ASTM C373-88(2006)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water Absorption, Bulk Density, Apparent Porosity, and Apparent Specific Gravity of Fired Whiteware Products
Standard Test Method for Water Absorption, Bulk Density, Apparent Porosity, and Apparent Specific Gravity of Fired Whiteware Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Measurement of density, porosity, and specific gravity is a tool for determining the degree of maturation of a ceramic body, or for determining structural properties that may be required for a given application.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining water absorption, bulk density, apparent porosity, and apparent specific gravity of fired unglazed whiteware products.
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C373 −88(Reapproved2006)
Standard Test Method for
Water Absorption, Bulk Density, Apparent Porosity, and
1
Apparent Specific Gravity of Fired Whiteware Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C373; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope much of the surface freshly fractured as is practical. Sharp
edgesorcornersshallberemoved.Thespecimensshallcontain
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining
no cracks.The individual test specimens shall weigh at least 50
water absorption, bulk density, apparent porosity, and apparent
g.
specific gravity of fired unglazed whiteware products.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5. Procedure
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Dry the test specimens to constant mass (Note 1)by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
heating in an oven at 150°C (302°F), followed by cooling in a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
desiccator. Determine the dry mass, D, to the nearest 0.01 g.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—The drying of the specimens to constant mass and the
2. Significance and Use
determination of their masses may be done either before or after the
specimens have been impregnated with water. Usually the dry mass is
2.1 Measurement of density, porosity, and specific gravity is
determined before impregnation. However, if the specimens are friable or
a tool for determining the degree of maturation of a ceramic
evidence indicates that particles have broken loose during the
body, or for determining structural properties that may be impregnation, the specimens shall be dried and weighed after the
suspended mass and the saturated mass have been determined, in
required for a given application.
accordance with 5.3 and 5.4. In this case, the second dry mass shall be
used in all appropriate calculations.
3. Apparatus and Materials
5.2 Place the specimens in a pan of distilled water and boil
3.1 Balance, of adequate capacity, suitable to weigh accu-
for 5 h, taking care that the specimens are covered with water
rately to 0.01 g.
at all times. Use setter pins or some similar device to separate
3.2 Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of 150 6
the specimens from the bottom and sides of the pan and from
5°C (302 6 9°F).
each other. After the 5-h boil, allow the specimens to soak for
3.3 Wire Loop, Halter, or Basket , capable of supporting
an additional 24 h.
specimens under water for making suspended mass measure-
5.3 After impregnation of the test specimens, determine to
ments.
the nearest 0.01 g the mass, S, of each specimen while
3.4 Container—A glass beaker or similar container of such
suspended in water. Perform the weighing by placing the
size and shape that the sample, when suspended from the
specimen in a wire loop, halter, or basket that is suspended
balance by the wire loop, specified in 3.3, is completely
from one arm of the balance. Before actually weighing,
immersed in water with the sample and the wire loop being
counterbalance the scale with the loop, halter, or basket in
completely free of contact with any part of the container.
place and immerse in water to the same depth as is used when
the specimens are in place. If it is desired to determine only the
3.5 Pan, in which the specimens may be boiled.
percentage of water absorption, omit the suspended mass
3.6 Distilled Water.
operation.
4. Test Specimens
5.4 After the determination of the suspended mass or after
impregnation, if the suspended mass is not determined, blot
4.1 At least five representative test specimens shall be
each specimen lightly with a moistened, lint-free linen or
selected. The specimens shall be unglazed and shall have as
cotton cloth to remove all excess water from the surface, and
1
determine the saturated mass,M, to the nearest 0.01 g. Perform
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic
Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
the blotting operation by rolling the specimen lightly on the
C21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.
wet cloth, which shall previously have been saturated with
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2006. Published February 2006. Originally
water and then pressed only enough to remove such water as
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C373 – 88 (1999).
DOI: 10.1520/C0373-88R06. will drip from the cloth. Excessive blotting will introduce error
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