ASTM C1516-05(2011)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Application of Direct-Applied Exterior Finish Systems
Standard Practice for Application of Direct-Applied Exterior Finish Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides minimum requirements for the application of Direct-applied Exterior Finish Systems. The requirements for materials, mixtures, and details shall be contained in the project plans and specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the minimum requirements and procedures for field application of Direct-applied Exterior Finish Systems (DEFS). Direct-applied exterior finish systems are coating systems applied over various substrates with non-metallic reinforcing mesh, in which the base coat ranges from not less than 1/16in. (1.6 mm) to 3/32 in. (2.4 mm) in dry thickness, depending on the mass of the reinforcing mesh. This base coat is subsequently covered with a finish coat that is available in a variety of textures and colors.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric values given in parentheses are approximate and are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: C1516 − 05 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Practice for
Application of Direct-Applied Exterior Finish Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1516; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C1325 Specification for Non-Asbestos Fiber-Mat Rein-
forced Cementitious Backer Units
1.1 This practice covers the minimum requirements and
E1825 Guide for Evaluation of Exterior Building Wall
procedures for field application of Direct-applied Exterior
Materials, Products, and Systems
Finish Systems (DEFS). Direct-applied exterior finish systems
are coating systems applied over various substrates with
3. Terminology
non-metallic reinforcing mesh, in which the base coat ranges
1 3
from not less than ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) to ⁄32 in. (2.4 mm) in dry
3.1 Definitions used in this standard shall be in accordance
thickness, depending on the mass of the reinforcing mesh.This
with Terminology C11.
base coat is subsequently covered with a finish coat that is
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
available in a variety of textures and colors.
3.2.1 accessories, n—preformed metal, fiberglass or plastic
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
members used to form corners, edges, control joints, or
as the standard. The metric values given in parentheses are
decorative effects.
approximate and are provided for information purposes only.
3.2.2 back wrapping, n—a deprecated term. See wrap.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
3.2.3 base coat, n—a material, either factory or field-mixed,
tions and equipment. This standard does not purport to address
used to cover the substrate and to encapsulate the reinforcing
all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
mesh.
the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
3.2.4 cold joint, n—the visible junction in an exterior finish.
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.2.5 cure, v—to develop the ultimate properties of a wet
state material by a chemical process.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.6 dry, v—to develop the ultimate properties of a wet
state material solely by evaporation of volatile ingredients.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C11 Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related Building
3.2.7 durability, n—the capability of a building, assembly,
Materials and Systems
component, product, or construction to maintain serviceability
C1063 Specification for Installation of Lathing and Furring
over not less than a specified time.
to Receive Interior and Exterior Portland Cement-Based
3.2.8 embed, v—to encapsulate a non-metallic reinforcing
Plaster
mesh in either the joint compound or exterior finish.
C1177/C1177M Specification for Glass Mat Gypsum Sub-
3.2.9 expansion joint, n—a structural separation between
strate for Use as Sheathing
building elements that allows independent movement without
C1186 Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement Sheets
damage to the assembly.
C1278/C1278M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Gypsum
Panel
3.2.10 factory mixed, n—a material that is prepared at the
point of manufacture and is ready to use without the addition
of other materials, except possibly water to adjust consistency.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C11 on Gypsum
3.2.11 field mix, n—a material that is mixed in the field with
and Related Building Materials and Systems and is the direct responsibility of
other components and/or water.
Subcommittee C11.05 on Application of Exterior Insulating and Finish Systems and
Related Products.
3.2.12 finish coat, n—the final wet state material, that
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally
providescolororadditionaltexture,appliedoverthereinforced
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C1516 – 05. DOI:
base coat.
10.1520/C1516-05R11.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.13 flash set (quick set), n—the early hardening or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
stiffness in the working characteristics of a Portland-cement
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. paste, mortar, or concrete, usually with the evolution of
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1516 − 05 (2011)
considerable heat; stiffness cannot be dispelled nor the plastic- 7. Rejection
ity regained by further mixing without addition of water; also
7.1 Materials that are damaged, frozen or in any way
known as “quick set.”
defective shall not be used. Rejection of materials shall be
3.2.14 framing member, n—studs, joist, runners (tracks),
promptly reported verbally to the producer and immediately
bridging, bracing, and related accessories manufactured or
reported in writing. The notice of rejection shall contain a
supplied in wood or hot or cold formed steel.
statement documenting the basis for material rejection.
