ASTM D3868-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Fluoride Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
Standard Test Method for Fluoride Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Identification of a brackish water, seawater, or brine is determined by comparison of the concentrations of their dissolved constituents. The results are used to evaluate the origin of the water, determine if it is a possible pollutant, or if it is related to a potential source of a valuable mineral. For example, in geochemical studies some correlation data indicate that fluoride is an indirect indicator of the presence of lithium.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of soluble fluoride ions in brackish water, seawater and brines by use of a fluoride selective electrode.
1.2 Samples containing from 1.0 to 25 mg/L can be analyzed by this test method.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D3868 − 09
StandardTest Method for
1
Fluoride Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3868; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 4. Summary of Test Method
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of soluble 4.1 A fluoride selective electrode, reference electrode, and
fluoride ions in brackish water, seawater and brines by use of millivoltmeter are used to determine fluoride in brine samples
a fluoride selective electrode. by a standard addition method.
1.2 Samples containing from 1.0 to 25 mg/L can be ana- 4.2 The fluoride selective electrode consists of a lanthanum
lyzed by this test method. fluoride crystal that develops an electrode potential corre-
sponding to the level of fluoride ion in solution.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5. Significance and Use
standard.
5.1 Identification of a brackish water, seawater, or brine is
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
determined by comparison of the concentrations of their
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dissolved constituents. The results are used to evaluate the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
origin of the water, determine if it is a possible pollutant, or if
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
it is related to a potential source of a valuable mineral. For
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
example,ingeochemicalstudiessomecorrelationdataindicate
that fluoride is an indirect indicator of the presence of lithium.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards: 6. Interferences
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
6.1 Metal ions such as aluminum and iron (III) interfere
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
with the fluoride determination by forming complexes with
D2777Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
fluoride ions. The buffer solution contains a complexing agent
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
that preferentially complexes these metal ions. This solution
D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
also contains a pH buffer to reduce electrode interference from
D5847Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
hydroxide ions and to prevent the formation of HF. Sodium
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
chlorideisaddedasionicstrengthadjustor.Increasingamounts
of aluminum, iron (III), and borate ions were added to 1.5
3. Terminology
mg/Lfluoridesolutionsandwerefoundnottointerfereupto5,
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test 350, and 250 mg/L (as boron), respectively.
method, refer to Terminology D1129.
7. Apparatus
7.1 Millivoltmeter (accurate to 6 0.1 mV), specific ion
1
meter.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water
and is the direct responsibility of D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in Water.
NOTE 1—Aspecific ion meter that directly reads concentration may be
Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally
used.
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3868–04. DOI:
10.1520/D3868-09.
7.2 Fluoride Selective Electrode , reference electrode.
2
Additional information is contained in the following references: Hoke, S. H.,
Fletcher, G. E., and Collins, A. G., “Fluoride and Iodide Selective Electrodes
7.3 Microlitre Pipets.
Applied to Oilfield Brine Analysis,” U.S. Department of Energy, Report of
Investigations, BETC/RI-78/7. Rix, C. J., Bond,A. M., and Smith, J. D., “ District
8. Reagents
Determination of Fluoride in Sea Water with a Fluoride Selective Ion Electrode by
a Method of Standard Additions,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol 48, 1976, p. 1236.
8.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
allreagentsshallconformtothespecificationoftheCommittee
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D3868 − 09
4
TABLE 1 Determination of Precision and Bias
where such specificatio
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 3868–04 Designation: D 3868 – 09
Standard Test Method for
1
Fluoride Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3868; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of soluble fluoride ions in brackish water, seawater and brines by use of a
fluoride selective electrode.
1.2 Samples containing from 1.0 to 25 mg/L can be analyzed by this test method.
1.3
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D5847
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: —ForFor definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1129.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Afluoride selective electrode, reference electrode, and millivoltmeter are used to determine fluoride in brine samples by a
standard addition method.
4.2 The fluoride selective electrode consists of a lanthanum fluoride crystal that develops an electrode potential corresponding
to the level of fluoride ion in solution.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Identification of a brackish water, seawater, or brine is determined by comparison of the concentrations of their dissolved
constituents. The results are used to evaluate the origin of the water, determine if it is a possible pollutant, or if it is related to a
potential source of a valuable mineral. For example, in geochemical studies some correlation data indicate that fluoride is an
indirect indicator of the presence of lithium.
6. Interferences
6.1 Metal ions such as aluminum and iron (III) interfere with the fluoride determination by forming complexes with fluoride
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of SubcommiteeD19.05 D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
in Water .
Current edition approved March 1, 2004.May 15, 2009. Published April 2004.May 2009. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 19992004 as
D3868–95 (1999).D3868–04.
2
Additional information is contained in the following references: Hoke, S. H., Fletcher, G. E., and Collins,A. G., “Fluoride and Iodide Selective ElectrodesApplied to
Oilfield Brine Analysis,” U.S. Department of Energy, Report of Investigations, BETC/RI-78/7.
Rix, C. J., Bond,A. M., and Smith, J. D., “ District Determination of Fluoride in Sea Water with a Fluoride Selective Ion Electrode by a Method of StandardAdditions,”
Analytical Chemistry, Vol 48, 1976, p. 1236.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3868–09
ions. The buffer solution contains a complexing agent that preferentially complexes these metal ions. This solution also contains
a pH buffer to reduce electrode interference from hydroxide ions and to prevent the formation of HF. Sodium chloride is added
as ionic strength adjustor. Increasing amounts of aluminum, iron (III), and borate ions were added to 1.5 mg/Lfluoride solutions
and were found not to interfere up to 5, 350, and 250 mg/L (as boron), respectively.
7. Apparatus
7.1 Millivoltmeter (accurate to 6 0.1 mV), specific ion meter.
NOTE 1—A specific ion meter that directly reads concentration may be used.
7.2 Fluoride Selective Elect
...
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