D2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear D5401 Test Method for Evaluating Clear Water Repellent
or Pigmented Coatings Coatings on Wood
D2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec- D6686 Test Method for Evaluation of Tannin Stain Resis-
tance of Coatings
tometry
D6695 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposures of Paint and
D3168 Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers in
Related Coatings
Emulsion Paints
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
D3273 TestMethodforResistancetoGrowthofMoldonthe
Glass Electrode
Surface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental Cham-
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
ber
E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness
D3274 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Surface Dis-
Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
figurement of Paint Films by Fungal or Algal Growth, or
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
Soil and Dirt Accumulation
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small
G90 Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weather-
Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
ing of Nonmetallic Materials Using Concentrated Natural
D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
Sunlight
D3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior Exposure Tests
2.2 U.S. Federal Standards:
theSusceptibilityofPaintFilmstoMicrobiologicalAttack
U. S. Federal Test Method Standard No. 141 C
D3719 Test Method for Quantifying Dirt Collection on
3 2131 Application of Sprayed Films
Coated Exterior Panels (Withdrawn 2009)
2141 Application of Brushed Films
D3723 Test Method for Pigment Content ofWater-Emulsion
3011 Condition in Container
Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing
4203 Reducibility and Dilution Stability
D3793 Test Method for Low-Temperature Coalescence of
4421 Absorption Test
Latex Paint Films by Porosity Measurement (Withdrawn
4541 Working Properties and Appearance of Dried Film
2012)
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
Pigmented Coatings
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
D3928 Test Method for Evaluation of Gloss or Sheen
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
Uniformity www.access.gpo.gov.
D6763 − 08 (2014)
6301 Wet Adhesion (Tape Test) 4.6 Substrate Weathering—Weathering of wood before
staining will adversely affect the performance of exterior
2.3 Other Documents:
coatings.
Paint/Coatings Dictionary of the Federation of Societies for
5 4.6.1 Substrate Aspects of the Building—If construction
Coatings Technology
defects or defects due to age are such that excessive moisture
Paint and Coatings Testing Manual
from the inside or the outside makes its way through the
substrate or if the substrate is in direct contact with damp
3. Terminology
ground, blistering flaking or peeling may result.
3.1 For definitions of terms in this guide refer to Terminol-
4.6.2 Environmental conditions after application, both gen-
ogy D16, D1038, and D1554 and to the FSCT Stain/Coatings
eral for the area and specific, such as under eaves, behind
Dictionary.
shrubbery, north side and south side exposure are significant
weathering factors.
4. Conditions Affecting Coatings
5. Selection of Tests
4.1 Moisture—Wood is porous and will absorb moisture,
5.1 Because the conditions to which a coating is subjected
causing it to swell.As it dries, it will shrink. It is this cycle of
vary with (1) the surface type: deck, siding, species of wood
shrinking and swelling that causes warping and cracking in the
and (2) the service environment; sheltered, exposed, and
wood substrate. This dimensional instability stresses a coating,
horizontal, specialized types of solvent-borne and water-borne
affecting its durability. Many semitransparent, opaque, or solid
coatings have been developed for the different locations.
color exterior stains are formulated to repel water to protect
Selection of the referenced methods to be followed must be
wood from ingress of moisture, thereby reducing the tendency
governed by experience and the requirements in each indi-
of the wood to warp and crack.
vidual case, together with agreement between the purchaser
4.2 Substrate Type—The substrate to be coated can affect
and the seller.
not only the application properties of a coating, such as gloss
5.2 The purchaser should first determine which properties
and uniformity, but is also a factor in determining the type of
are the most important. After establishing the requirements or
coating to use. For instance, a primer may be required for
specifications, select the test methods that measure or evaluate
previously coated wood that will receive opaque stain; or a
those properties. The balance of properties must be considered
primer-sealer on previously uncoated wood. Other factors
when establishing the requirements and selecting the tests.The
include the type and quality of wood or wood composite
significance of the tests and the normal range of values are
(plywood, particle board or hardboard) or pressure treated
presented in the different sections, in most cases.
wood.
4.3 Substrate Conditions—Conditions such as species of 6. Sampling
wood, porosity, degree of weathering, and previous coatings
6.1 Prior to sampling, the condition of the container should
determine the kind of coating that can be applied. The
becheckedsincedamagetoitmaycauseevaporation,skinning
performance of coatings on uncoated new wood can be
or other undesirable effects on the coatings.
influenced by the presence of mill glaze and wood grain
6.2 Sample in accordance with Practice D3925. Determine
orientation.Theconditionofpreviouslystainedsubstratessuch
thedensityinpoundspergallon(kilograms/litre)inaccordance
as degree of chalk, presence of dirt, mold, and water-soluble or
D1475. Continue sampling and determining
with Test Method
oily contaminants, extractives, film adhesion, and porosity also
density until successive results agree within 0.1 lb (45 g) or as
influence the performance of coatings. Smoothness of the
agreed upon between the purchaser and seller. Then take
substrate affects the spreading rate, final appearance, and
samples for testing.
texture.
