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ASTM G85-98

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing

Standard Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing

SCOPE
1.1 This practice sets forth conditions for five modifications in salt spray (fog) testing for specification purposes. These are in chronological order of their development:  
1.1.1 Annex A1, acetic acid-salt spray test, continuous.  
1.1.2 Annex A2, cyclic acidified salt spray test.  
1.1.3 Annex A3, seawater acidified test, cyclic (SWAAT).  
1.1.4 Annex A4, SO 2 salt spray test, cyclic.
1.1.5 Annex A5 , dilute electrolyte cyclic fog dry test.
1.2 This practice does not prescribe the type of modification, test specimen or exposure periods to be used for a specific product, nor the interpretation to be given to the results.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicablity of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-1998
ICS
77.060 - Corrosion of metals
Technical Committee
G01 - Corrosion of Metals
Drafting Committee
G01.05 - Laboratory Corrosion Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM G85-02 - Standard Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002

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ASTM G85-98 - Standard Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact
ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: G 85 – 98
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Practice for
1
Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 85; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope described herein are useful when a different or more corrosive
environment than the salt fog described in Practice B 117 is
1.1 This practice sets forth conditions for five modifications
desired.
in salt spray (fog) testing for specification purposes. These are
in chronological order of their development:
4. Apparatus
1.1.1 Annex A1, acetic acid-salt spray test, continuous.
4.1 Cabinet:
1.1.2 Annex A2, cyclic acidified salt spray test.
4.1.1 The apparatus required for salt spray (fog) testing
1.1.3 Annex A3, seawater acidified test, cyclic (SWAAT).
consists of a fog chamber, a salt solution reservoir, a supply of
1.1.4 Annex A4,SO salt spray test, cyclic.
2
suitably conditioned compressed air, one or more atomizing
1.1.5 Annex A5, dilute electrolyte cyclic fog dry test.
nozzles, specimen supports, provision for heating the chamber,
1.2 This practice does not prescribe the type of modifica-
and necessary means of control. The size and detailed con-
tion, test specimen or exposure periods to be used for a specific
struction of the cabinet are optional, provided the conditions
product, nor the interpretation to be given to the results.
obtained meet the requirements of this practice. The material of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
construction shall be such that it will not affect the corrosive-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ness of the fog. Suitable apparatus that may be used to obtain
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
these conditions is described in Appendix A1 of Practice B 117
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
with necessary modifications described in each annex.
mine the applicablity of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.2 Design the cabinet so that drops of solution that
2. Referenced Documents accumulate on the ceiling or cover of the chamber do not fall
on the specimens being tested. Do not return drops of solution
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
that fall from the specimens to the solution reservoir for
B 117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Testing
respraying.
D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
4.1.3 Equip the cabinet with one or more timing devices to
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
3 provide for intermittent spraying or periodic introduction of a
Related Coating Products
4
gas, or both.
D 1141 Specification for Substitute Ocean Water
5 4.2 Air Supply:
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
4.2.1 Make sure the compressed air supply to the nozzle or
D 1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated
3 nozzles for atomizing the salt solution is free of oil and dirt and
Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
maintain the air supply between 69 and 172 kPa (10 and 25
E 70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions with the
6 psi).
Glass Electrode
NOTE 1—The air supply may be freed of oil and dirt by passing it
3. Significance and Use
through a water scrubber or at least 610 mm (2 ft) of suitable cleaning
3.1 This practice is applicable to ferrous and nonferrous material such as asbestos, sheep’s wool, or activated alumina.
metals; also organic and inorganic coatings. The variations
4.2.2 Temperature in the saturator tower (bubble tower)
varies depending on the test method used.
4.3 Conditions in Salt-Spray Chamber:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G-1 on Corrosion
4.3.1 Temperature—The temperature in the exposure zone
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.05 on Laboratory
varies with the test method used. For recommended exposure
Corrosion Tests.
zone temperatures for the various methods see the Annex.
Current edition approved April 10, 1998. Published November 1998. Originally
published as G 85 – 85. Last previous edition G 85 – 94.
Record the temperature within the exposure zone of the closed
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02.
cabinet at least twice a day at least 7 h apart (except on
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
4 weekends and holidays, when the salt spray test is not
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards
...

