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ASTM E2248-09

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Impact Testing of Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch Specimens

Standard Test Method for Impact Testing of Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
There are cases where it is impractical or impossible to prepare conventional CVN specimens. MCVN specimens are an alternative approach for characterizing notched specimen impact behavior. Typical applications include MCVN specimens prepared from the broken halves of previously tested specimens, from thin product form material, or from material cut from in-service components.
This standard establishes the requirements for performing impact tests on MCVN specimens fabricated from metallic materials. Minimum requirements are given for measurement and recording equipment such that similar sensitivity and comparable measurements, as compared to conventional CVN tests, are achieved. The user should be aware that the transition region temperature dependence data obtained from MCVN specimens are not directly comparable to those obtained from full-size standard Charpy-V specimens and suitable correlation procedures have to be employed to obtain ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) data equivalent to those obtained using CVN specimens. In all instances, correlations will have to be developed to relate upper shelf energy (USE) data from MCVN test to CVN comparable energy levels. Application of MCVN test data to the evaluation of ferritic material behavior is the responsibility of the user of this test method. MCVN test data should not be used directly to determine the lowest allowable operating temperature for an in-service material. The data must be interpreted within the framework of a fracture mechanics assessment.
While this Test Method treats the use of an instrumented striker as an option, the use of instrumentation in the impact test is recommended and is fully described in Test Method E 2298. In order to establish the force-displacement diagram, it is necessary to measure the impact force as a function of time during contact of the striker with the specimen. The area under the force-displacement curve is a measure of absorbed energy. As an alternative,...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes notched-bar impact testing of metallic materials using Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch (MCVN) specimens and test apparatus. It provides: (a) a description of the apparatus, (b) requirements for inspection and calibration, (c) safety precautions, (d) sampling, (e) dimensions and preparation of specimens, (f) testing procedures, and (g) precision and bias.
1.2 This standard concerns Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch specimens, for which all linear dimensions, including length and notch depth, are reduced with respect to a type A standard impact test specimen in accordance with Test Methods E 23. These are not the same as sub-size specimens, described in Annex A3 of Test Methods E 23, for which length, notch angle and notch depth are the same as for the standard type A Charpy specimen. See also 1.5 below.
1.3 Comparison of the MCVN data with conventional Charpy V-Notch (CVN) data or application of the MCVN data, or both, to the evaluation of ferritic material behavior is the responsibility of the user of this test method and is not explicitly covered by this test method.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not address testing of sub-size specimens as discussed in Test Methods E 23. The reader should understand the distinction between miniature and subsize. Miniature specimens are shorter that sub-size specimens so that more tests can be conducted per unit volume of material. Moreover, miniature specimens are designed so that the stress fields which control fracture are similar to those of conventional Test Methods E 23 specimens.
1.6 The MCVN test may be performed using a typical Test Methods E 23 test machine with suitably modified anvils and striker or using a smaller capacity machine.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated ...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2009
ICS
77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
Technical Committee
E28 - Mechanical Testing
Drafting Committee
E28.07 - Impact Testing
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2248-12 - Standard Test Method for Impact Testing of Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch Specimens
Effective Date
01-Apr-2012
Referred By
ASTM E2298-18 - Standard Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009

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ASTM E2248-09 - Standard Test Method for Impact Testing of Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch SpecimensASTM E2248-09 - Standard Test Method for Impact Testing of Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch Specimens
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ASTM E2248-09 - Standard Test Method for Impact Testing of Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch Specimens
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E2248–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Impact Testing of Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2248; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 Thistestmethoddescribesnotched-barimpacttestingof
metallic materials using Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch
2. Referenced Documents
(MCVN) specimens and test apparatus. It provides: (a)a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
description of the apparatus, (b) requirements for inspection
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
andcalibration,(c)safetyprecautions,(d)sampling,(e)dimen-
of Steel Products
sions and preparation of specimens, (f) testing procedures, and
E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of
(g) precision and bias.
Metallic Materials
1.2 This standard concerns Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
specimens, for which all linear dimensions, including length
ASTM Test Methods
and notch depth, are reduced with respect to a typeAstandard
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
impact test specimen in accordance with Test Methods E23.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
These are not the same as sub-size specimens, described in
E2298 Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of
AnnexA3 of Test Methods E23, for which length, notch angle
Metallic Materials
and notch depth are the same as for the standard typeACharpy
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
specimen. See also 1.5 below.
ISO 148 Metallic materials -- Charpy pendulum impact test
1.3 Comparison of the MCVN data with conventional
-- Part 1: Test method
CharpyV-Notch (CVN) data or application of the MCVN data,
ISO 14556 Steel -- Charpy V-notch pendulum impact test --
or both, to the evaluation of ferritic material behavior is the
Instrumented test method
responsibility of the user of this test method and is not
explicitly covered by this test method.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 The essential features of the MCVN impact test are: (a)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
a suitable miniature three point bend specimen, (b) anvils and
standard.
supports on which the test specimen is placed to receive the
1.5 This standard does not address testing of sub-size
blow of the moving mass, (c) a moving mass (striker) that has
specimens as discussed in Test Methods E23. The reader
been released from a sufficient height to cause the mass to
should understand the distinction between miniature and sub-
break the specimen placed in its path, (d) a device for
size. Miniature specimens are shorter that sub-size specimens
determining the energy absorbed by the broken specimen, and
so that more tests can be conducted per unit volume of
optionally (e) instrumentation for measuring applied force as a
material. Moreover, miniature specimens are designed so that
functionoftimeduringspecimenloading(refertoTestMethod
the stress fields which control fracture are similar to those of
E2298).
conventional Test Methods E23 specimens.
3.2 The test consists of breaking the miniaturized specimen,
1.6 The MCVN test may be performed using a typical Test
notched in the middle, and supported at each end, with one
Methods E23 test machine with suitably modified anvils and
blow from a swinging pendulum under conditions defined
striker or using a smaller capacity machine.
hereafter.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on the ASTM website.
3
Impact Testing. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. DOI: 10.1520/ la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
E2248-09. www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2248–09
4. Significance and U
...

