ASTM D4788-03

Standard Test Method for Detecting Delaminations in Bridge Decks Using Infrared Thermography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method may be used in conjunction with other test methods in determining the general condition of a bridge deck.  
Areas indicated as delaminated on overlaid bridge decks may be an indication of lack of bond between the overlay and the underlying bridge deck. This test method may be used in determining specific areas of delaminations requiring repair.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of delaminations in portland-cement concrete bridge decks using infrared thermography. This test method is intended for use on exposed and overlaid concrete bridge decks.
1.2 A Precision and Bias statement has not been developed at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.
Note 1—This test method can be used on asphalt or concrete overlays as thick as 4 in. (100 mm).
1.3 This test method uses an imaging infrared scanner and video recorder, mounted on a vehicle, to detect delaminations and debonded areas on bridge decks and to record the information.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Feb-2003
• ICS: 93.040 - Bridge construction
• Technical Committee: D04 - Road and Paving Materials
• Drafting Committee: D04.32 - Bridges and Structures

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4788-88(2001) - Standard Test Method for Detecting Delaminations in Bridge Decks Using Infrared Thermography
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D4788-03(2007) - Standard Test Method for Detecting Delaminations in Bridge Decks Using Infrared Thermography
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2007

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4788–03
Standard Test Method for
Detecting Delaminations in Bridge Decks Using Infrared
1
Thermography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4788; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope system during daytime testing. During nighttime testing, the
delaminations will appear as dark or “cooler’’ areas on a white
1.1 This test method covers the determination of delamina-
or “warmer’’ background. Delaminations will appear as the
tions in portland-cement concrete bridge decks using infrared
warmer colors on color scanner systems during daytime
thermography. This test method is intended for use on exposed
testing. Calibration of thermal anomalies using sounding tech-
and overlaid concrete bridge decks.
niques are used to determine the colors associated with
1.2 A Precision and Bias statement has not been developed
delaminations.
at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used for
3.2 The conventional video image is used to edit the
acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.
infrared image and separate those patches or surface defects
NOTE 1—This test method can be used on asphalt or concrete overlays
that may be present and may appear as hot areas.
as thick as 4 in. (100 mm).
3.3 The video recording is used to map the delaminated
1.3 This test method uses an imaging infrared scanner and
areas at a suitable scale.
video recorder, mounted on a vehicle, to detect delaminations
4. Significance and Use
and debonded areas on bridge decks and to record the
information.
4.1 This test method may be used in conjunction with other
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
test methods in determining the general condition of a bridge
as the standard.
deck.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 Areas indicated as delaminated on overlaid bridge decks
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
may be an indication of lack of bond between the overlay and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the underlying bridge deck. This test method may be used in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
determining specific areas of delaminations requiring repair.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 General—Inordertocollectdataonthearealextentand
2.1 ASTM Standards:
location of the delaminations, the following apparatus is
D 4580 Practice for Measuring Delaminations in Concrete
required:
2
Bridge Decks by Sounding
5.1.1 Infrared Scanner—An imaging infrared scanner hav-
ing a minimum thermal resolution of 0.2 Celsius degrees under
3. Summary of Test Method
ambient air conditions. The scanner shall be mounted on the
3.1 The vehicle-mounted infrared scanner and video re-
front of the vehicle at a height sufficient to allow a minimum
corder is driven over the center of each lane of a bridge deck.
image width of 14 ft (4.3 m). The scanner shall be capable of
The data from the scanner is recorded on video tape. Delami-
producing a television-compatible image.
nations appear as white or “hot’’ areas on a gray or “cooler’’
5.1.2 Video Recorders capable of reproducing a thermal
background in the video image on a monochrome scanner
imageoraconventionalvideoimage.Eachdeviceshallhaveat
least one audio channel available and provide a minimum
resolution of 240 lines per inch. Two are required.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
5.1.3 VideoCamera—Aconventionalvideocameracapable
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.32 on
of viewing a minimum image of 14 ft (4.3 m) and producing a
Bridges and Structures.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originally
color video signal that can be recorded on a standard video
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 4788-88 (2001).
recorder.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
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D4788–03
5.1.4 Distance Measuring Device having an accuracy of 6.8 Survey the entire bridge deck by making one pass per
63 in. (76 mm) over the longest span in the deck. The output lane. When shoulder areas are wider than 3 ft (1 m) make a
of this device shall be recorded by both the infrared video separate pass along the shoulder.
recorder and the conventional video recorder. 6.9 Collect data at speeds no greater
...