ASTM D3402/D3402M-93(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tumbler Test for Coke
Standard Test Method for Tumbler Test for Coke
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Coke undergoes various degrees of degradation during removal from coke ovens, transportation, and its decent within a blast furnace to the combustion zone. These processes subject the coke to impact and abrasion. This test method is a relative measure of the resistance of coke to breakage when subjected to these degradation processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for obtaining a relative measure of the resistance to degradation of coke by impact and abrasion.
1.2 Standard Procedure—This procedure uses a coke sample sized to −75 mm [−3 in.] and + 50 mm [ + 2 in.].
1.3 Alternative Procedure—This procedure using coke sized 50 % of 63 by 50 mm [2½ by 2 in.] and 50 % of 50 by 37.5 mm [2 by 1 ½ in.].
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D3402/D3402M − 93(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Tumbler Test for Coke
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3402/D3402M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope cokeaftertreatment.Studieshaveindicatedthatthereisnoreal
difference in the stability factor as determined by the standard
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for obtaining a
and alternative procedures.The alternative procedure produces
relative measure of the resistance to degradation of coke by
hardness factor results averaging slightly higher than the
impact and abrasion.
standard procedure.
1.2 Standard Procedure—This procedure uses a coke
sample sized to−75 mm [−3 in.] and+50 mm [+2 in.].
4. Significance and Use
1.3 AlternativeProcedure—Thisprocedureusingcokesized
4.1 Coke undergoes various degrees of degradation during
50%of63by50mm[2 ⁄2 by 2 in.] and 50% of 50 by 37.5
removal from coke ovens, transportation, and its decent within
mm [2 by 1 ⁄2 in.].
ablastfurnacetothecombustionzone.Theseprocessessubject
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
the coke to impact and abrasion. This test method is a relative
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
measure of the resistance of coke to breakage when subjected
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
to these degradation processes.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
5. Apparatus
with the standard.
5.1 Tumbler Machine (see Fig. 1)—The tumbler machine
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
consistingofacylindricalsteeldrum910mm[36in.]ininside
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
diameterand455mm[18in.]ininsidewidthandmadeofplate
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
at least 6 mm [ ⁄4 in.] thick. The machine may be constructed
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
asadoubledrummountedonacommonshaftsothatduplicate
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
coke samples may be tested at the same time. Two equally
spaced 50 by 50 by 6-mm [2 by 2 by ⁄4-in. ] steel angles
2. Referenced Documents
extending across the width of each drum are solidly fastened
2.1 ASTM Standards:
inside each drum as shown. These angles are fastened to the
D294Method of Tumbler Test for Coke
shell so that the attached legs point away from the direction of
D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke
rotation, thus giving a clear unobstructed shelf for lifting the
Samples for Laboratory Analysis
coke. At least one door must be provided in each drum for
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
charging and discharging the coke sample. This door prefer-
Sieves
ablyshouldextendnearlyacrossthewidthofeachdrum.Asan
alternative, a door in the side of the drum is permissible.
3. Summary of Test Method
During the test the door must be fastened rigidly to the shell
3.1 Asample of dry coke of designated size is tumbled in a
andmustfitintotheshellinordertohaveasmoothcontinuous
rotating drum at a specified turning rate for a specified number
inner surface. A dust-tight gasket must be provided to prevent
of revolutions. Two indexes of its strength, the stability factor
lossoftheabradedfinesduringthetest.Toprovideforrotation,
andthehardnessfactor,aredeterminedbysieveanalysisofthe
the drum is mounted on stub axles about 37.5 mm [1 ⁄2 in.] in
diameter by means of flanges welded or bolted to the ends of
the drum providing smooth inner surfaces. It is desirable that
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal
the apparatus be fitted with a revolution counter and preferably
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on Metallurgical
beequippedwithanautomaticdevicetostopthedrumafterthe
Properties of Coal and Coke.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published February 2009. Originally
specified number of revolutions (1400). The tumbler drum
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D3402–93(2001).
mustbereplacedwhenthewearreducedthethicknessto3mm
DOI: 10.1520/D3402_D3402M-93R08.
[ ⁄8 in.] in any area.The lift angles must be replaced when they
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org. wear to less than 48 mm [1 ⁄8 in.].
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3402/D3402M − 93 (2008)
FIG. 1 Tumbler Test Apparatus
5.2 Sieves, for sieving the coke before and after the tumbler larger pieces, in order to obtain a sample that will pass the
test. Square-mesh sieves having 75-mm [3-in.], 63-mm [2 ⁄2- 75-mm sieve and be retained on the 50-mm sieve. In sizing the
in.], 50-mm [2-in.], 37.5-mm [1 ⁄2-in.], 25-mm [1-in.], and sample, hand place to determine whether in any position a
63-mm [ ⁄4-in.] actual openings between the wires to be used. piece of coke passes the sieve. If it is necessary to crush large
The sieves shall conform to Specification E11. coke(+75mmor[+3in.])inordertoobtainsufficientcokefor
testing it so note in the report. Dry the coke to less than 1%
NOTE1—User’sattentioniscalledtothefactthatyieldsofcertainsizes
moisture.
that determine the stability and hardness factors of 75 by 50
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3402–93 (Reapproved 2001) Designation: D 3402/D 3402M – 93
(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Tumbler Test for Coke
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3402/D3402M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for obtaining a relative measure of the resistance to degradation of coke by impact
and abrasion.