6.3 Specifytheamountrequiredforarepresentativesample,
4.4 Preparationofpreviouslycoatedorweatheredsubstrates
the package sizes, and an identification code. A 1-US gal (or
including cleaning, sanitizing, and sanding.
4-L)sampleisusuallysufficientfortherecommendedtests,but
4.5 The application properties are affected by temperature
for guidance in selecting a sampling plan consult Practice
and humidity at the time of application and during drying.
E105.
4.5.1 For Water Reducible—As these materials contain
7. Liquid Coating Properties
water, surfaces do not have to be completely dry before
application. However, application and surface temperatures
7.1 Skinning—Coatings that contain a binder that dries by
lower than 50°F may cause poor film formation.
oxidation may be subject to skin formation in a partially-filled
4.5.2 For Solvent Reducible—Surface dampness may ad-
can. Since skins are insoluble in the material they must be
versely effect film uniformity, wetting, and adhesion. Humidity
removed before use. The referenced test in a partially-filled
and low temperature have relatively little effect except for
container indicates the tendency of the material to skin. A
slowing the drying.
typical minimum time for skinning in accordance with this
method is 48 h. Examine the original sample for skins, both on
and below the surface. Using a well-mixed skin-free portion of
the sample, perform a skinning test
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6763 − 08 D6763 − 08 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing exterior wood stains and clear water repellents. This
includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent and opaque stains and clear water repellents. The properties that can
be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test procedures are listed in 2.1 and 2.2.
NOTE 1—The term “opaque stain” is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that obscures
the grain and color of the wood, but not its surface texture; also called solid color or solid hide.
NOTE 2—The term “semitransparent” is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does
not fully obscure the grain or the texture of the wood.
NOTE 3—The term “clear” is defined as a transparent composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does not obscure
the grain or texture of the wood.
1.1.1 Discussion—When applied to woods that differ in color, there is a color difference between stained substrates.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D154 Guide for Testing Varnishes
D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
D215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White Linseed Oil Paints (Withdrawn 2005)
D344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts
D358 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels in Weathering Tests of Coatings (Withdrawn 2014)
D522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached Organic Coatings
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscometer
D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Exterior Paints
D661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints
D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of Exterior Paints
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior Paints
D869 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling of Paint
D968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008Sept. 15, 2014. Published December 2008September 2014. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20022008
as D6763 - 02.D6763 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/D6763-08.10.1520/D6763-08R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6763 − 08 (2014)
D1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints on Wood
D1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer and Plywood
D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
D1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and Diluents
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
D1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
D1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
D1849 Test Method for Package Stability of Paint
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer
D2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by Scrape Adhesion
D2243 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
D2245 Test Method for Identification of Oils and Oil Acids in Solvent-Reducible Paints
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
D2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic Coatings
D2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducible Paints
D2372 Practice for Separation of Vehicle From Solvent-Reducible Paints
D2486 Test Methods for Scrub Resistance of Wall Paints
D2574 Test Method for Resistance of Emulsion Paints in the Container to Attack by Microorganisms
D2621 Test Method for Infrared Identification of Vehicle Solids From Solvent-Reducible Paints
D2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings
D2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflectometry
D3168 Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers in Emulsion Paints
D3273 Test Method for Resistance to Growth of Mold on the Surface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental Chamber
D3274 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Surface Disfigurement of Paint Films by Fungal or Algal Growth, or Soil and Dirt
Accumulation
D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
D3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior Exposure Tests the Susceptibility of Paint Films to Microbiological Attack
D3719 Test Method for Quantifying Dirt Collection on Coated Exterior Panels (Withdrawn 2009)
D3723 Test Method for Pigment Content of Water-Emulsion Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing
D3793 Test Method for Low-Temperature Coalescence of Latex Paint Films by Porosity Measurement (Withdrawn 2012)
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings
D3928 Test Method for Evaluation of Gloss or Sheen Uniformity
D3960 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings
D4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials by Karl Fischer Method
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser
D4062 Test Method for Leveling of Paints by Draw-Down Method
D4141 Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings
D4212 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity Cups
D4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films
D4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscometer
D4400 Test Method for Sag Resistance of Paints Using a Multinotch Applicator
D4446 Test Method for Anti-Swelling Effectiveness of Water-Repellent Formulations and Differential Swelling of Untreated
Wood When Exposed to Liquid Water Environments
D4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Controlled Condensation
D4587 Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
D4958 Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
D5326 Test Method for Color Development in Tinted Latex Paints
D5401 Test Method for Evaluating Clear Water Repellent Coatings on Wood
D6686 Test Method for Evaluation of Tannin Stain Resistance of Coatings
D6695 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
G90 Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weathering of Nonmetallic Materials Using Concentrated Natural Sunlight
D6763 − 08 (2014)
2.2 U.S. Federal Standards:
U. S. Federal Test Method Standard No. 141 C
2131 Application of Sprayed Films
2141 Application of Brushed Films
3011 Condition in Container
4203 Reducibility and Dilution Stability
4421 Absorption Test
4541 Working Properties and Appearance of Dried Film
6301 Wet Adhesion (Tape Test)
2.3 Other Documents:
Paint/Coatings Dictionary of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology
Paint and Coatings Testing Manual
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms in this guide refer to Terminology D16, D1038, and D1554 and to the FSCT Stain/Coatings
Dictionary.
