ASTM D3402/D3402M-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tumbler Test for Coke
Standard Test Method for Tumbler Test for Coke
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Coke undergoes various degrees of degradation during removal from coke ovens, transportation, and its decent within a blast furnace to the combustion zone. These processes subject the coke to impact and abrasion. This test method is a relative measure of the resistance of coke to breakage when subjected to these degradation processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for obtaining a relative measure of the resistance to degradation of coke by impact and abrasion.
1.2 Standard Procedure—This procedure uses a coke sample sized to −75 mm [−3 in.] and + 50 mm [ + 2 in.].
1.3 Alternative Procedure—This procedure using coke sized 50 % of 63 by 50 mm [21/2 by 2 in.] and 50 % of 50 by 37.5 mm [2 by 11/2 in.].
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3402/D3402M − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Tumbler Test for Coke
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3402/D3402M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Asample of dry coke of designated size is tumbled in a
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for obtaining a
rotating drum at a specified turning rate for a specified number
relative measure of the resistance to degradation of coke by
of revolutions. Two indexes of its strength, the stability factor
impact and abrasion.
andthehardnessfactor,aredeterminedbysieveanalysisofthe
1.2 Standard Procedure—This procedure uses a coke
cokeaftertreatment.Studieshaveindicatedthatthereisnoreal
sample sized to−75 mm [−3 in.] and+50 mm [+2 in.].
difference in the stability factor as determined by the standard
and alternative procedures.The alternative procedure produces
1.3 AlternativeProcedure—Thisprocedureusingcokesized
hardness factor results averaging slightly higher than the
1
50%of63by50mm[2 ⁄2 by 2 in.] and 50% of 50 by
standard procedure.
1
37.5mm [2 by 1 ⁄2 in.].
4. Significance and Use
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
4.1 Coke undergoes various degrees of degradation during
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
removal from coke ovens, transportation, and its decent within
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
ablastfurnacetothecombustionzone.Theseprocessessubject
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
the coke to impact and abrasion. This test method is a relative
with the standard.
measure of the resistance of coke to breakage when subjected
to these degradation processes.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Tumbler Machine (see Fig. 1)—The tumbler machine
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
consistingofacylindricalsteeldrum910mm[36in.]ininside
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
diameterand455mm[18in.]ininsidewidthandmadeofplate
1
at least 6 mm [ ⁄4 in.] thick. The machine may be constructed
2. Referenced Documents
asadoubledrummountedonacommonshaftsothatduplicate
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
coke samples may be tested at the same time. Two equally
1
D294Method of Test for Tumbler Test for Coke; Replaced spaced 50 by 50 by 6 mm [2 by 2 by ⁄4 in.] steel angles
3
by D3402 (Withdrawn 1975)
extending across the width of each drum are solidly fastened
D346/D346MPractice for Collection and Preparation of inside each drum as shown. These angles are fastened to the
Coke Samples for Laboratory Analysis
shell so that the attached legs point away from the direction of
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest rotation, thus giving a clear unobstructed shelf for lifting the
Sieves coke. At least one door must be provided in each drum for
charging and discharging the coke sample. This door prefer-
ablyshouldextendnearlyacrossthewidthofeachdrum.Asan
alternative, a door in the side of the drum is permissible.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal
During the test the door must be fastened rigidly to the shell
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on Metallurgical
Properties of Coal and Coke.
andmustfitintotheshellinordertohaveasmoothcontinuous
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally
inner surface. A dust-tight gasket must be provided to prevent
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3402/
lossoftheabradedfinesduringthetest.Toprovideforrotation,
D3402M–93(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D3402_D3402M-16.
1
2
the drum is mounted on stub axles about 37.5 mm [1 ⁄2 in.] in
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
diameter by means of flanges welded or bolted to the ends of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the drum providing smooth inner surfaces. It is desirable that
the ASTM website.
3
theapparatusbefittedwitharevolutioncounterandpreferably
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. beequippedwithan
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3402/D3402M − 93 (Reapproved 2008) D3402/D3402M − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Tumbler Test for Coke
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3402/D3402M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for obtaining a relative measure of the resistance to degradation of coke by impact
and abrasion.
1.2 Standard Procedure—This procedure uses a coke sample sized to −75 mm [−3 in.] and + 50 mm [ + 2 in.].
1
1.3 Alternative Procedure—This procedure using coke sized 50 % of 63 by 50 mm [2 ⁄2 by 2 in.] and 50 % of 50 by 37.5 mm
1
37.5 mm [2 by 1 ⁄2 in.].
