ASTM D3875-97

Standard Test Method for Alkalinity in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of alkalinity in brackish water, seawater, and brines.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-1997
• ICS: 13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.05 - Inorganic Constituents in Water

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D3875-03 - Standard Test Method for Alkalinity in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact
ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 3875 – 97
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
1
Alkalinity in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3875; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5.2 An alkalinity value is necessary in the calculation of
carbonate scaling tendencies of saline waters. It is also neces-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of alkalinity
sary to determine the alkalinity if the ionic balance of a water
in brackish water, seawater, and brines.
analysis is to be used as a check of the reliability of the
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
analysis.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6. Interferences
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6.1 Anions other than bicarbonate, carbonate, or hydroxide
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ions that form weakly dissociated acids that participate in
2. Referenced Documents hydrolysis reactions may also contribute to the alkalinity as
may some organic materials. The user of this test method on
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
determining the alkalinity is cautioned that all the effects of the
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
2 anions entering into hydrolysis reactions are combined and
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
2
reported as an equivalent amount of a single substance or two
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water
postulated ions. Included in the reported value is the alkalinity
E 200 Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Stor-
resulting from the presence of borate, silicate, sulfide, and
age of Standard and Reagent Solutions for Chemical
3 phosphate. The effect of borate on the alkalinity value is
Analysis
considered negligible for waters with pH values of 7 or less.
3. Terminology
7. Apparatus
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
7.1 Electrotitrator or Standard pH Meter with suitable
method, refer to Terminology D 1129.
electrodes. Maintenance and standardization of electrodes and
4. Summary of Test Method
pH meter should follow manufacturer’s instructions because
performance can be affected by improper treatment.
4.1 An electrotitrator or pH meter is used to determine the
7.2 Buret, 10-mL micro.
amount of acid necessary to reach pH 8.1 and 4.5, respectively.
The pH values approximate the points where the hydroxide and
8. Reagents
bicarbonate ions are neutralized.
8.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
5. Significance and Use used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
5.1 Alkalinity as carbonate and bicarbonate of saline water
4
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,
is very important in chemical waterflooding or tertiary recov-
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
ery processes for recovering petroleum. Alkaline waters offer
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
better wetting to the formation rock and improve oil release. As
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
an additional benefit, ions that provide alkalinity adsorb on
accuracy of the determination.
rock surfaces occupying adsorption sites and decrease the loss
8.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, reference
of recovery chemical by adsorption. Determination of alkalin-
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming
ity in waters used in tertiary recovery processes is therefore
to Specification D 1193, Type I. Other reagent water types may
very important.
be used provided it is first ascertained that the water is of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on Water
4
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
in Water. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1997. Published December 1998. Originally listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
e1
published as D 3875 – 80. Last previous edition D 3875 – 80 (93) . Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmac
...