4. Conditions Affecting Coatings
4.1 Moisture—Wood is porous and will absorb moisture, causing it to swell. As it dries, it will shrink. It is this cycle of shrinking
and swelling that causes warping and cracking in the wood substrate. This dimensional instability stresses a coating, affecting its
durability. Many semitransparent, opaque, or solid color exterior stains are formulated to repel water to protect wood from ingress
of moisture, thereby reducing the tendency of the wood to warp and crack.
4.2 Substrate Type—The substrate to be coated can affect not only the application properties of a coating, such as gloss and
uniformity, but is also a factor in determining the type of coating to use. For instance, a primer may be required for previously
coated wood that will receive opaque stain; or a primer-sealer on previously uncoated wood. Other factors include the type and
quality of wood or wood composite (plywood, particle board or hardboard) or pressure treated wood.
4.3 Substrate Conditions—Conditions such as species of wood, porosity, degree of weathering, and previous coatings determine
the kind of coating that can be applied. The performance of coatings on uncoated new wood can be influenced by the presence
of mill glaze and wood grain orientation. The condition of previously stained substrates such as degree of chalk, presence of dirt,
mold, and water-soluble or oily contaminants, extractives, film adhesion, and porosity also influence the performance of coatings.
Smoothness of the substrate affects the spreading rate, final appearance, and texture.
4.4 Preparation of previously coated or weathered substrates including cleaning, sanitizing, and sanding.
4.5 The application properties are affected by temperature and humidity at the time of application and during drying.
4.5.1 For Water Reducible—As these materials contain water, surfaces do not have to be completely dry before application.
However, application and surface temperatures lower than 50°F may cause poor film formation.
4.5.2 For Solvent Reducible—Surface dampness may adversely effect film uniformity, wetting, and adhesion. Humidity and low
temperature have relatively little effect except for slowing the drying.
4.6 Substrate Weathering—Weathering of wood before staining will adversely affect the performance of exterior coatings.
4.6.1 Substrate Aspects of the Building—If construction defects or defects due to age are such that excessive moisture from the
inside or the outside makes its way through the substrate or if the substrate is in direct contact with damp ground, blistering flaking
or peeling may result.
4.6.2 Environmental conditions after application, both general for the area and specific, such as under eaves, behind shrubbery,
north side and south side exposure are significant weathering factors.
5. Selection of Tests
5.1 Because the conditions to which a coating is subjected vary with (1) the surface type: deck, siding, species of wood and (2)
the service environment; sheltered, exposed, and horizontal, specialized types of solvent-borne and water-borne coatings have been
developed for the different locations. Selection of the referenced methods to be followed must be governed by experience and the
requirements in each individual case, together with agreement between the purchaser and the seller.
5.2 The purchaser should first determine which properties are the most important. After establishing the requirements or
specifications, select the test methods that measure or evaluate those properties. The balance of properties must be considered when
establishing the requirements and selecting the tests. The significance of the tests and the normal range of values are presented in
the different sections, in most cases.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
Available from Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology (FSCT), 492 Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422-2350, http://www.coatingstech.org.
D6763 − 08 (2014)
6. Sampling
6.1 Prior to sampling, the condition of the container should be checked since damage to it may cause evaporation, skinning or
other undesirable effects on the coatings.
6.2 Sample in accordance with Practice D3925. Determine the density in pounds per gallon (kilograms/litre) in accordance with
Test Method D1475. Continue sampling and determining density until successive results agree within 0.1 lb (45 g) or as agreed
upon between the purchaser and seller. Then take samples for testing.
6.3 Specify the amount required for a representative sample, the package sizes, and an identification code. A 1-US gal (or 4-L)
sample is usually sufficient for the
...