3.2.15 initial grab, n—the ability of a wet state material to
8. Certification
remain in place initially after it has been applied.
8.1 When specified in the contract documents, the exterior
3.2.16 initial set, n—a time related set caused by the
finish producer shall furnish a report certifying that the
hydration process.
materials are in conformance with product and material stan-
3.2.17 lamina, n—composite of base coat, reinforcement,
dards and contract documents.
and finish coat.
8.2 The substrate panels shall be marked as complying with
3.2.18 mechanical fastener, n—corrosion resistant compo-
the applicable product specification.
nent used to attach the substrate to the framing member.
9. Storage of Materials
3.2.19 reinforcing mesh, n—a non-metallic component of
the DEFS encapsulated in the base coat to strengthen the
9.1 All materials shall be kept dry by storage under cover
system. and protected from the weather.
3.2.19.1 Discussion—Non-metallic reinforcing mesh is
9.1.1 When outside storage is required, substrate panels
available in various weights to achieve different levels of shall be stacked flat with care taken to avoid damage to edges,
impact and stress resistance.
ends, or surfaces.
9.1.2 All other DEFS components shall be stacked off the
3.2.20 pot life, n—the duration of time that the wet state
ground, supported on a level platform and protected from the
material remains workable after it has been mixed.
direct sunlight, weather, surface contamination or physical
3.2.21 primers, n—liquid coatings applied to improve the
damage in accordance with the DEFS producer’s written
adhesion of the DEFS to the substrate.
instructions.
3.2.21.1 Discussion—Primers are sometimes applied to im-
9.2 Materials shall be protected from exposure to tempera-
prove the water resistance of cementitious base coats.
tures less than 40 °F (4 °C), unless otherwise specified by the
3.2.22 reinforced base coat, n—base coat that has been
manufacturer.
reinforced with a non-metallic reinforcing mesh.
9.3 Portland Cement shall be kept dry until ready for use. It
3.2.23 substrate, n—surface to which the DEFS is applied.
shall be kept off the ground, under cover and away from damp
3.2.24 surface sealer, n—material used to enhance weather
walls and surfaces.
resistance.
10. Environmental Conditions
3.2.25 temper, v—to bring to a workable state by adding
water.
10.1 Cold Weather Conditions:
10.1.1 Wet materials shall not be applied when the tempera-
3.2.26 texture, n—any surface appearance as contrasted to a
ture is less than 40 °F (4 °C) unless temporary heat and
smooth surface.
enclosures are provided to maintain a minimum temperature of
3.2.27 wet edge, n—the leading edge of a continuously
40 °F (4 °C) for a minimum period of not less than 24 h before,
applied wet state material.
during and after application or unless otherwise specified by
3.2.28 wet state materials, n—the adhesive, base coat and
the manufacturer.
finish coat components applied in liquid or semi-liquid state.
10.1.2 Materials shall not be applied to a base containing
frost. Substrate surface temperature shall be not less than 40 °F
4. Significance and Use
(4 °C) unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. Mix-
4.1 This practice provides minimum requirements for the tures for application shall not contain any frozen ingredients.
application of Direct-applied Exterior Finish Systems. The
11. Assessment of Condition of Substrates to Receive
requirements for materials, mixtures, and details shall be
Direct Exterior and Finish Systems
contained in the project plans and specifications.
11.1 The substrate shall be as required by the project plans
5. Delivery of Materials and specifications and as specified by the DEFS producer for
the particular system.
5.1 All materials shall be delivered in packages, containers,
or bundles with the identification and markings intact. 11.2 The substrate shall be inspected by the applicator and
general contractor to ensure that it meets the project plans and
6. Inspection specifications and the requirements of 11.3 – 11.8.2.
6.1 Inspectionofthematerialsshallbeagreeduponbetween 11.3 Sheathing materials shall be inspected to ensure that:
the purchaser and the supplier as part of the purchase agree- 11.3.1 The specified sheathing thickness has been installed
ment. for the stud spacing used.
C1516 − 05 (2011)
11.3.2 Fastener type and fastener spacing are as specified. type. Substrate panel planar irregularities of more than ⁄16 in.
11.3.3 Water-resistant exterior fiber-reinforced gypsum (1.6 mm) shall be corrected. All panel joints shall be tightly
sheathing panels complying with Specification C1278/ abutted or shall be filled with recommended joint bedding
C1278M, shall be installed in accordance with the sheet material.
producer’s written installation instructions, which include de-
12.2 Base Coat Preparation—All materials requiring field
tails of framing type and spacing, fastener type and spacing,
preparation shall be mixed in accordance with the DEFS
and sheet orientation and spacing.
producer’s specifications.
