ASTM D6763-16(2022)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents
Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents
ABSTRACT
This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing exterior wood stains. This includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent and opaque stains. The different conditions that affect coatings are presented in details. The balance of properties must be considered when establishing the requirements and selecting the tests. The different test methods in determining the liquid coating properties are enumerated and discussed. The different methods in determining the coating application and film formation are presented and discussed in details. The different test methods of determining the appearance of dry films are presented. The different test method of determining the dry coating properties are presented in details. The different test methods and practices in performing the chemical analysis of exterior woods are presented in details. Although many of the recommended test methods attempt to simulate conditions under which coatings are applied and used, it is not possible to duplicate accurately all possible conditions. Testing materials, including appropriate controls, under field conditions is recommended for the final evaluation of suitability.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing exterior wood stains and clear water repellents. This includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent and opaque stains and clear water repellents. The properties that can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test procedures are listed in 2.1 and 2.2.
Note 1: The term “opaque stain” is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that obscures the grain and color of the wood, but not its surface texture; also called solid color or solid hide.
Note 2: The term “semitransparent” is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does not fully obscure the grain or the texture of the wood.
Note 3: The term “clear” is defined as a transparent composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does not obscure the grain or texture of the wood.
1.1.1 Discussion—When applied to woods that differ in color, there is a color difference between stained substrates.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6763 − 16 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Guide for
Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures
D16 TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
for testing exterior wood stains and clear water repellents.This
Applications
includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
and opaque stains and clear water repellents. The properties
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
that can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test
Closed Cup Tester
procedures are listed in 2.1 and 2.2.
D154 Guide for Testing of Varnishes (Withdrawn 2018)
D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
NOTE 1—The term “opaque stain” is defined as a pigmented composi-
D215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White Linseed
tion intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that
obscures the grain and color of the wood, but not its surface texture; also
Oil Paints (Withdrawn 2005)
called solid color or solid hide.
D344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by
NOTE 2—The term “semitransparent” is defined as a pigmented
the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts (Withdrawn 2018)
composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform
D358 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels in
finish that does not fully obscure the grain or the texture of the wood. 3
Weathering Tests of Coatings (Withdrawn 2014)
NOTE 3—The term “clear” is defined as a transparent composition
D522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached
intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does
Organic Coatings
not obscure the grain or texture of the wood.
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
1.1.1 Discussion—When applied to woods that differ in
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring
color, there is a color difference between stained substrates.
KrebsUnit(KU)ViscosityUsingaStormer-TypeViscom-
eter
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Exterior Paints
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of
and are not considered standard.
Exterior Paints
D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Exterior Paints
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Paints
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ing) of Exterior Paints
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
D869 TestMethodforEvaluatingDegreeofSettlingofPaint
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Coatings by Falling Abrasive
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Hand and Factory Applied Paints on Wood and Wood
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Composite Materials
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D6763 – 16. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D6763-16R22. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6763 − 16 (2022)
D1038 TerminologyRelatingtoVeneer,Plywood,andWood D3723 Test Method for Pigment Content ofWater-Emulsion
Structural Panels Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing
D3793 Test Method for Low-Temperature Coalescence of
D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
Latex Paint Films by Porosity Measurement (Withdrawn
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
2012)
D1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
Diluents (Withdrawn 2021)
Pigmented Coatings
D1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
D3928 Test Method for Evaluation of Gloss or Sheen
and Related Products
Uniformity
D1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Par-
D3960 PracticeforDeterminingVolatileOrganicCompound
ticle Panel Materials
(VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings
D1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation
D4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials
of Organic Coatings
by Karl Fischer Method
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
Coatings by the Taber Abraser
D1849 Test Method for Package Stability of Paint
D4062 Test Method for Leveling of Paints by Draw-Down
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-
Method
Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer
D4141 Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Con-
D2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by
centrating Exposures of Coatings
Scrape Adhesion
D4212 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity
D2243 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-
Cups
Borne Coatings
D4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
of Exterior Paint Films
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
D4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/
Coordinates
Plate Viscometer
D2245 Test Method for Identification of Oils and Oil Acids
D4400 Test Method for Sag Resistance of Paints Using a
in Solvent-Reducible Paints (Withdrawn 2016)
Multinotch Applicator
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
D4446 Test Method for Anti-Swelling Effectiveness of
D2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic Coat-
Water-Repellent Formulations and Differential Swelling
ings of Untreated Wood When Exposed to Liquid Water
D2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent- Environments
Reducible Paints D4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
D2372 Practice for Separation of Vehicle From Solvent- Using Controlled Condensation
D4587 Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Expo-
Reducible Paints
sures of Paint and Related Coatings
D2486 Test Methods for Scrub Resistance of Wall Paints
D4958 Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of
D2574 Test Method for Resistance of Emulsion Paints in the
Latex Paints
Container to Attack by Microorganisms
D5326 Test Method for Color Development in Tinted Latex
D2621 Test Method for Infrared Identification of Vehicle
Paints
Solids From Solvent-Reducible Paints
D5401 Test Method for Evaluating Clear Water Repellent
D2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear
Coatings on Wood
or Pigmented Coatings
D6686 Test Method for Evaluation of Tannin Stain Resis-
D2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec-
tance of Coatings
tometry
D6695 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposures of Paint and
D3168 Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers in
Related Coatings
Emulsion Paints
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
D3273 TestMethodforResistancetoGrowthofMoldonthe
Glass Electrode
Surface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental Cham-
E105 Guide for Probability Sampling of Materials
ber
E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness
D3274 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Surface Dis-
Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
figurement of Paint Films by Fungal or Algal Growth, or
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
Soil and Dirt Accumulation
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small
G90 Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weather-
Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
ing of Materials Using Concentrated Natural Sunlight
D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
D3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior Exposure Tests
theSusceptibilityofPaintFilmstoMicrobiologicalAttack
D3719 Test Method for Quantifying Dirt Collection on
Coated Exterior Panels (Withdrawn 2009)
D6763 − 16 (2022)
