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ASTM F2099-01(2014)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Use of Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Grids When Preparing and Using a Field Map for Land Search

Standard Guide for Use of Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Grids When Preparing and Using a Field Map for Land Search

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The base map, field maps, and the UTM grid lines are used during search operations to ensure that field personnel and the command post can accurately communicate specific position information in the search area.  
4.2 Section 5 verifies if the UTM grid lines are on the base map or not. If the UTM grid lines are not on the base map, Section 5 describes how to draw them on the map.  
4.3 Section 6 establishes how to set up and prepare field maps for personnel to use in the field.  
4.4 Section 7 describes the uniform way of determining and communicating UTM coordinates.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes one method of setting up a Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid system on a base map for transfer to a field map.  
1.2 This guide provides a uniform way of communicating UTM coordinates.  
1.3 This guide is intended to be used with United States Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-min quadrangle topographical maps with a scale of 1:24 000, with or without UTM grid lines.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2014
ICS
07.060 - Geology. Meteorology. Hydrology
Technical Committee
F32 - Search and Rescue
Drafting Committee
F32.02 - Management and Operations
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F2099-01(2007) - Standard Guide for Use of Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Grids When Preparing and Using a Field Map for Land Search
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Replaced By
ASTM F2099-01(2020) - Standard Guide for Use of Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Grids When Preparing and Using a Field Map for Land Search
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Referred By
ASTM F1422-08(2020) - Standard Guide for Using the Incident Command System Framework in Managing Search and Rescue Operations
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014

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ASTM F2099-01(2014) - Standard Guide for Use of Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Grids When Preparing and Using a Field Map for Land SearchASTM F2099-01(2014) - Standard Guide for Use of Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Grids When Preparing and Using a Field Map for Land Search
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ASTM F2099-01(2014) - Standard Guide for Use of Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Grids When Preparing and Using a Field Map for Land Search
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2099 − 01 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
Use of Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Grids When
Preparing and Using a Field Map for Land Search
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2099; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope minimum, lines representing at least two adjacent sides of a
1000-m square, with the lines subdivided into tenths.
1.1 This guide describes one method of setting up a Uni-
3.1.3 Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), n—a rectan-
versal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid system on a base map
gular grid system that covers the earth between latitude 80°
for transfer to a field map.
South and latitude 84° North.
1.2 This guide provides a uniform way of communicating
3.1.4 UTM grid lines, n—a series of straight lines that
UTM coordinates.
connect the UTM tick marks having identical numbers on the
1.3 This guide is intended to be used with United States
top and bottom of the map, as well as a series of lines that
Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-min quadrangle topographical
similarly connect the left and right side UTM tick marks.
maps with a scale of 1:24 000, with or without UTM grid lines.
3.1.5 UTM tick marks, n—small vertical or horizontal lines
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
on 1:24 000 USGS maps, light blue in color, approximately 0.3
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
cm ( ⁄8 in.) in length spaced 1000 m (1 km) (scale) apart.
standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 The base map, field maps, and the UTM grid lines are
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
usedduringsearchoperationstoensurethatfieldpersonneland
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the command post can accurately communicate specific posi-
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
tion information in the search area.
4.2 Section 5 verifies if the UTM grid lines are on the base
2. Referenced Documents
map or not. If the UTM grid lines are not on the base map,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Section 5 describes how to draw them on the map.
F1846 Practice for Symbols and Markings for Use With
4.3 Section 6 establishes how to set up and prepare field
Land Search Maps
maps for personnel to use in the field.
3. Terminology 4.4 Section 7 describes the uniform way of determining and
communicating UTM coordinates.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 field map, n—a copy of a base map or portion thereof
5. Verifying and Drawing UTM Grid Lines
provided to search and rescue field teams or crews.
5.1 Obtain the USGS quadrangle map (7.5 min or 1:24 000)
3.1.2 grid overlay, n—a transparent piece of material used
with the area that is to be copied. Review the map to see if
for interpolating UTM coordinates on a USGS topographical
UTM grid lines are marked on the map. If so, proceed to
map. For a 1:24 000 scale map, the overlay contains, as a
Section 6, otherwise continue with 5.2.
5.2 Obtain a straightedge long enough to connect opposite
UTM tick marks and which can be used to draw full-length
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and
straight lines in a single stroke, and a pen or pencil. Continue
Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.02 on Management and
Operations.
with 5.3.
Current edition approved March 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originally
5.3 Drawing Horizontal and Vertical UTM Grid Lines:
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F2099 – 01 (2007).
DOI: 10.1520/F2099-01R14.
5.3.1 Starting at the top or bottom of the map, align the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
straightedge on the UTM tick marks at the left and right sides
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
of the map, ensuring the numbers are the same. In a single
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. stroke, draw a line connecting the tick marks. Move the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2099 − 01 (2014)
straightedge to the next set of UTM tick marks and again draw transfer the last two (large) digits of the corresponding UTM
a single line connecting them. Continue this process until all coordinates from the top or bottom of the map to the tape.
horizontal lines are drawn.
6.6 Wherever the tape along the left edge of the copy area
5.3.2 Starting at either side of the map, align the straight-
crosses a horizontal line connecting UTM tick marks, transfer
edge on the UTM tick marks at the top and bottom of the map,
the last two (large) digits of the corresponding UTM coordi-
ensuring the numbers are the same. In a single stroke, draw a
nates from the left or right side of the map to the tape.
line connecting the tick marks. Move the straightedge to the
6.7 Place the marked area of the map on the copy machine,
next set of UTM tick marks and again draw a single line
with the lower left corner of the tape being the reference
connecting them. Continue this process until all vertical lines
corner. Ensure that the information transferred to the tape
are drawn.
appears within the copy area, considering that the copy
5.4 When possible, maps should be reviewed and grid lines
machine may not copy completely to the edges of the original.
drawn on the maps before being used on a search so that the
6.8 Make copies as needed for the anticipated size of the
procedure in 5.3 does not have to be performed during the
incident.
search.
6. Preparing UTM Coordinates on a Base Map for
7. Reading the UTM Coordinates for Search and Rescue
Copying to a Field Map
Operations
6.1 Position a sheet of paper, the same size as the paper onto
7.1 Reading the
...