1.2 Standard Procedure—This procedure uses a coke sample sized to−75 mm (−3 in.)[−3 in.] and+50 mm (+2 in.). [+2 in.].
1.3 Alternative Procedure—This procedure using coke sized 50% of 63 by 50 mm (2 ⁄2 by 2 in.) and 50% of 50 by 37.5 mm
(2 by 1 ⁄2 in.).
1.4The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as standard. Inch-pound units shall be accepted on an equivalent basis. —This
1 1
procedure using coke sized 50% of 63 by 50 mm [2 ⁄2 by 2 in.] and 50% of 50 by 37.5 mm [2 by 1 ⁄2 in.].
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D293Test Method for the Sieve Analysis of Coke
D294 Tumbler Test for Coke Method of Test for Tumbler Test for Coke
D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke Samples for Laboratory Analysis
D4621Guide for Quality Mangament in an Organization that Samples or Tests Coal and Coke Practice for Collection and
Preparation of Coke Samples for Laboratory Analysis
E11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes
E323Specification for Perforated-Plate Sieves for Testing Purposes Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing
Purposes
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Asample of dry coke of designated size is tumbled in a rotating drum at a specified turning rate for a specified number of
revolutions. Two indexes of its strength, the stability factor and the hardness factor, are determined by sieve analysis of the coke
after treatment. Studies have indicated that there is no real difference in the stability factor as determined by the standard and
alternative procedures. The alternative procedure produces hardness factor results averaging slightly higher than the standard
procedure.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Cokeundergoesvariousdegreesofdegradationduringremovalfromcokeovens,transportation,anditsdecentwithinablast
furnace to the combustion zone. These processes subject the coke to impact and abrasion. This test method is a relative measure
of the resistance of coke to breakage when subjected to these degradation processes.
5. Apparatus
5.1 TumblerMachine(seeFig.1)—Thetumblermachineconsistingofacylindricalsteeldrum910mm(36in.)[36in.]ininside
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD05onCoalandCokeandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD05.15onPlasticityandSwelling
of Coal.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 1993. Published March 1993. Originally published as D3402–75. Last previous edition D3402–81.on Metallurgical Properties of Coal
and Coke.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published February 2009. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D3402–93(2001).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3402/D 3402M – 93 (2008)
FIG. 1 Tumbler Test Apparatus
diameter and 455 mm (18 in.)[18 in.] in inside width and made of plate at least 6 mm ([ ⁄4 in.)in.] thick. The machine may be
constructed as a double drum mounted on a common shaft so that duplicate coke samples may be tested at the same time. Two
equally spaced 50 by 50 by 6-mm (2[2 by 2 by ⁄4-in. )] steel angles extending across the width of each drum are solidly fastened
insideeachdrumasshown.Theseanglesarefastenedtotheshellsothattheattachedlegspointawayfromthedirectionofrotation,
thus giving a clear unobstructed shelf for lifting the coke. At least one door must be provided in each drum for charging and
discharging the coke sample. This door preferably should extend nearly across the width of each drum.As an alternative, a door
in the side of the drum is permissible. During the test the door must be fastened rigidly to the shell and must fit into the shell in
order to have a smooth continuous inner surface.Adust-tight gasket must be provided to prevent loss of the abraded fines during
the test.To provide for rotation, the drum is mounted on stub axles about 37.5 mm (1[1 ⁄2 in.)in.] in diameter by means of flanges
welded or bolted to the ends of the drum providing smooth inner surfaces. It is desirable that the apparatus be fitted with a
revolution counter and preferably be equipped with an automatic device to stop the drum after the specified number of revolutions
(1400). The tumbler drum must be replaced when the wear reduced the thickness to 3 mm ([ ⁄8 in.)in.] in any area. The lift angles
must be replaced when they wear to less than 48 mm (1[1 ⁄8 in.). in.].
5.2 Sieves, for sieving the coke before and after the tumbler test. Square-mesh sieves having 75-mm (3-in.),[3-in.], 63-mm
1 1 1
(2[2 ⁄2-in.),-in.], 50-mm (2-in.),[2-in.], 37.5-mm (1[1 ⁄2-in.),-in.], 25-mm (1-in.),[1-in.], and 63-mm ([ ⁄4-in.)-in.] actual openings
between the wires to be used. The sieves shall conform to Specification E11.
NO
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