2.2 U.S. Federal Standards: 4.5.1 For Water Reducible—As these materials contain
U. S. Federal Test Method Standard No. 141 C water, surfaces do not have to be completely dry before
2131 Application of Sprayed Films application. However, application and surface temperatures
2141 Application of Brushed Films lower than 50 °F may cause poor film formation.
3011 Condition in Container 4.5.2 For Solvent Reducible—Surface dampness may ad-
4203 Reducibility and Dilution Stability versely effect film uniformity, wetting, and adhesion. Humidity
4421 Absorption Test and low temperature have relatively little effect except for
4541 Working Properties and Appearance of Dried Film slowing the drying.
6301 Wet Adhesion (Tape Test)
4.6 Substrate Weathering—Weathering of wood before
2.3 Other Documents:
staining will adversely affect the performance of exterior
Paint/Coatings Dictionary of the Federation of Societies for
coatings.
Coatings Technology
4.6.1 Substrate Aspects of the Building—If construction
Paint and Coatings Testing Manual
defects or defects due to age are such that excessive moisture
from the inside or the outside makes its way through the
3. Terminology
substrate or if the substrate is in direct contact with damp
3.1 For definitions of terms in this guide refer to Terminol-
ground, blistering flaking or peeling may result.
ogy D16, D1038, and D1554 and to the FSCT Stain/Coatings
4.6.2 Environmental conditions after application, both gen-
Dictionary.
eral for the area and specific, such as under eaves, behind
shrubbery, north side and south side exposure are significant
4. Conditions Affecting Coatings
weathering factors.
4.1 Moisture—Wood is porous and will absorb moisture,
5. Selection of Tests
causing it to swell. As it dries, it will shrink. It is this cycle of
shrinking and swelling that causes warping and cracking in the
5.1 Because the conditions to which a coating is subjected
wood substrate. This dimensional instability stresses a coating,
vary with (1) the surface type: deck, siding, species of wood
affecting its durability. Many semitransparent, opaque, or solid
and (2) the service environment; sheltered, exposed, and
color exterior stains are formulated to repel water to protect
horizontal, specialized types of solvent-borne and water-borne
wood from ingress of moisture, thereby reducing the tendency
coatings have been developed for the different locations.
of the wood to warp and crack.
Selection of the referenced methods to be followed must be
governed by experience and the requirements in each indi-
4.2 Substrate Type—The substrate to be coated can affect
vidual case, together with agreement between the purchaser
not only the application properties of a coating, such as gloss
and the seller.
and uniformity, but is also a factor in determining the type of
coating to use. For instance, a primer may be required for
5.2 The purchaser should first determine which properties
previously coated wood that will receive opaque stain; or a
are the most important. After establishing the requirements or
primer-sealer on previously uncoated wood. Other factors
specifications, select the test methods that measure or evaluate
include the type and quality of wood or wood composite
those properties. The balance of properties must be considered
(plywood, particle board or hardboard) or pressure treated
when establishing the requirements and selecting the tests.The
wood.
significance of the tests and the normal range of values are
presented in the different sections, in most cases.
4.3 Substrate Conditions—Conditions such as species of
wood, porosity, degree of weathering, and previous coatings
6. Sampling
determine the kind of coating that can be applied. The
6.1 Prior to sampling, the condition of the container should
performance of coatings on uncoated new wood can be
becheckedsincedamagetoitmaycauseevaporation,skinning
influenced by the presence of mill glaze and wood grain
or other undesirable effects on the coatings.
orientation.Theconditionofpreviouslystainedsubstratessuch
as degree of chalk, presence of dirt, mold, and water-soluble or 6.2 Sample in accordance with Practice D3925. Determine
thedensityinpoundspergallon(kilograms/litre)inaccordance
oily contaminants, extractives, film adhesion, and porosity also
influence the performance of coatings. Smoothness of the with Test Method D1475. Continue sampling and determining
density until successive results agree within 0.1 lb (45 g) or as
substrate affects the spreading rate, final appearance, and
texture. agreed upon between the purchaser and seller. Then take
samples for testing.
4.4 Preparationofpreviouslycoatedorweatheredsubstrates
6.3 Specifytheamountrequiredforarepresentativesample,
including cleaning, sanitizing, and sanding.
the package sizes, and an identification code. A 1-US gal (or
4.5 The application properties are affected by temperature
4-L)sampleisusuallysufficientfortherecommendedtests,but
and humidity at the time of application and during drying.
for guidance in selecting a sampling plan consult Practice
E105.
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7. Liquid Coating Properties
www.access.gpo.gov
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