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1.1.2 This test method is applicable for meteorological measurements at the earth's surface, for the purpose of the testing of materials, and for the determination of the relative humidity of most standard atmospheres and test atmospheres.  
1.1.3 This test method is also applicable when the temperature of the wet bulb only is required. In this case, the instrument comprises a wet-bulb thermometer only.  
1.1.4 Relative humidity (RH) does not denote a unit. Uncertainties in the relative humidity are expressed in the form RH ± rh %, which means that the relative humidity is expected to lie in the range (RH − rh) % to (RH  + rh) %, where RH is the observed relative humidity. All uncertainties are at the 95 % confidence level.  
1.2 Method A—Psychrometer Ventilated by Aspiration:  
1.2.1 This method incorporates the psychrometer ventilated by aspiration. The aspirated psychrometer is more accurate than the sling (whirling) psychrometer (see Method B), and it offers advantages in regard to the space which it requires, the possibility of using alternative types of thermometers (for example, electrical), easier shielding of thermometer bulbs from extraneous radiation, accidental breakage, and convenience.  
1.2.2 This method is applicable within the ambient temperature range 5 °C to 80 °C, wet-bulb temperatures not lower than 1 °C, and restricted to ambient pressures not differing from standard atmospheric pressure by more than 30 %.  
1.3 Method B—Psychrometer Ventilated by Whirling (Sling Psychrometer):  
1.3.1 This method incorporates the psychrometer ventilated by whirling (sling psychrometer).  
1.3.2 This method is applicable within the ambient temperature range 5 °C to 50 °C, wet-bulb temperatures not lower than 1 °C and restricted to ambient pressures not differing from standard atmospheric pressure by more than 30 %.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For more specific safety precautionary statements, see 8.1 and 15.1.)  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1367-03(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 General:  
5.1.1 Sediment provides habitat for many aquatic organisms and is a major repository for many of the more persistent chemicals that are introduced into surface waters. In the aquatic environment, most anthropogenic chemicals and waste materials including toxic organic and inorganic chemicals eventually accumulate in sediment. Mounting evidences exists of environmental degradation in areas where USEPA Water Quality Criteria (WQC; Stephan et al.(66)) are not exceeded, yet organisms in or near sediments are adversely affected Chapman, 1989  (67). The WQC were developed to protect organisms in the water column and were not directed toward protecting organisms in sediment. Concentrations of contaminants in sediment may be several orders of magnitude higher than in the overlying water; however, whole sediment concentrations have not been strongly correlated to bioavailability Burton, 1991 (68). Partitioning or sorption of a compound between water and sediment may depend on many factors including: aqueous solubility, pH, redox, affinity for sediment organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon, grain size of the sediment, sediment mineral constituents (oxides of iron, manganese, and aluminum), and the quantity of acid volatile sulfides in sediment Di Toro et al. 1991(69) Giesy et al. 1988 (70). Although certain chemicals are highly sorbed to sediment, these compounds may still be available to the biota. Chemicals in sediments may be directly toxic to aquatic life or can be a source of chemicals for bioaccumulation in the food chain.  
5.1.2 The objective of a sediment test is to determine whether chemicals in sediment are harmful to or are bioaccumulated by benthic organisms. The tests can be used to measure interactive toxic effects of complex chemical mixtures in sediment. Furthermore, knowledge of specific pathways of interactions among sediments and test organisms is not necessary to conduct the tests Kemp et al. 1988, (71). Sediment tests can be used ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing estuarine or marine organisms in the laboratory to evaluate the toxicity of contaminants associated with whole sediments. Sediments may be collected from the field or spiked with compounds in the laboratory. General guidance is presented in Sections 1 – 15 for conducting sediment toxicity tests with estuarine or marine amphipods. Specific guidance for conducting 10-d sediment toxicity tests with estuarine or marine amphipods is outlined in Annex A1 and specific guidance for conducting 28-d sediment toxicity tests with  Leptocheirus plumulosus is outlined in Annex A2.  
1.2 Procedures are described for testing estuarine or marine amphipod crustaceans in 10-d laboratory exposures to evaluate the toxicity of contaminants associated with whole sediments (Annex A1; USEPA 1994a (1)). Sediments may be collected from the field or spiked with compounds in the laboratory. A toxicity method is outlined for four species of estuarine or marine sediment-burrowing amphipods found within United States coastal waters. The species are Ampelisca abdita, a marine species that inhabits marine and mesohaline portions of the Atlantic coast, the Gulf of Mexico, and San Francisco Bay; Eohaustorius estuarius, a Pacific coast estuarine species; Leptocheirus plumulosus, an Atlantic coast estuarine species; and Rhepoxynius abronius , a Pacific coast marine species. Generally, the method described may be applied to all four species, although acclimation procedures and some test conditions (that is, temperature and salinity) will be species-specific (Sections 12 and Annex A1). The toxicity test is conducted in 1-L glass chambers containing 175 mL of sediment and 775 mL of overlying seawater. Exposure is static (that is, water is not renewed), and the animals are not fed over the 10-d exposure period. The endpoint in the toxicity test is survival with reburial of surviving amphipods as an additional m...

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