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3.1 Moist air containing sulfur dioxide quickly produces easily visible corrosion on many metals in a form resembling that occurring in industrial environments. It is therefore a test medium well suited to detect pores or other sources of weakness in protective coatings and deficiencies in corrosion resistance associated with unsuitable alloy composition or treatments.  
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1.1 This practice covers the apparatus and procedure to be used in conducting qualitative assessment tests in accordance with the requirements of material or product specifications by means of specimen exposure to condensed moisture containing sulfur dioxide.  
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Standard Practice for Determining the Susceptibility of Stainless Steels and Related Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys to Stress-Corrosion Cracking in Polythionic Acids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Polythionic acids are chemically described as H2SxO6, where x is usually 3, 4, or 5 (1)3 though can be more than 50 (2). These acid environments provide a way of evaluating the resistance of stainless steels and related alloys to intergranular stress corrosion cracking. Failure is accelerated by the presence of increasing amounts of intergranular precipitate. Results for the polythionic acid test have not been correlated exactly with those of intergranular corrosion tests (Test Methods G28). Also, this test may not be relevant to stress corrosion cracking in chlorides or caustic environments.  
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1.1 This practice covers procedures for preparing and conducting the polythionic acid test at room temperature, 22 °C to 25 °C (72 °F to 77 °F), to determine the relative susceptibility of stainless steels or other related materials (nickel-chromium-iron alloys) to intergranular stress corrosion cracking.  
1.2 This practice can be used to evaluate stainless steels or other materials in the “as received” condition or after being subjected to high-temperature service, 482 °C to 815 °C (900 °F to 1500 °F), for prolonged periods of time.  
1.3 This practice can be applied to wrought products, castings, and weld metal of stainless steels or other related materials to be used in environments containing sulfur or sulfides. Other materials capable of being sensitized can also be tested in accordance with this test.  
1.4 This practice may be used with a variety of stress corrosion test specimens, surface finishes, and methods of applying stress.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM G123-00(2022)e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Alloys with Different Nickel Content in Boiling Acidified Sodium Chloride Solution