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1.5 Units—At the time the Rockwell hardness test was developed, the force levels were specified in units of kilograms-force (kgf) and the indenter ball diameters were specified in units of inches (in.). This standard specifies the units of force and length in the International System of Units (SI); that is, force in Newtons (N) and length in millimeters (mm). However, because of the historical precedent and continued common usage, force values in kgf units and ball diameters in inch units are provided for information and much of the discussion in this standard refers to these units.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The Differential Indentation Depth hardness test is an empirical indentation hardness test that can provide useful information about metallic materials. This information can correlate to tensile strength, wear resistance, ductility, and other physical characteristics of metallic materials, and can be useful in quality control and selection of materials.  
4.2 Differential Indentation Depth hardness tests are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, and have been used in industry for this purpose.  
4.3 Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing at a specific location on a part might not represent the physical characteristics of the whole part or end product. Machines that comply with this Standard are used when machines that comply with the regular hardness standards such as Test Methods E10, E18, E92, and E384 cannot be used. Test results obtained with these machines are comparable BUT NOT EQUIVALENT to those obtained with machines that comply with the above mentioned standards.  
4.4 Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing machines covered by this standard do not comply with Test Methods E10, E18, E92, or E110.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Differential Indentation Depth hardness of metallic materials by the Differential Indentation Depth hardness principle. This standard provides the requirements for Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing machines and the procedures for performing Differential Indentation Depth hardness tests.  
1.2 This standard includes additional requirements in annexes:    
Verification of Differential Indentation Depth Hardness Testing Machines  
Annex A1  
Guidelines for Determining the Minimum Thickness of a Test Piece  
Annex A2  
1.3 This standard includes non-mandatory information in appendixes which relates to the Differential Indentation Depth hardness test.    
List of ASTM Standards Giving Hardness Numbers Corresponding to Tensile Strength  
Appendix X1  
Examples of Procedures for Determining Differential Indentation Depth Hardness Uncertainty  
Appendix X2  
Examples of Indenters Used in Differential Indentation Depth Machines  
Appendix X3  
1.4 Units—This standard specifies the units of force and length in the International System of Units (SI); that is, force in Newtons (N) and length in micrometers (µm). However, because of continued common usage, values are provided in other units of measure for information.  
1.5 The test principles, testing procedures, and verification procedures are essentially identical for all the Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing instruments. The testing instruments may use different test forces and indenter shapes. The type and size of the indenters are matched to the design of the instrument by the manufacturer. Accordingly, the indenters, probes and other instrument components are generally not interchangeable among manufacturers.  
1.6 The hardness number reported by these instruments are based on direct correlations to existing hardness scales as determined by each manufacturer for each instrument and hardness scale. Unless otherwise noted on the instrument or in the operating manual for the instrument, the hardness numbers reported by the instrument are only applicable to non-austenitic steels. See 5.6.1 for additional information.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organizati...

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ASTM
ASTM E436-03(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drop-Weight Tear Tests of Ferritic Steels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to determine the appearance of propagating fractures in plain carbon or low-alloy pipe steels (yield strengths less than 825 MPa) over the temperature range where the fracture mode changes from brittle (cleavage or flat) to ductile (shear or oblique).  
4.2 This test method can serve the following purposes:  
4.2.1 For research and development, to study the effect of metallurgical variables such as composition or heat treatment, or of fabricating operations such as welding or forming on the mode of fracture propagation.  
4.2.2 For evaluation of materials for service to indicate the suitability of a material for specific applications by indicating fracture propagation behavior at the service temperature(s).  
4.2.3 For information or specification purposes, to provide a manufacturing quality control only when suitable correlations have been established with service behavior.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers drop-weight tear tests (DWTT) on ferritic steels with thicknesses between 3.18 mm and 19.1 mm.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E143-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Shear modulus is a material property useful in calculating compliance of structural materials in torsion provided they follow Hooke's law, that is, the angle of twist is proportional to the applied torque. Examples of the use of shear modulus are in the design of rotating shafts and helical compression springs.  
5.2 The procedural steps and precision of the apparatus and the test specimens should be appropriate to the shape and the material type, since the method applies to a wide variety of materials and sizes.  
5.3 Precise determination of shear modulus depends on the numerous variables that may affect such determinations.  
5.3.1 These factors include characteristics of the specimen such as residual stress, concentricity, wall thickness in the case of tubes, deviation from nominal value, previous strain history, and specimen dimension.  
5.3.2 Testing conditions that influence the results include axial position of the specimen, temperature and temperature variations, and maintenance of the apparatus.  
5.3.3 Interpretation of data also influences results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear modulus of structural materials. This test method is limited to materials in which, and to stresses at which, creep is negligible compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading. Elastic properties such as shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio are not determined routinely and are generally not specified in materials specifications.  
1.2 For materials that follow nonlinear elastic stress-strain behavior, the value of tangent or chord shear modulus is useful for estimating the change in torsional strain to corresponding stress for a specified stress or stress-range, respectively. Such determinations are, however, outside the scope of this standard. (See for example Ref (1).)2  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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