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D294 Method of Test for Tumbler Test for CokeCoke; Replaced by D 3402 (Withdrawn 1975)
D346D346/D346M Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke Samples for Laboratory Analysis
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A sample of dry coke of designated size is tumbled in a rotating drum at a specified turning rate for a specified number of
revolutions. Two indexes of its strength, the stability factor and the hardness factor, are determined by sieve analysis of the coke
after treatment. Studies have indicated that there is no real difference in the stability factor as determined by the standard and
alternative procedures. The alternative procedure produces hardness factor results averaging slightly higher than the standard
procedure.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Coke undergoes various degrees of degradation during removal from coke ovens, transportation, and its decent within a blast
furnace to the combustion zone. These processes subject the coke to impact and abrasion. This test method is a relative measure
of the resistance of coke to breakage when subjected to these degradation processes.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Tumbler Machine (see Fig. 1)—The tumbler machine consisting of a cylindrical steel drum 910 mm [36 in.] in inside
1
diameter and 455 mm [18 in.] in inside width and made of plate at least 6 mm [ ⁄4 in.] thick. The machine may be constructed as
a double drum mounted on a common shaft so that duplicate coke samples may be tested at the same time. Two equally spaced
1
50 by 50 by 6-mm 6 mm [2 by 2 by ⁄4-in. ] in.] steel angles extending across the width of each drum are solidly fastened inside
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on Metallurgical Properties
of Coal and Coke.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008April 1, 2016. Published February 2009April 2016. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 20012008 as
D3402 – 93D3402/D3402M – 93(2001).(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D3402_D3402M-93R08. 10.1520/D3402_D3402M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3402/D3402M − 16
FIG. 1 Tumbler Test Apparatus
each drum as shown. These angles are fastened to the shell so that the attached legs point away from the direction of rotation, thus
giving a clear unobstructed shelf for lifting the coke. At least one door must be provided in each drum for charging and discharging
the coke sample. This door preferably should extend near
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3402/D3402M − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Tumbler Test for Coke
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3402/D3402M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A sample of dry coke of designated size is tumbled in a
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for obtaining a
rotating drum at a specified turning rate for a specified number
relative measure of the resistance to degradation of coke by
of revolutions. Two indexes of its strength, the stability factor
impact and abrasion.
and the hardness factor, are determined by sieve analysis of the
1.2 Standard Procedure—This procedure uses a coke
coke after treatment. Studies have indicated that there is no real
sample sized to −75 mm [−3 in.] and + 50 mm [ + 2 in.].
difference in the stability factor as determined by the standard
and alternative procedures. The alternative procedure produces
1.3 Alternative Procedure—This procedure using coke sized
hardness factor results averaging slightly higher than the
1
50 % of 63 by 50 mm [2 ⁄2 by 2 in.] and 50 % of 50 by
standard procedure.
1
37.5 mm [2 by 1 ⁄2 in.].
4. Significance and Use
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
4.1 Coke undergoes various degrees of degradation during
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
removal from coke ovens, transportation, and its decent within
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
a blast furnace to the combustion zone. These processes subject
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
the coke to impact and abrasion. This test method is a relative
with the standard.
measure of the resistance of coke to breakage when subjected
to these degradation processes.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Tumbler Machine (see Fig. 1)—The tumbler machine
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
consisting of a cylindrical steel drum 910 mm [36 in.] in inside
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
diameter and 455 mm [18 in.] in inside width and made of plate
1
at least 6 mm [ ⁄4 in.] thick. The machine may be constructed
2. Referenced Documents
as a double drum mounted on a common shaft so that duplicate
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: coke samples may be tested at the same time. Two equally
1
D294 Method of Test for Tumbler Test for Coke; Replaced
spaced 50 by 50 by 6 mm [2 by 2 by ⁄4 in.] steel angles
3
by D 3402 (Withdrawn 1975) extending across the width of each drum are solidly fastened
D346/D346M Practice for Collection and Preparation of
inside each drum as shown. These angles are fastened to the
Coke Samples for Laboratory Analysis shell so that the attached legs point away from the direction of
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
rotation, thus giving a clear unobstructed shelf for lifting the
Sieves coke. At least one door must be provided in each drum for
charging and discharging the coke sample. This door prefer-
ably should extend nearly across the width of each drum. As an
alternative, a door in the side of the drum is permissible.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal
During the test the door must be fastened rigidly to the shell
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on Metallurgical
Properties of Coal and Coke. and must fit into the shell in order to have a smooth continuous
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally
inner surface. A dust-tight gasket must be provided to prevent
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3402/
loss of the abraded fines during the test. To provide for rotation,
D3402M – 93(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D3402_D3402M-16.
1
2
the drum is mounted on stub axles about 37.5 mm [1 ⁄2 in.] in
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
diameter by means of flanges welded or bolted to the ends of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the drum providing smooth inner surfaces. It is desirable that
the ASTM website.
3 the apparatus be fitted with a revolution counter and preferably
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. be equipped with an automat
...
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