11.3.4 Glass mat gypsum sheathing complying with Speci-
12.3 Base Coat Application—The prepared base coat shall
fication C1177/C1177M, shall be installed in accordance with
be uniformly spread over the entire surface of the substrate
the sheet producer’s written installation instructions, which
panel.
include details of framing type and spacing, fastener type and
12.4 Reinforcing Mesh—The single layer reinforcing mesh,
spacing, and sheet orientation and spacing.
when specified, shall be fully encapsulated in the field of the
11.3.5 Fiber-cement sheets complying with Specification
wall,atcorners,edges,andjoints.Trowelfromthecentertothe
C1186, TypeA, shall be installed in accordance with the sheet
edge of the reinforcing mesh to avoid wrinkles. The single
producer’s written installation instructions, which include de-
layer reinforcing mesh shall be continuous at all corners.
tails of framing type and spacing, fastener type and spacing,
and sheet orientation and spacing.
NOTE 1—The recommended method is to apply the base coat in two
11.3.6 Fiber-mat reinforced cement sheets complying with applications.
Specification C1325, type A, shall be installed in accordance
12.4.1 The surface shall be free of voids, projections, trowel
with the sheet producer’s written installation instructions,
marks and other surface irregularities. The base coat thickness
which include details of framing type and spacing, fastener
shallbenotlessthan ⁄16in.(1.6mm)dryasmeasuredfromthe
type and spacing, and sheet orientation and spacing.
surface of the substrate panel.
11.4 Alignment—All substrate surfaces shall be straight and
12.5 Reinforcing Mesh Overlap—-- All reinforcing mesh
true within ⁄4 in. in 10 ft. (2 mm/m). More stringent require-
edges shall be overlapped not less than 2 ⁄2 in. (64 mm).
ments by the DEFS producer shall supersede the above stated
12.6 Impact Layers—When required, higher impact perfor-
requirements.
mance shall be achieved with multiple layers of reinforcing
11.5 Suitability for Use—Thesubstratesurfaceshallbefirm, mesh or by incorporating heavier weight reinforcing mesh.All
sound, and undamaged in order to receive the exterior finish.
areas requiring higher impact performance shall be detailed on
11.5.1 Broken, cracked or delaminated substrate boards the project plans and specifications. When overlapping of high
shall be replaced or restored to a condition equal to adjacent
impact mesh is not required, a complete second layer of
undamaged boards. reinforcing mesh shall be applied over the layer of high impact
mesh.
11.6 Cleanliness—The surface of all substrates shall be
12.7 Corners—Reinforcing mesh shall not be lapped within
clean and free from any foreign materials such as form release
agents, curing compounds, dust, dirt, frost, oil or grease, 8 in. (204 mm) of any corner.
efflorescence and laitance.
12.8 Wall Penetrations—All edges of the substrate panel
11.6.1 All substrate panels shall have all loose dirt and dust
board at penetrations of the DEFS, such as at windows, doors,
removed by cleaning methods appropriate for the job and job
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) sleeves,
conditions.
pipes, duct, electrical boxes, and at the base of the wall shall be
11.6.2 Efflorescence and laitance on substrate panels shall
wrappedwitheitherthebasecoatandreinforcingmeshortrim,
be removed prior to exterior finish application. Heavy deposits
or as specified by the project plans and specifications. Wall
shallberemovedusinghandorpowerimpacttoolsfollowedby
openings such as doors, windows, HVAC sleeves, shall be
washing with an appropriate cleaner. Light deposits shall be
diagonally reinforced at corners with mesh not less than 9 in.
removed by washing with an appropriate cleaner. All loose
(230 mm) by 12 in. (305 mm).
particles and cleaner residue shall be removed by washing with
12.8.1 Thecornersofreturnstowindows,doors,andsimilar
clean, potable water. The surface shall be allowed to dry.
wall openings shall have reinforcing mesh the full width of the
return and extending not less than 2 ⁄2 in. (64 mm) on both
11.7 Substrate Condition—There shall be no visible water.
sides of the corner.
11.8 Iffurringoraccessoriesareused,theyshallbeinstalled
12.9 Expansion Joints—All edges of the substrate p
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