ASTM B820-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bend Test for Determining the Formability of Copper and Copper Alloy Strip
Standard Test Method for Bend Test for Determining the Formability of Copper and Copper Alloy Strip
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This bend test provides information as to the formability or the ability of copper and copper alloy strip to resist cracking when being formed.
5.2 This test method can be used as a quality control tool to determine if material will form to a given radius.
5.3 This test method is also useful in research and development to provide data for use in selecting a spring material that will safely form to the geometry of a given part.
5.4 The results are suitable for direct application in design and manufacturing, only when all factors such as the geometry of the part, punch and die design, lubrication, stamping speed, and other material properties are known.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the technique of bend testing copper and copper alloy strip samples to determine product formability or the ability to resist cracking when forming a bend around a specific radius. The criterion for failure is the occurrence of cracks on the outer radius of curvature (convex).
1.2 This bend test is limited to strip from 0.003 to and including 0.031 in. thick. (0.076 to and including 0.79 mm).
1.3 The size of the forming radii used in this test shall be 0.005 to and including 0.250 in. (0.127 to and including 6.35 mm).
1.4 Units—Values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B820 − 14
StandardTest Method for
Bend Test for Determining the Formability of Copper and
1
Copper Alloy Strip
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B820; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.2 For definitions of terms related to mechanical testing,
refer to Terminology E6.
1.1 This test method describes the technique of bend testing
copper and copper alloy strip samples to determine product
3.3 Description of Terms Specific to This Standard:
formability or the ability to resist cracking when forming a 3.3.1 bend, longitudinal (or good way bend)—a bend with
bend around a specific radius. The criterion for failure is the
an axis perpendicular to the direction of rolling, drawing or
occurrenceofcracksontheouterradiusofcurvature(convex). extrusion (see Fig. 1).
1.2 This bend test is limited to strip from 0.003 to and
3.3.2 bend, transverse (or bad way bend)—a bend with an
including 0.031 in. thick. (0.076 to and including 0.79 mm). axis on a plane parallel to the direction of rolling, drawing or
extrusion (see Fig. 1).
1.3 The size of the forming radii used in this test shall be
0.005 to and including 0.250 in. (0.127 to and including 6.35
NOTE 1—The usage of these two terms is consistent withTest Methods
mm).
E290.
1.4 Units—Values stated in inch-pound units are to be
4. Summary of Test Method
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for 4.1 The bend test is made by applying a force transversely
information only and are not considered standard.
to the length of the specimen in the portion being bent, usually
at mid-length. The 90° bending forces are applied through an
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
arrangementillustratedinFig.2,while180°bendingforcesare
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
applied through an arrangement illustrated in Fig. 3. When
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
complete fracture does not occur, the convex surface of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
specimen is examined for cracks. In general, the test using a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
180° bend angle is a more severe test than the test using a 90°
2. Referenced Documents
bend angle.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B846Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys 5. Significance and Use
B950Guide for Editorial Procedures and Form of Product
5.1 Thisbendtestprovidesinformationastotheformability
Specifications for Copper and Copper Alloys
ortheabilityofcopperandcopperalloystriptoresistcracking
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
when being formed.
E290Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for Ductil-
5.2 This test method can be used as a quality control tool to
ity
determine if material will form to a given radius.
3. Terminology
5.3 This test method is also useful in research and develop-
3.1 For definitions of terms related to copper and copper
ment to provide data for use in selecting a spring material that
alloys, refer to Terminology B846.
will safely form to the geometry of a given part.
5.4 The results are suitable for direct application in design
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B05 on Copper
and manufacturing, only when all factors such as the geometry
and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.06 on
Methods of Test.
of the part, punch and die design, lubrication, stamping speed,
Current edition approved April 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originally
and other material properties are known.
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as B820–09. DOI:
10.1520/B0820-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6. Apparatus
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 Various devices are suitable for 90° or 180° bend
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. testing. The apparatus shall provide these features:
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B820 − 14
7.2 The test specimens may be prepared by cutting,
shearing, or stamping.
1 1
7.3 The test specimens shall have a width of ⁄2 6 ⁄16 in.
1
(12.7 61.57mm)andofanyconvenientlengthgreaterthan ⁄2
in. (12.7 mm) unless specified otherwise by p
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B820 − 09 B820 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Bend Test for Determining the Formability of Copper and
1
Copper Alloy Strip
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B820; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method describes the technique of bend testing copper and copper alloy strip samples to determine product
formability or the ability to resist cracking when forming a bend around a specific radius. The criterion for failure is the occurrence
of cracks on the outer radius of curvature (convex).
1.2 This bend test is limited to strip from 0.003 to and including 0.031 in. thick. (0.076 to and including 0.79 mm).
1.3 The size of the forming radii used in this test shall be 0.005 to and including 0.250 in. (0.127 to and including 6.35 mm).
1.4 Units—The values Values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units thatwhich are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys
B950 Guide for Editorial Procedures and Form of Product Specifications for Copper and Copper Alloys
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E290 Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for Ductility
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms related to copper and copper alloys, refer to Terminology B846, and for definitions of
terms relating to mechanical testing, refer to Terminology E6.
3.2 For definitions of terms related to mechanical testing, refer to Terminology E6.
3.3 Description of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.3.1 bend, longitudinal (or good way bend)—a bend with an axis perpendicular to the direction of rolling, drawing or extrusion
(see Fig. 1).
3.3.2 bend, transverse (or bad way bend)—a bend with an axis on a plane parallel to the direction of rolling, drawing or
extrusion (see Fig. 1).
NOTE 1—The usage of these two terms is consistent with Test MethodMethods E290.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The bend test is made by applying a force transversely to the length of the specimen in the portion being bent, usually at
mid-length. The 90° bending forces are applied through an arrangement illustrated in Fig. 2, while 180° bending forces are applied
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copper and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.06 on Methods
of Test.
Current edition approved April 1, 2009April 1, 2014. Published May 2009May 2014. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 19982009 as
ε1
B820 – 04B820 – 09. . DOI: 10.1520/B0820-09.10.1520/B0820-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B820 − 14
FIG. 1 DirectionDirection of Bending
FIG. 2 V-BlockV-Block and Punch for 90° Bend Test
through an arrangement illustrated in Fig. 3. When complete fracture does not occur, the convex surface of the specimen is
examined for cracks. In general, the test using a 180° bend angle is a more severe test than the test using a 90° bend angle.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This bend test provides information as to the formability or the ability of copper and copper alloy strip to resist cracking
when being formed.
5.2 This test method can be used as a quality control tool to determine if material will form to a given radius.
5.3 This test method is also useful in research and development to provide data for use in selecting a spring material that will
safely form to the geometry of a given
...
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