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5.1 This test method is designed to compare alloys and may be used as one method of screening materials prior to service. In general, this test method is more useful for stainless steels than the boiling magnesium chloride test of Practice G36. The boiling magnesium chloride test cracks materials with the nickel levels found in relatively resistant austenitic and duplex stainless steels, thus making comparisons and evaluations for many service environments difficult.  
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1.4 This test method detects major effects of composition, heat treatment, microstructure, and stress on the susceptibility of materials to chloride stress-corrosion cracking. Small differences between samples such as heat-to-heat variations of the same grade are not likely to be detected.  
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5.1 The U-bend specimen may be used for any metal alloy sufficiently ductile to be formed into the U-shape without mechanically cracking. The specimen is most easily made from strip or sheet but can be machined from plate, bar, castings, or weldments; wire specimens may be used also.  
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1.1 This practice covers procedures for making and using U-bend specimens for the evaluation of stress-corrosion cracking in metals. The U-bend specimen is generally a rectangular strip that is bent 180° around a predetermined radius and maintained in this constant strain condition during the stress-corrosion test. Bends slightly less than or greater than 180° are sometimes used. Typical U-bend configurations showing several different methods of maintaining the applied stress are shown in Fig. 1.  
FIG. 1 Typical Stressed U-bends  
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5.1 Autoclave tests are commonly used to evaluate the corrosion performance of metallic and non-metallic materials under simulated HP and HTHP service conditions. Examples of service environments in which HP and HTHP corrosion tests have been used include chemical processing, petroleum production and refining, food processing, pressurized cooling water, electric power systems, and aerospace propulsion.  
5.2 For the applications of corrosion testing listed in 5.1, the service environment involves handling corrosive and potentially hazardous media under conditions of high pressure or high temperature, or both. The temperature and pressure, among other parameters, usually drive the composition and properties of the aqueous phase and, hence, the severity of the corrosion process. Consequently, the laboratory evaluation of corrosion severity cannot be performed in conventional low pressure glassware without making potentially invalid assumptions as to the potential effects of high temperature and pressure on corrosion severity.  
5.3 Therefore, there is a substantial need to provide standardized methods by which corrosion testing can be performed under HP and HTHP. In many cases, however, the standards used for exposure of specimens in conventional low-pressure glassware experiments cannot be followed due to the limitations of access, volume, and visibility arising from the construction of high-pressure test cells. This guide refers to existing corrosion standards and practices, as applicable, and then goes further in areas in which specific guidelines for performing HP and HTHP corrosion testing are needed.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures, specimens, and equipment for conducting laboratory corrosion tests on metallic materials under conditions of high pressure (HP) or the combination of high temperature and high pressure (HTHP). See 3.2 for definitions of high pressure and temperature.  
1.2 The procedures and methods in this guide are applicable for conducting mass loss corrosion, localized corrosion, and electrochemical tests as well as for use in environmentally induced cracking tests that need to be conducted under HP or HTHP conditions.  
1.3 The primary purpose for this guide is to promote consistency of corrosion test results. Furthermore, this guide will aid in the comparison of corrosion data between laboratories or testing organizations that utilize different equipment.  
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4.1 It is important to be able to determine the extent of pitting, either in a service application in which it is necessary to predict the remaining life in a metal structure, or in laboratory test programs that are used to select the most pitting-resistant materials for service. The purpose of the study is crucial in determining the appropriate examination and evaluation steps.  
4.2 Some typical purposes of laboratory tests include, but are not limited to, evaluating performance of alloys, determining whether an alloy is resistant to the environment, evaluating how environmental conditions including corrosion inhibitor affect or prevent pitting, and evaluating whether a lot of metal is sufficiently resistant for its use in a particular application or environment.  
4.3 Some typical purposes of field studies include, but are not limited to, determining if pits are likely to grow and cause leak or release of process fluid, and assisting a determination of whether to replace or repair damage from pits (remaining life assessment).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection of procedures that can be used in the examination and evaluation of pitted metals. These procedures include both nondestructive and destructive approaches.  
1.2 The procedures covered in this guide include those that may be used in laboratory evaluations of corroded metal specimens and field examinations and inspections.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—In X1.2.1, mils per year (MPY) are regarded as standard for the target corrosion rate.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test environment is believed to give an accelerated ranking of the relative or absolute degree of stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility for different brasses. It has been found to correlate well with the corresponding service ranking in environments that cause stress-corrosion cracking which is thought to be due to the combined presence of traces of moisture and ammonia vapor. The extent to which the accelerated ranking correlates with the ranking obtained after long-term exposure to environments containing corrodents other than ammonia is not at present known. Examples of such environments may be severe marine atmospheres (Cl−), severe industrial atmospheres (predominantly SO2), and super-heated ammonia-free steam.  
4.2 It is not possible at present to specify any particular time to failure (defined on the basis of any particular failure criteria) in pH 7.2 Mattsson’s solution that corresponds to a distinction between acceptable and unacceptable stress-corrosion behavior in brass alloys. Such particular correlations must be determined individually.  
4.3 Mattsson's solution of pH 7.2 may also cause stress independent general and intergranular corrosion of brasses to some extent. This leads to the possibility of confusing stress-corrosion failures with mechanical failures induced by corrosion-reduced net cross sections. This danger is particularly great with small cross section specimens, high applied stress levels, long exposure periods and stress-corrosion resistant alloys. Careful metallographic examination is recommended for correct diagnosis of the cause of failure. Alternatively, unstressed control specimens may be exposed to evaluate the extent to which stress independent corrosion degrades mechanical properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation and use of Mattsson’s solution of pH 7.2 as an accelerated stress-corrosion cracking test environment for brasses (copper-zinc base alloys). The variables (to the extent that these are known at present) that require control are described together with possible means for controlling and standardizing these variables.  
1.2 This practice is recommended only for brasses (copper-zinc base alloys). The use of this test environment is not recommended for other copper alloys since the results may be erroneous, providing completely misleading rankings. This is particularly true of alloys containing aluminum or nickel as deliberate alloying additions.  
1.3 This practice is intended primarily where the test objective is to determine the relative stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility of different brasses under the same or different stress conditions or to determine the absolute degree of stress corrosion cracking susceptibility, if any, of a particular brass or brass component under one or more specific stress conditions. Other legitimate test objectives for which this test solution may be used do, of course, exist. The tensile stresses present may be known or unknown, applied or residual. The practice may be applied to wrought brass products or components, brass castings, brass weldments, and so forth, and to all brasses. Strict environmental test conditions are stipulated for maximum assurance that apparent variations in stress-corrosion susceptibility are attributable to real variations in the material being tested or in the tensile stress level and not to environmental variations.  
1.4 This practice relates solely to the preparation and control of the test environment. No attempt is made to recommend surface preparation or finish, or both, as this may vary with the test objectives. Similarly, no attempt is made to recommend particular stress-corrosion test specimen configurations or methods of applying the stress. Test specimen configurations that may be used are referenced in Practice G30 and STP 425.2  
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ASTM G186-05(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Whether Gas-Leak-Detector Fluid Solutions Can Cause Stress Corrosion Cracking of Brass Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Brass components are routinely used in compressed gas service for valves, pressure regulators, connectors and many other components. Although soft brass is not susceptible to ammonia SCC, work-hardened brass is susceptible if its hardness exceeds about 54 HR 30T (55HRB) (Rockwell scale). Normal assembly of brass components should not induce sufficient work hardening to cause susceptibility to ammonia SCC. However, it is has been observed that over-tightening of the components will render them susceptible to SCC, and the problem becomes more severe in older components that have been tightened many times. In this test, the specimens are obtained in the hardened condition and are strained beyond the elastic limit to accelerate the tendency towards SCC.  
5.2 It is normal practice to use LDFs to check pressurized systems to assure that leaking is not occurring. LDFs are usually aqueous solutions containing surfactants that will form bubbles at the site of a leak. If the LDF contains ammonia or other agent that can cause SCC in brass, serious damage can occur to the system that will compromise its safety and integrity.  
5.3 It is important to test LDFs to assure that they do not cause SCC of brass and to assure that the use of these products does not compromise the integrity of the pressure containing system.  
5.4 It has been found that corrosion of brass is necessary before SCC can occur. The reason for this is that the corrosion process results in cupric and cuprous ions accumulating in the electrolyte. Therefore, adding copper metal and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) to the aqueous solution accelerates the SCC process if agents that cause SCC are present. However, adding these components to a solution that does not cause SCC will not make stressed brass crack.  
5.5 Repeated application of the solution to the specimen followed by a drying period causes the components in the solution to concentrate thereby further increasing the rate of cracking. This also simulates se...
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1.1 This test method covers an accelerated test method for evaluating the tendency of gas leak detection fluids (LDFs) to cause stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of brass components in compressed gas service.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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