ASTM D3512/D3512M-16

Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors which may include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, fabric finishing treatments and refurbishing method. Testing before refurbishing may be adviseable. The pilling resistance of a specific fabric in actual wear varies more with general conditions of use and individual wearers than in replicate fabric specimens subjected to controlled laboratory tests. This experience should be borne in mind when adopting levels of acceptability for any series of standards.  
5.3 Pills vary appreciably in size and appearance and de...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2016
• ICS: 59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3512/D3512M − 16
Standard Test Method for
Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of
1
Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3512/D3512M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush
Pilling Tester
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pro-
D3514/D3514M Test Method for Pilling Resistance and
pensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface
Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elas-
changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The
tomeric Pad
procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
knitted apparel fabrics.
Methods
NOTE 1—For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles,
D4970/D4970M Test Method for Pilling Resistance and
refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/
Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Mar-
D4970M.
tindale Tester
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin
F104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materi-
may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the
als
silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
chamber and cause erroneous results.
12-435120-00 Set of 5 Photographic Standards for Random
3
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Tumble Pilling Test
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3. Terminology
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric Test
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
Methods, General, see Terminology D4850.
with the standard.
3.1.1 Thefollowingtermsarerelevanttothisstandard:fuzz,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pilling resistance, pills.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Termi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
nology D123.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Pilling and other changes in surface appearance, such as
2. Referenced Documents
fuzzing, that occur in normal wear are simulated on a labora-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tory testing machine. Pills are caused to form on fabric by a
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
random rubbing action produced by tumbling specimens in a
D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Tex-
cylindrical test chamber lined with a mildly abrasive material.
tiles
Toformpillswithappearanceandstructurethatresemblethose
D3511/D3511M Test Method for Pilling Resistance and
produced in actual wear, small amounts of short-length gray
cotton fiber are added to each test chamber with the specimens.
The degree of fabric pilling is evaluated by comparison of the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
tested specimens with visual standards that may be actual
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
fabrics, or photographs of fabrics, showing a range of pilling
Specific.
resistance. The observed resistance to pilling is reported using
Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approved
in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D3512 – 10(2014). DOI:
an arbitrary rating scale.
10.1520/D3512_D3512M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD3512.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3512/D3512M − 16
5. Significance and Use pilling resistance.The observed resistance to pilling is reported
on an arbitrary scale ranging from 5 (no pilling) to 1 (very
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for
severe pilling).
resistancetopillingisnotrecommendedforacceptancetesting.
5.5 This test method is applicable to a wide variety of
If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with
woven and kni
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3512/D3512M − 10 (Reapproved 2014) D3512/D3512M − 16
Standard Test Method for
Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of
1
Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3512/D3512M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the resistance todetermination of the formation of propensity of a fabric to form pills and other
related surface changes on textile fabrics textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to
all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.
NOTE 1—For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511D3511/D3511M, D3514D3514/D3514M, and
D4970D4970/D4970M.
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the
silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D3511D3511/D3511M Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling
Tester
D3514D3514/D3514M Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric
Pad
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
D4970D4970/D4970M Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale
Tester
F104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materials
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
3
12-435120-00 Set of 5 Photographic Standards for Random Tumble Pilling Test
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric Test Methods, General, see Terminology D4850.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: fuzz, pilling resistance, pills.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Terminology D123.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods, Specific.
Current edition approved July 1, 2014July 1, 2016. Published August 2010July 2016. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20102014 as
ε1
D3512 – 10 .(2014). DOI: 10.1520/D3512-10R10.10.1520/D3512-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD3512.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3512/D3512M − 16
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Pilling and other changes in surface appearance, such as fuzzing, that occur in normal wear are simulated on a laboratory
testing machine. Pills are caused to form on fabric by a random rubbing action produced by tumbling specimens in a cylindrical
test chamber lined with a mildly abrasive material. To form pills with appearance and structure that resemble those produced in
actual wear, small amounts of short-length gray cotton fiber are added to each test chamber with the specimens. The degree of
fabric pilling is evaluated by comparison of the tested specimens with visual standards that may be actual fabrics, or photographs
of fabrics, showing a range of pilling resistance. The observed resistance to pilling is reported using an
...